基于CFD仿真计算的襟翼舵水动力研究

襟翼舵作为一种可靠的、高升力的舵在最近几年内引起了广大设计工作者的重视影响,同时也有不少成熟的研究成果。对襟翼舵的研究主要集中在展弦比,主副舵面积比,转角比等方面,这些因素对襟翼舵的整体影响规律也已得到不少专家的解释。本文主要研究襟翼舵主副舵间间隙大小以及尺度效应对其水动力性能的影响,以普通NACA0020翼型为基本剖面建立不同间隙大小的襟翼舵模型,采用RANS方法计算得到了不同缝隙大小以及不同缩尺比下的襟翼舵升力阻力以及压力分布,并对周围涡结构以及流场进行分析,发现升力系数随着缝隙增大而减小,阻力系数先减小再增大的规律。同时随着襟翼舵尺度的增大,升力系数会随之增大,阻力系数会随之减小。文中以计算模型和实验数据进行对比,两者误差在5%以内,证明了计算结果的可靠性。     

翼板扰流器的参数对海底管线水动力特性的影响

利用计算流体力学数值模拟方法,结合RNG k-ε湍流模型,对安装翼板扰流器的海底管线绕流进行了二维数值模拟。以不同布置形式的翼板扰流器为研究对象,通过改变间隙比和翼板高度,探讨其对海底管线绕流水动力特性的影响。计算结果表明：间隙比为0．3时,翼板扰流器抑制的效果更好,受力情况良好,且A60型翼板管线效果最佳;间隙比相同时升力系数和阻力系数随着翼板高度的增加而增大。建议实际工程中,应尽量避免翼板管线的悬空高度,同时可在管线的不同展向安装不同角度的翼板扰流器,以破坏涡旋发放的规律性。     

海底管道悬跨段的近壁圆柱绕流分析

海底管道靠近海床表面处受海流冲刷,管道与海床表面产生一定间隙,该间隙与管道直径的比值定义为间隙比。通过数值模拟和物理模型试验,研究间隙比对管道绕流的水动力特性的影响。物理模型试验中,六分力天平测得管道的阻力和升力,数值模拟研究管道尾流流态和旋涡发放频率。结果表明:间隙比低于某临界值时,海床的存在阻碍了剪切层与层外流动间的相互作用,抑制层内涡量的传递,下游旋涡得不到充分发展,发放频率有所降低;海床壁面加剧管道两侧压力分布不均匀,压力差增加,因而管道阻力和升力增大;间隙比高于某临界值时,海床的抑制作用逐渐削弱,旋涡脱落趋于规则,海床未对绕流产生较大影响,管道受力随之趋于稳定。该研究可为海流冲刷引起的海底管道悬跨现象的安全设计提供理论指导。     

基于格子Boltzmann方法的船舶风力助推转子绕流特性

风力转子推进装置节能环保,降低推力成本,有利于船舶行业的绿色发展。基于多松弛格子Boltzmann方法,对并列风力助推转子绕流进行数值模拟。首先模拟单圆柱绕流的流动特性,以验证程序的可靠性,重点探究双圆柱的间距比和转速比对圆柱绕流特性的影响。获取圆柱的升阻力系数以及尾流流型,验证临界转速比的存在。结果显示:旋转可以有效地抑制涡的生成和脱落,当转速比达到临界转速比时,漩涡彻底消失,流场变得稳定;时均升力系数的绝对值和时均阻力系数随转速比的增大分别增大和减小。     

The effects of free surface and end cell on flow around a finite circular cylinder with low aspect ratio

Vortex-induced motion is an oscillatory phenomenon which occurs to a floating body with low aspect ratio. The basic phenomenological study about the effects of free surface and end cell on flow around a finite fixed circular cylinder was investigated in this study using particle image velocimetry and hydrodynamic force measurement. It was found from the former experiment that the wake of the cylinder is influenced by the both end cell and free surface. Blowup and back flow are generated from the end cell, and their effects are suspended by free surface. The result of hydrodynamic force measurement showed the effect of Reynolds number, Froude number, and the aspect ratio of the floating body on the hydrodynamic force. Fluctuating components of hydrodynamic coefficients decrease for increasing Reynolds number, Froude number, and the aspect ratio. On the other hand, the mean drag coefficient increases as Froude number increases and decreases as the aspect ratio increases. The interpretation to these results was discussed in comparison with flow structures observed in the experiment. In addition, it was found that the effect of Reynolds number on the mean drag coefficient changes at different aspect ratios. A possible interpretation to this phenomenon was proposed.     

四面体框架群三维水动力模型

四面体框架群（TFR）防护方法在我国的河流工程中正得到越来越多的应用,然而由于其复杂的几何形状,采用传统的量测手段准确量测四面体框架群内的流场遇到极大障碍,这限制了研究者对四面体防护方法的深入理解．本文利用CFD通用代码Fluent,建立了用于计算四面体框架群流速场和阻力大小的三维水动力数值模型．采用可实现κ-ε紊流模型封闭雷诺时均方程．研究表明该数值模型可以有效补充物理试验研究工作,有助于理解四面体框架复杂的三维流场和防护机理,分别给出了阻力系数CD与雷诺数Re以及升力系数CL与雷诺数Re的关系图．     

Optimization of submerged floating tunnel cross section based on parametric Bézier curves and hybrid backpropagation - genetic algorithm

The cross-section geometry of a submerged floating tunnel (SFT) has a large effect on hydrodynamic characteristics, structural behavior and service level, making the tunnel cross section the primary factor in optimizing efficiency. Minimizing the mean drag and the dynamic variability in the lift of the SFT cross section under bi-directional (i.e., tidal) flow has a dramatic impact on the reduction of structural displacements and mooring loads. Based on a parametric Bézier curve dynamically comprising the leading-edge radius, tunnel height and width to define the SFT geometry, a sensitivity analysis of the Bézier curve parameters for a fixed aspect ratio with prototype dimensions under uniform flow conditions was conducted by applying Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), and the pressure distribution around the SFT cross-section surface was analyzed. A theoretical method comprising the Kármán vortex street parameters was employed to verify the CFD simulation results. In order to determine the SFT cross section with optimal hydrodynamic properties, the mean drag and Root Mean Square (RMS) lift coefficients were selected as optimization objectives, and four Bézier curve parameters were the input variables, in a neural network and genetic algorithm optimization process (a hybrid BP-GA structure), which is less likely to become trapped in local minima. The results show the optimal tunnel cross section has a mean drag and a RMS lift coefficient reduced by 0.9% and 6.3%, respectively, compared to the original CFD dataset.     

Experimental investigations on hydrodynamic interactions between the cylinder and nets of a typical offshore aquacultural structure in steady current

A series of physical experiments were performed in steady current to investigate the hydrodynamic interactions between the cylinder and nets which constitute a main part of offshore aquacultural platforms. The hydrodynamic characteristics of only the cylinder, only nets and combined cylinder-net structures are measured and analyzed systematically under different current velocities, inflow angles and solidity ratios of nets. Based on experimental data, fitted formulas for hydrodynamic coefficients of a single resin net are proposed and compared to previously published empirical formulas. It is observed that the existence of the cylinder brings an increment up to 9.2% to drag coefficient of net panels whose solidity ratios are higher than 0.347, whereas this effect is negligible for nets with lower solidity ratios and perpendicular to the inflow. For nets inclined with 45°, the increment of the drag coefficient of net panels due to the existence of the cylinder is more significant (up to 22.9%) than that for perpendicularly placed nets. Furthermore, the existence of nets also leads to a noticeable increase in the drag coefficient of the cylinder, up to 40.18% for a relatively large net solidity ratio of 0.458, representative of biofouling condition. The increment increases with the rise of the solidity ratio of nets and it is larger for nets placed perpendicularly to the inflow than inclined. Effects of the cylinder and nets on lift coefficients of each other are a bit complicated, leading to an increase or reduction of lift coefficients depending on the inflow velocity, inflow angle and net solidity ratios. Finally, it is worth noting that the hydrodynamic interaction between the cylinder and nets deserves to be considered in current practice of hybrid methods by combining potential flow theory, Morison and screen models for aquacultural structures, especially for biofouling conditions.     

超空泡航行体楔形舵片流体动力学特性数值模拟

舵片是保证超空泡航行体运动稳定性和控制航行弹道的重要部分。文章基于均质平衡流模型和SST(Shear Stress Transport)湍流模型,计算了单独舵片的流体动力特性,并与试验数据进行了对比,结果符合较好,验证了计算模型的有效性。基于此方法,计算了单独舵片发生空化后在不同操舵状态下的非定常流体动力变化。结果表明,在攻角相同时,操舵状态下舵片的非定常升力系数和定常结果差别不大,而非定常阻力系数大于定常结果,并且操舵速度越快,阻力系数越大。另外计算了舵片发生空化后的流体动力系数,结果显示在攻角相同时,舵片的阻力系数和升力系数均小于其在全湿状态下的结果;在空化状态下,舵片升力系数的斜率小于全湿状态,并且舵片升力系数的斜率是变化的,存在某临界攻角,攻角大于此临界值时,升力系数的斜率减小,而此临界攻角恰好为舵片的吸力面刚刚出现空化时的攻角;操舵状态下舵片的阻力系数和升力系数的变化规律与定常结果一致,但是数值偏小。     

旋转圆柱绕流的流场特性

在亚临界区Re=1.4×105条件下,基于大涡模拟（LES）方法对均匀来流作用下的旋转圆柱绕流进行了数值模拟。通过与非旋转时的实验和计算结果比较,验证了文中计算的准确性。在此基础上,对不同转速条件下（0≤α≤2,α为圆周线速度与自由来流速度的比值）的圆柱绕流进行了数值研究。结果表明,圆柱旋转可以有效地抑制其旋涡脱落,随着转速的增加,可大幅提高其升阻比,主要表现为阻力系数减小而升力系数线性增大。当α=2时,阻力系数和升力系数在经过短暂过渡期后达到稳定。     

通过水下储能系统的蓄电池单元的流:三个接触的似花结构的球状物(英文)

An LES simulation of flow over an accumulator unit of an underwater compressed air energy storage facility was conducted. The accumulator unit consists of three touching underwater balloons arranged in a floral configuration. The structure of the flow was examined via three dimensional iso surfaces of the Q criterion. Vortical cores were observed on the leeward surface of the balloons. The swirling tube flows generated by these vortical cores were depicted through three dimensional path lines. The flow dynamics were visualized via time series snapshots of two dimensional vorticity contours perpendicular to the flow direction; revealing the turbulent swinging motions of the aforementioned shedding-swirling tube flows. The time history of the hydrodynamic loading was presented in terms of lift and drag coefficients. Drag coefficient of each individual balloon in the floral configuration was smaller than that of a single balloon. It was found that the total drag coefficient of the floral unit of three touching balloons, i.e. summation of the drag coefficients of the balloons, is not too much larger than that of a single balloon whereas it provides three times the storage capacity. In addition to its practical significance in designing appropriate foundation and supports, the instantaneous hydrodynamic loading was used to determine the frequency of the turbulent swirling-swinging motions of the shedding vortex tubes; the Strouhal number was found to be larger than that of a single sphere at the same Reynolds number.     

三维有限长旋转圆柱水动力性能的实验及数值分析（英文）

The hydrodynamic performance of a three-dimensional finite-length rotating cylinder is studied by means of a physical tank and numerical simulation. First, according to the identified influencing factors, a hydrodynamic performance test of the rotating cylinder was carried out in a circulating water tank. In order to explore the changing law of hydrodynamic performance with these factors, a particle image velocimetry device was used to monitor the flow field. Subsequently, a computational field dynamics numerical simulation method was used to simulate the flow field, followed by an analysis of the effects of speed ratio, Reynolds number, and aspect ratio on the flow field. The results show that the lift coefficient and drag coefficient of the cylinder increase first and then decrease with the increase of the rotational speed ratio. The trend of numerical simulation and experimental results is similar.     

海上平台支撑柱绕流特性的大涡模拟分析

海上平台是开采海洋资源的关键建筑,而支撑柱在平台中起着至关重要的作用。本文建立在海水作用下支撑柱做单圆柱绕流、串列双圆柱绕流和并列双圆柱绕流的二维流场模型,运用大涡模拟方法,对这3种模型进行数值模拟,得出其瞬时流场速度云图和圆柱受力特性曲线图。模拟计算层流和湍流情况下的圆柱绕流,通过模拟结果分析流场、升力系数和阻力系数的变化规律。     

基于 DES 方法的张力腿平台主体结构水动力特性研究

考虑张力腿平台立柱和浮箱之间的相互影响,通过分离涡模拟法（DES）对均匀流下张力腿平台主体三维水动力流特性进行了研究,讨论了张力腿平台阻力系数、升力系数及其频谱、压力系数和尾涡等特性。研究表明：阻力系数和升力系数时历曲线变化具有一定的周期性和“脉动性”;下游立柱受到上游立柱尾涡作用,导致下游立柱阻力系数较上游立柱阻力系数略大;下游立柱升力系数幅值较上游立柱升力系数幅值大,下游立柱泄涡具有明显的周期性特点;升力系数时历变化呈现紊乱,频谱图中谱峰个数越多且带宽越大。立柱表面压力系数呈现出“W”型且张力腿平台主体周围具有不同垂向流态形式,稳定脱落周期下通过压力系数最大值判断撞击点等特殊位置,压力系数最小值判断尾涡所附位置;尾涡具有高度各向相异性,不同来流方向下张力腿平台主体尾后出现不同尾涡结构和流形态。     

进水口流动对水翼组合体水动力影响的试验研究

为研究进水口流动对水翼组合体水动力的影响，开发了一套专用试验装置，可测量进水口位置和流量对水翼组合作升力和阻力的影响。试验获得了七种进水四位置的水翼组合体升力和阻力与进水口流量的关系。试验结果表明，进水口位置影响明显，一般地，进水口位于水翼压力面一侧有利于提高水翼组合体的升阻比。     

共翼型舵特性及其对潜艇潜浮运动影响研究

共翼型舵是一种新型的潜艇组合舵翼操纵面.文章首先通过水洞试验和CFD计算对共翼型舵的敞水水动力性能进行了研究,结果表明,共翼型舵的舵效随弦长比和展弦比增大,封堵舵翼之间的间隙可以显著提高舵的水动力性能.随后通过CFD计算对比了分别安装有普通舵、共翼型舵和封堵缝隙的共翼型舵的潜艇的潜浮运动,结果显示,5°舵角时,安装共翼型舵和封堵缝隙的共翼型舵的潜艇模型潜浮角分别比安装普通舵的模型提高65％和105％左右.     

水流作用力垂向变化对块体抛放影响的综合研究

考虑块体在水体中的相对位置,综合研究了不同水深区域内水流作用力系数的变化关系。在自由水表面和河床壁面附近区域,应分别考虑水表面波动和边界层对垂线流速分布的影响,由平均流速计算得出的拖曳力系数与相对位置基本呈递增关系,而上举力系数递减;介于上述区域之间时,近似认为拖曳力系数和上举力系数不随相对位置变化。因此,在受力分析以计算石块或沙袋的抛掷位移时,应考虑水流流动作用力垂向不断变化的特点。     

整流罩对深海立管水动力影响的数值模拟研究

应用CFD大涡模拟方法,对附有整流罩的深海立管的水动力影响效果进行了三维数值模拟。对不同的弦厚比在雷诺数分别为3 900、10 000和20 000条件下进行模拟分析,得到立管后方阻力系数、升力系数、斯特劳哈尔数及其频谱等特性。模拟结果表明:整流罩对立管升力和阻力有明显的抑制效果,相较于光滑立管,阻力系数均值降幅最大达到24.1%,升力系数均方根值降幅最大达到81.1%。阻力系数均值随弦厚比的增加先减小后趋于平稳升力系数均方根值随弦厚比的增加而增加。对比结果显示,弦厚比为1.2~1.6时,整流罩对立管的升力和阻力抑制效果较好。     

Response prediction of long flexible risers subject to forced harmonic vibration

Several research efforts have been directed toward the development of models for response prediction of flexible risers. The main difficulties arise from the fact that the dynamic response of flexible risers involves highly nonlinear behavior and a self-regulated process. This article presents a quasi-steady approach for response prediction of oscillating flexible risers. Amplitude-dependent lift coefficients are considered, as is an increased mean drag coefficient model during synchronization events. Experimental validation of the proposed model was carried out using a 20-m riser model excited by forced harmonic vibration at its top end. Large variations in the hydrodynamic force coefficients, a low mass ratio value, and synchronization events are the main features of the model presented in this article. Experimental validation was provided for the asymmetric, transverse, diagonal, and third vortex regimes.     

Experimental investigation of TARMAX model for modeling of hydrodynamic forces on cylinder-like structures

A new approach that models lift and drag hydrodynamic force signals operating over cylindrical structures was developed and validated. This approach is based on stochastic auto regressive moving average with exogenous (ARMAX) input and its time-varying form, TARMAX. Model structure selection and parameter estimation were discussed while considering the validation stage. In this paper, the cylindrical structure was considered as a dynamic system with an incoming water wave and resulting forces as the input and outputs, respectively. The experimental data, used in this study, were collected from a full-scale rough vertical cylinder at the Delft Hydraulics Laboratory. The practicality of the proposed method and also its efficiency in structural modeling were demonstrated through applying two hydrodynamic force components. For this purpose, an ARMAX model is first used to capture the dynamics of the process, relating in-line forces provided by water waves;secondly, the TARMAX model was applied to modeling and analysis of the lift forces on the cylinder. The evaluation of the lift force by the TARMAX model shows the model is successful in modeling the force from the surface elevation.