直立堤上平均越浪量计算方法的比选

国、内外学者基于三维波浪模型试验研究成果,针对斜向不规则波、多向不规则波等多种波形作用于直立堤时的平均越浪量,提出了多种计算方法,而在我国现行的港口工程设计规范中,尚未给出直立堤越浪量的计算方法.综合主要的分析研究成果,对上述各种直立堤上平均越浪量的计算方法进行分析比较,对各种计算方法的适用性提出初步建议,供工程设计时...     

关于海岸水工建筑物顶部单波越浪量的研究

在防波堤与堤后结构物的安全性评价和堤顶行人与车辆等的危险因素分析中,单波越浪量比常用的平均越浪量能更真实地反映出堤顶越浪的影响,是更为合适的越浪量评估指标。重点介绍直立堤和斜坡堤上单波越浪量的计算方法,并通过具体算例对相似的计算方法进行对比分析,针对不同计算方法的选用原则提出相关建议,可供防波堤工程设计参考。     

悬挑框架式海堤不规则波浪力特性研究

以浙江温州浅滩二期生态堤为例,在波浪港池中开展物理模型试验,探究悬挑框架式海堤在不规则波作用下的受力特性。测量不同入射波条件下海堤直立墙和悬挑的波压强值并分析其随时间变化特性,得到各工况下海堤结构上波压强的分布特征,并探讨结构受力的主要影响因素,对结构所受波浪总力及其影响因素进行冗余分析(RDA)。结果表明：海堤直立墙在波峰作用下,水平方向不同位置受力存在相位差,且潮位以上、以下部分受力过程差异较大;极端工况下海堤直立墙与悬挑连接处所受压强最大;结构整体所受最大竖向总力为5 653.125 kN,约为最大水平总力的70%;有效波高相较于潮位与结构受力的相关性更大。在悬挑框架式海堤设计中,应保证直立墙与悬挑连接处的强度,充分考虑波浪竖向荷载以及最大波高出现情况对整体稳定的影响。     

考虑护岸的可透水海堤的计算与分析

根据规则波作用下的波浪力的频域解理论,以可透水海堤为模型,得到不同吃水、离岸距和孔隙参数下可透水海堤结构和护岸的受力情况。运用谱分析法理论,分析不同吃水和离岸距下的波浪力谱特征,确定了可透水海堤在不规则波作用下水平方向的累积频率波浪力。分析可知,考虑护岸的可透水海堤的受力和消波效果对孔隙系数和波浪频率敏感性强,设计中应避开波浪力峰值。     

斜坡堤上平均越浪量计算方法的比较

针对海岸工程中的越浪量问题,国、内外学者进行过大量研究,提出了多种计算平均越浪量的方法,但由于考虑的影响因素不同,计算结果常有较大差异.目前,在我国的海堤、护岸等海岸工程设计中,多按"允许越浪量"为控制条件初步确定堤顶高程,再由物理模型试验加以验证.本研究基于三维波浪模型试验,综合针对斜坡堤上平均越浪量的主要研究成果,...     

规则波作用下斜坡堤越浪量的数值模拟

台风过境产生极端波浪造成斜坡式海堤越浪,现有计算越浪量的经验公式都存在适用性的问题.为探求台风天气下舟山区域斜坡堤越浪量计算公式,基于VOF方法,对Navier-Stokes方程和k-ε方程进行求解,建立速度边界造波和阻尼消波的数值波浪水槽.在水槽中建立斜坡堤模型,通过改变影响越浪量的相关因素,模拟台风浪条件下规则波作...     

起伏河床地形上薄的垂直物体对倾斜水面波的散射（英文）

The present study deals with the scattering of oblique surface water waves by small undulation on the bottom in the presence of a thin vertical barrier. Here, three different configurations of vertical barriers are investigated. Perturbation analysis is employed to determine the physical quantities, namely, the reflection and transmission coefficients. In this analysis, many different Boundary Value Problems(BVPs) are obtained out of which the first two bvps are considered. The zeroth order bvp is solved with the aid of eigenfunction expansion method. The first order reflection and transmission coefficients are derived in terms of the integrals by the method of the Green's integral theorem. The variation of these coefficients is plotted and analyzed for different physical parameters. Furthermore, the energy balance relation, an important relation in the study of water wave scattering, is derived and checked for assuring the correctness of the numerical results for the present problem.     

存在底部起伏影响的近壁面处双层多孔栅栏陷波研究（英文）

Trapping of oblique surface gravity waves by dual porous barriers near a wall is studied in the presence of step type varying bottom bed that is connected on both sides by water of uniform depths. The porous barriers are assumed to be fixed at a certain distance in front of a vertical rigid wall. Using linear water wave theory and Darcy's law for flow past porous structure, the physical problem is converted into a boundary value problem. Using eigenfunction expansion in the uniform bottom bed region and modified mild-slope equation in the varying bottom bed region, the mathematical problem is handled for solution. Moreover, certain jump conditions are used to account for mass conservation at slope discontinuities in the bottom bed profile. To understand the effect of dual porous barriers in creating tranquility zone and minimum load on the sea wall, reflection coefficient, wave forces acting on the barrier and the wall, and surface wave elevation are computed and analyzed for different values of depth ratio, porous-effect parameter, incident wave angle, gap between the barriers and wall and slope length of undulated bottom. The study reveals that with moderate porosity and suitable gap between barriers and sea wall, using dual barriers an effective wave trapping system can be developed which will exert less wave force on the barriers and the rigid wall. The proposed wave trapping system is likely to be of immense help for protecting various facilities/infrastructures in coastal environment.     

Scattering of oblique surface water waves by thin vertical barrier over undulating bed topography

The present study deals with the scattering of oblique surface water waves by small undulation on the bottom in the presence of a thin vertical barrier. Here, three different configurations of vertical barriers are investigated. Perturbation analysis is employed to determine the physical quantities, namely, the reflection and transmission coefficients. In this analysis, many different Boundary Value Problems (BVPs) are obtained out of which the first two bvps are considered. The zeroth order bvp is solved with the aid of eigenfunction expansion method. The first order reflection and transmission coefficients are derived in terms of the integrals by the method of the Green’s integral theorem. The variation of these coefficients is plotted and analyzed for different physical parameters. Furthermore, the energy balance relation, an important relation in the study of water wave scattering, is derived and checked for assuring the correctness of the numerical results for the present problem.     

Numerical analysis of the hydroelastic behavior of a vertical plate due to solitary waves

Interactions of a vertical elastic plate with fully nonlinear water waves were simulated. Utilizing the mixed Eulerian Lagrangian method for the free-surface flow and the finite element method for the deflection of an elastic plate, a fully coupled scheme for accurately determining fluid–plate motions was developed. Using this scheme, some modifications to the solvers for both fluid and plate were made. A hybrid wave-absorbing beach was installed to prevent wave reflection from the end of the wave tank. A fourth-order Runge–Kutta time-marching scheme with a uniform time step was applied to achieve numerical stability. The method was validated by simulating the wave generated by the initial deformation of a vertical plate and comparing the result with the corresponding analytical solution. For further validation, the hydroelastic behavior of a vertical plate induced by a pulse-type wave (where the initial pulse-type elevation of the free surface is specified) was computed, and the result was compared with another numerical result from a mode-expansion method. The interaction of a surface-piercing plate with nonzero initial free surface was then simulated, and the result was compared with the corresponding linear analytical solution. Finally, the hydroelastic response of a surface-piercing vertical plate due to a solitary wave (generated by actuating the vertical plate at the right end of the tank only at the beginning) was computed and investigated systematically.     

斜坡堤防浪墙型式合理性试验研究

在海堤、护岸等斜坡式防浪建筑物中，为满足越浪与稳定要求，减少工程投资，通常在堤顶设置防浪墙。通过对常用的直立式及几种圆弧式防浪墙进行物理模型试验，测量作用其上的波浪力和越浪量，分析不同防浪墙形式在受力和越浪上各自的特点，并讨论防浪墙型式引起的越浪和受力的相互关系，可供斜坡堤防浪墙设计参考。     

混凝土铰链排护坡式海堤波压力试验研究

结合苏北滨海海域实际海堤防护工程,通过波浪断面物理模型试验,对柔性混凝土铰链排和刚性混凝土槽型块两种护坡形式分别展开各海堤断面中消浪平台及以上堤身结构在规则波及不规则波作用下的波压力研究,并比较分析两者之间的差异。试验结果表明,铰链排护坡对消减波能的效果要优于槽型块护坡,更有利于海堤的安全性和稳定性。同时根据波压力分析结果对混凝土铰链排护坡式海堤提出了相应的优化加固措施。     

不规则波作用下波浪爬高计算方法

通过物理模型试验,研究了不规则波作用下光滑不透水单坡和复坡上的波浪爬高,分析了主要影响因素波陡、坡度、波浪入射角、平台宽度和高程对波浪爬高的影响规律,得到了海堤结构波浪爬高的计算公式及其不同累积率换算关系,并提出了多级平台海堤断面波浪爬高计算方法,可适用于复杂海堤断面的爬高计算,与40多个实际工程的模型试验结果对比,具有较好的计算精度,可供工程设计参考。     

水底地形变化对摇板造波的影响

In the present paper,the effect of a small bottom undulation of the sea bed in the form of periodic bed form on the surface waves generated due to a rolling oscillation of a vertical barrier either partially immersed or completely submerged in water of non uniform finite depth is investigated.A simplified perturbation technique involving a non dimensional parameter characterizing the smallness of the bottom deformation is applied to reduce the given boundary value problem to two independent boundary value problems upto first order.The first boundary value problem corresponds to the problem of water wave generation due to rolling oscillation of a vertical barrier either partially immersed or completely submerged in water of uniform finite depth.This is a well known problem whose solution is available in the literature.From the second boundary value problem,the first order correction to the wave amplitude at infinity is evaluated in terms of the shape function characterizing the bottom undulation,by employing Green’s integral theorem.For a patch of sinusoidal ripples at the sea bottom,the first order correction to the wave amplitude at infinity for both the configuration of the barrier is then evaluated numerically and illustrated graphically for various values of the wave number.It is observed that resonant interaction of the wave generated,with the sinusoidal bottom undulation occurs when the ratio of twice the wavelength of the sinusoidal ripple to the wave length of waves generated,approaches unity.Also it is found that the resonance increases as the length of the barrier increases.     

天津滨海新区某海堤局部结构塌陷的原因分析及处理措施

在天津滨海地区建设海堤时,一般需要在淤泥土地基上设置水平砂垫层和竖向塑料排水板,以加速天然地基的排水固结,提高地基承载能力.在某海堤工程的施工中,因部分堤段的砂垫层改用粉细砂,以致在海堤建造过程中发生局部塌陷,以该项工程为例,详细分析海堤出现结构塌陷的原因,总结经验教训,可供类似工程参考.     

长江口综合整治工程波要素计算方法

长江口位于开敞海域,波浪随季节变化,波况极为复杂。工程水域的设计波要素关系到海塘防洪安全,对于长江口综合整治工程有着重要影响。采用经验公式和数学模型两种方法计算长江口海域的波浪。研究结果表明,两种方法计算的平均波高相近;数学模型计算的波周期更符合波浪传播变形规律,经验公式计算的波周期偏保守、对工程来说偏安全。对两种计算方法的优缺点进行了比较分析。建议采用数学模型计算长江口水域的波要素,并采用经验公式进行复核。必要时结合波浪实测数据和物理模型,提高计算结果的准确性,为长江口综合整治工程提供可靠的设计波要素。     

惠州某海堤结构优化研究

本文以惠州某填海项目为研究背景,以项目海堤为研究对象.海堤后方为化工园区,其等级要求较高.根据规范公式计算,得到海堤顶高程理论值及护面块体、垫层、护底块石稳定重量.由于该地区地形较为复杂,局部位置波浪反射与叠加情况较为严重,部分位置存在波能集中现象.为检验海堤结构在实际环境中的稳定性及越浪量,需对其进行物理模型试验,并...     

长江口围垦工程越浪数值模拟研究

运用基于非线性浅水方程的SWASH模型对长江口围垦工程的越浪进行模拟研究。采用垂向结构提高了模型的色散性,使模型适用于深水区,考虑垂向加速度的作用,使浅水区域的模拟更加精确。根据实际具体工程对模型进行验证并与海堤规范计算结果进行比较。研究表明:该模型和海堤规范都能很好地对越浪量进行计算,模型计算结果更为精确,工程中栅栏板对波浪的耗散等还需在数模中进一步概化和优化。     

超大型 VLCC 波激振动和砰击振动模型试验研究

船舶的波激振动和砰击振动对船舶结构的安全性有较大影响。文章以一艘超大型 VLCC 为研究对象,通过变截面梁分段模型试验方法对船舶在规则波和不规则波中波激振动和砰击振动响应进行了比较分析,介绍了船模波浪载荷试验中模型的设计原则,通过静水试验得到了船体梁垂向振动频率特性、振动阻尼和静水兴波弯矩等参数,通过规则波和不规则波试验分析了波高、波浪周期和装载状态等因素对波激振动和砰击振动的影响。该文的研究结果对大型船舶的结构设计具有一定的指导意义。