信号控制下交叉口延误计算方法研究

为了对交通信号控制参数进行优化,需要对交叉口延误进行定量的分析与计算。根据信号控制交叉口理论,在以往定时信号延误研究的基础上,基于交叉口一个进口方向的车辆延误分析,针对交叉口各进口方向同时处于非饱和与同时处于过饱和交通状况,分析并推导了交叉口延误公式.并用具体的算例说明了公式的用法。公式表明了交叉口延误与信号控制参数、车辆到达率等参数之间的动态关系,为进一步研究交通信号自适应控制方法和建立交通信号控制参数优化的性能指标函数提供了信息。     

城市道路复合交叉口交通渠化设计方法研究

复合交叉口渠化设计对于提高交通服务水平,保证交通安全,解决城市交通拥挤问题有非常重要的意义.以泰州一典型复合交叉口为例,通过多方案的设计及比选,提出了复合交叉口渠化设计的思路、程序和方法,并对所选择的设计方案进行了仿真测试,结果表明所选择的设计方案优于其他备选方案,改善了原有交叉口交通流的紊乱现象.文章所提出的方法对此类交叉口的设计提供了一个参考.     

孤立交叉口多相位自适应模糊控制及其神经网络实现

针对城市中心区交叉口交通流分布的特点,综合考虑本相位和相邻相位车道上的车辆排队长度(以下简称“队长”),应用模糊控制和神经网络具有的学习功能,提出了一种孤立交叉口多相位自适应模糊控制算法,该算法采用两个规则前件进行模糊推理,并给出了基于3层神经网络实现的模糊控制器的网络结构及其改进的BP网络训练算法和运行程序,结合已有类似研究成果进行了仿真比较研究,结果表明:该控制方法在信号周期自动调节和减少车辆延误方面都有明显改进,在实现城市交叉口智能控制中具有推广应用价值。     

城市信号交叉路口黄灯信号模型研究

主要研究了计算黄灯闪烁持续时间的方法和有关黄灯时间所造成困境区域的内容。通过运用车辆的动态特点的真实评估，研究当驾驶员面对黄灯信号时可能的选择，并结合困境区域的原因分析与数学描述，提出黄灯时间的计算模型。计算模型重点在于分析困境区域对于驾驶员的影响，并借由分析结果给出合理的黄灯时问分配安排。最后，对设置黄灯信号及现有交通条例的制定提出一定建议。     

城市道路平面交叉口的改善对策及探讨

城市道路平面交叉口在城市道路网中居于核心地位,也是交通事故最集中的地方。针对城市道路平面交叉口出现的问题,该文从平面交叉口的几何构造、渠化、交通控制、行人过街安全等方面介绍了平面交叉口的改善措施,并结合实例进行探讨,以提高交叉口的通行能力。     

城市错位交叉口交通组织优化研究

城市错位交叉口是一种特殊的平面交叉口,它的运行状态直接影响到干道甚至整个区域的交通运行质量。在对城市错位交叉口的一般形式及特征分析的基础上,提出了3种可行的交通组织方案及相应的信号控制方案。并以郑州市金水路中段错位交叉口为例,通过Vissim仿真软件对方案进行评价,得到了交叉口延误最小的推荐方案。研究结果表明,要保证城市错位交叉口的通畅性,必须根据现有的道路条件、交通环境和交通结构,进行有效的交通组织。     

Learning-based traffic signal control algorithms with neighborhood information sharing: An application for sustainable mobility

This research applies R-Markov Average Reward Technique based reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm, namely RMART, for vehicular signal control problem leveraging information sharing among signal controllers in connected vehicle environment. We implemented the algorithm in a network of 18 signalized intersections and compare the performance of RMART with fixed, adaptive, and variants of the RL schemes. Results show significant improvement in system performance for RMART algorithm with information sharing over both traditional fixed signal timing plans and real time adaptive control schemes. The comparison with reinforcement learning algorithms including Q learning and SARSA indicate that RMART performs better at higher congestion levels. Further, a multi-reward structure is proposed that dynamically adjusts the reward function with varying congestion states at the intersection. Finally, the results from test networks show significant reduction in emissions (CO, CO₂, NO_x, VOC, PM₁₀) when RL algorithms are implemented compared to fixed signal timings and adaptive schemes.     

Revisiting the application of simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation towards signal timing optimization

Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation (SPSA) has gained favor as an efficient optimization method for calibrating computationally intensive, “black box” traffic flow simulations. Few recent studies have investigated the efficiency of SPSA for traffic signal timing optimization. It is important for this to be investigated, because significant room for improvement exists in the area of signal optimization. Some signal timing methods and products perform optimization very quickly, but deliver mediocre solutions. Other methods and products deliver high-quality solutions, but at a very slow rate. When using commercialized desktop signal timing products, engineers are often forced to choose between speed and solution quality. Real-time adaptive control products, which must optimize timings within seconds on a cycle-by-cycle basis, have limited time to reach a high-quality solution. The existing literature indicates that SPSA provides the potential for upgrading both off-line and on-line solutions alike, by delivering high-quality solutions within seconds. This article describes an extensive set of optimization tests involving SPSA and genetic algorithms (GAs). The final results suggest that GA was slightly more efficient than SPSA. Moreover, the results suggest today's signal timing solutions could be improved significantly by incorporating GA, SPSA, and “playbooks” of preoptimized starting points. However, it may take another 5–10 years before our computers become fast enough to simultaneously optimize coordination settings (i.e., cycle length, phasing sequence, and offsets) at numerous intersections, using the most powerful heuristic methods, at speeds that are compatible with real-time adaptive solutions.     

Heavy-duty vehicle modelling and longitudinal control

This paper addresses modelling, longitudinal control design and implementation for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs). The challenging problems here are: (a) an HDV is mass dominant with low power to mass ratio; (b) They possess large actuator delay and actuator saturation. To reduce model mismatch, it is necessary to obtain a nonlinear model which is as simple as the control design method can handle and as complicated as necessary to capture the intrinsic vehicle dynamics. A second order nonlinear vehicle body dynamical model is adopted, which is feedback linearizable. Beside the vehicle dynamics, other main dynamical components along the power-train and drive-train are also modelled, which include turbocharged diesel engine, torque converter, transmission, transmission retarder, pneumatic brake and tyre. The braking system is the most challenging part for control design, which contains three parts: Jake (engine compression) brake, air brake and transmission retarder. The modelling for each is provided. The use of engine braking effect is new complementary to Jake (compression) brake for longitudinal control, which is united with Jake brake in modelling. The control structure can be divided into upper level and lower level. Upper level control uses sliding mode control to generate the desired torque from the desired vehicle acceleration. Lower level control is divided into two branches: (a) engine control: from positive desired torque to desired fuel rate (engine control) using a static engine mapping which basically captures the intrinsic dynamic performance of the turbo-charged diesel engine; (b) brake control: from desired negative torque to generate Jake brake cylinder number to be activated and ON/OFF time periods, applied pneumatic brake pressure and applied voltage of transmission retarder. Test results are also reported.     

城市错位交叉口信号控制方案优化研究

针对城市中心地区较为常见的错位交叉口带来的交通问题,结合南京市中航科技城开发建设项目,对错位交叉口的交通信号联动控制方法进行研究,以保证错位交叉口运行的顺畅性和安全性.基于错位交叉口信号联动控制模型的建立,以南京市航空路一瑞金路一尚书巷形成的错位交叉口为研究对象,利用Vissim建立错位交叉口的仿真环境,对城市错位交叉口的运行状态进行了评价.研究结果表明通过优化错位交叉口信号控制策略,可以提高错位交叉口的通行能力,减少交叉口车辆的延误,达到改善交叉口运行环境的目的.     

城市主干道调头口设置探讨

随着城市的不断发展,城市主要干道中调头需求已成为交通流中不可忽视的一部分。该文通过对北京市通州区城市主干道现况调头口的运行状况进行调查研究,分析车辆调头对交叉口交通功能的影响程度,就如何合理地设置调头口,得出初步的结论,从设计和管理的角度提出建议以供参考。     

Flow-field guided steering control for rigid autonomous ground vehicles in low-speed manoeuvring

ABSTRACT

This paper studies the low-speed manoeuvring problem for autono-mous ground vehicles operating in complex static environments. Making use of the intrinsic property of a fluid to naturally find its way to an outflow destination, a novel guidance method is proposed. In this approach, a reference flow field is calculated numerically through Computational Fluid Dynamics, based on which both the reference path topology and the steering reference to achieve the path are derived in a single process. Steering control considers three constraints: obstacle and boundary avoidance, rigidity of the vehicle, plus the non-holonomic velocity constraints due to the steering system. The influences of the parameters used during the flow field simulation and the control algorithm are discussed through numerical cases. A divergency field is defined to evaluate the quality of the flow field in guiding the vehicle. This is used to identify any problematic branching features of the flow, and control is adapted in the neighbourhood of such branching features to resolve possible ambiguities in the control reference. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in finding smooth and feasible motion paths, even in complex environments.     

节能导向的信号交叉口生态驾驶策略研究

为解决信号交叉口区域车辆频繁启停及怠速停车造成的燃油浪费和污染物排放问题,研究了以节能为导向的信号交叉口的生态驾驶策略问题.借助交叉口区域的V2I通信系统获得车辆自身定位和运动状态数据,以及信号灯状态与配时信息,对车辆所处车速引导场景及可通行性进行判定.对各场景下车辆时空运动轨迹进行分析,综合考虑交叉口上下游的燃油消耗,以平均每公里油耗最小建立统一的优化目标函数,求得生态驾驶轨迹最优解,以向驾驶员提供车速建议.利用M atlab开展的随机仿真实验表明,与不采用生态驾驶车速引导相比,采用生态驾驶车速引导至少可降低10% 以上的燃油消耗.对于划分的6种车速引导场景而言,最优生态驾驶策略在场景2下的节油效果最为显著,可达到30% ~60%;其次是场景4,可达到25% ~50%;在场景3和场景5中表现略差.从节约能源的角度而言,车辆在通过信号交叉口时应尽量避免停车等待,防止发动机长时间空转造成的燃油浪费,必要时可采取适当加减速的方式通过交叉口.     

提高城市道路平面交叉口通行能力的途径探索与研究

道路交叉口是城市道路交通系统的瓶颈,是影响道路通行能力的关键节点。该文分析了影响道路交叉口通行能力的因素,并提出通过交通组织、渠化设计等方法解决交叉口拥堵的途径,对城市新建和改建道路缓解城市交通拥挤状况具有一定的实际意义。     

信号控制对动态路线选择的影响研究

以动态路线选择模型为基础的先进的出行者信息系统（ＡＴＩＳ）的实施必然对城市交通控制系统产生影响，同时交通控制系统的控制方案对路线诱导信息“运行时间”的估计也发生作用，影响用户对最优路线的造选择。对两系统的相互关系进行了分析，并建立了两系统相互关系模型最后给出了实际案例分析。     

交叉口混合交通流高维多目标信号优化控制

为提高我国城市道路交叉口混合交通流智能信号控制的效率,提出一种基于高维多目标进化算法的交叉口混合交通流信号智能优化控制方法.首先,提出一种新的高维多目标进化算法GRMODE,设计了新的算法模型并改进了Pareto支配排序等多项关键技术;其次,设计了基于GRMODE算法的交叉口混合交通流高维多目标信号优化控制模型,提供5项控制目标最优的信号控制方案.在南京市交叉口信号控制中的仿真实验结果表明,基于GRMODE算法的控制模型能够使交叉口机动车平均延误、停车次数、通行能力、非机动车平均延误及行人等待时间等多项性能指标同时达到最优,提升交叉口智能信号控制效率.     

交叉口信号控制自组织算法

为提高信号交叉口的控制效率,运用模式识别基本理论,对交叉口交通流运行状态的基本特征进行了提取,构建了信号控制模式类型与模式空间;依据定时控制、感应控制和自适应控制延误模型,运用统计模式识别方法建立了交叉口信号控制的模式分类方法;在此基础上,应用自组织理论,建立了信号控制方式之间的转换算法(自组织算法)与协商机制;最后结合哈尔滨市智能交通系统应用示范工程调查数据进行仿真。研究结果表明:交叉口信号控制自组织算法较单一信号控制方式在提高信号控制效益方面具有明显优势。     

城市交通智能控制优化算法

在传统的交叉口信号模糊控制基础上，提出了基于相序优化的模糊控制算法，并用改进的遗传算法优化模糊控制规则。对相序的优化考虑了驾驶员的心理，执行了专家的决策；对控制规则进行优化，减少了因专家主观性而导致控制器的不完备性。以典型的十字交叉口和四相位交通信号控制为例，选择不同时段的交通流数据进行仿真。结果表明：采用该控制算法设计的信号控制器能有效避免交通流不平衡引起的拥挤堵塞，具有更好的实时性和控制效果。     

Hierarchical distributed coordination strategy of connected and automated vehicles at multiple intersections

In this paper, we present a hierarchical distributed coordination strategy for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) that are travelling through multiple unsignalized intersections. The control strategy focuses on the improvement of vehicle fuel efficiency and system mobility. In presence of wireless communication among the involved CAVs and the intersection controllers, our coordination strategy focuses on leading the CAVs travel through a road network without conventional traffic light control and ensuring collision avoidance at the intersection areas. We propose a three-layered coordination strategy in this paper. First, we evaluate the road desired average velocity considering both upstream and downstream traffic to speed up the traffic density balance. Second, the intersection controllers optimally assign reference velocity to each vehicle based on the minimization of velocity deviation from its current velocity and collision avoidance at the intersections. Finally, fast model predictive control (F-MPC) is applied for each vehicle to track their reference velocity in a computationally efficient manner. Two simulation scenarios with different difficulty levels have been implemented on a two-interconnected intersection network. Simulation results indicate the feasibility and scalability of the proposed method, as well as vehicle fuel efficiency and system mobility improvement.     

城市道路错位交叉口处理的浅见——以晋安路、向阳路与西环路交叉口为例

错位交叉口是一种特殊的平面交叉口,严重影响着交叉口的通行能力和行车安全。该文在分析错位交叉口交通特征的基础上,针对错位交叉口中存在的问题,提出有效的治理措施,提高错位交叉口的通行能力,保证道路的行车安全。