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AbstractPath travel time estimation for buses is critical to public transit operation and passenger information system. State-of-the-art methods for estimating path travel time are usually focused on single vehicle with a limited number of road segments, thereby neglecting the interaction among multiple buses, boarding behavior, and traffic flow. This study models path travel time for buses considering link travel time and station dwell time. First, we fit link travel time to shifted lognormal distributions as in previous studies. Then, we propose a probabilistic model to capture interactions among buses in the bus bay as a first-in-first-out queue, with every bus sharing the same set of behaviors: queuing to enter the bus bay, loading/unloading passengers, and merging into traffic flow on the main road. Finally, path travel time distribution is estimated by statistically summarizing link travel time distributions and station dwell time distributions. The path travel time of a bus line in Hangzhou is analyzed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Results show that the model-based estimated path travel time distribution resembles the observed distribution well. Based on the calculation of path travel time, link travel time reliability is identified as the main factor affecting path travel time reliability. 相似文献
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基于行程质量的随机用户平衡分配模型 总被引:12,自引:4,他引:12
提出行程质量的概念以描述出行者在不确定环境下的路径选择准则。将行程质量定义为行程时间和行程时间可靠性的线性加权和,综合了影响路径选择的两个不同的重要因素:行程时间和行程时间可靠性。假定在路段通行能力随机变化的情况下出行者以估计行程质量费用最小作为路径选择的标准,建立了基于行程质量的随机用户平衡分配模型。证明了模型解的等价性和唯一性,给出了求解模型的MSA算法。在一个小型测试网络上的计算结果表明:模型能够反映出行者在随机路网中的路径选择行为。 相似文献
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为提高定制公交系统的运行效率,研究了带乘客出行时间窗约束的多条定制公交线路车辆调度方法。给出了乘客出行站点合并方法,将公交车早到、晚到站点所造成的乘客损失转变为当量运营里程,以多辆公交车总运营里程最小为目标,考虑乘客的站点约束、公交车容量约束以及乘客的出行时间窗,建立了定制公交车辆调度优化模型。其次分析了乘客出行起点、终点对模型求解的影响,通过提出虚拟源站点,将多辆定制公交车的调度问题转换为多旅行商问题;基于后向推导原则设计贪心算法求得模型的可行解;之后基于遗传算法,采用自然数编码机制,将每个站点作为基因位,按照访问次序排列成染色体对应问题的解;最后给出了贪心算法和遗传算法的流程。在理论研究的基础上以定制公交线路为例对建模过程和模型的求解过程进行了阐述。研究结果表明:所建立的优化模型能够输出合理的多条定制公交线路车辆调度方案,不仅可以给出每辆定制公交的途经站点、运营里程,还可以给出每个站点的准点程度以及由于公交早到、晚到折算得到的当量运营里程;在求解算法质量方面,与可行解相比,相对最优解输出的方案能够使综合运营里程降低10.4%;模型求解时间为30.3 s,可以满足定制公交企业的实时性需求。 相似文献
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提出一个适用于多OD对网络的基于动态用户均衡的同时路径和出发时间选择模型,用一个非减的分段线性函数构建了隐含先进先出条件的路段走行时间函数,并按各个路径和出发时间方案的流量的平均值来计算该路段走行时间函数,使得给定一个OD对的总需求和理想到达时间,模型可以确定出行者的选择路径和出发时间方案,方案确定后,没有人能够通过单... 相似文献
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The estimation of urban arterial travel time distribution (TTD) is critical to help implement Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and provide travelers with timely and reliable route guidance. The state-of-practice procedure for arterial TTD estimation commonly assumes that the path travel time follows a certain distribution without considering link correlations. However, this approach appears inappropriate since travel times on successive links are essentially dependent along signalized arterials. In this study, a copula-based approach is proposed to model arterial TTD by accounting for spatial link correlations. First, TTDs on consecutive links along one arterial in Hangzhou, China are investigated. Link TTDs are estimated through the nonparametric kernel smoothing method. Link correlations are analyzed in both unfavorable and favorable coordination cases. Then, Gaussian copula models are introduced to model the dependent structure between link TTDs. The parameters of Gaussian copula are obtained by Maximum-Likelihood Estimation (MLE). Next, path TTDs covering consecutive links are estimated based on the estimated copula models. The results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed copula-based approach, compared with the convolution without capturing link correlations and the empirical distribution fitting methods in both unfavorable and favorable coordination cases. 相似文献
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Recent studies have confirmed that travelers consider travel time reliability in addition to average travel time when making route choice decisions. In this study, we develop a bi-objective routing model that seeks to simultaneously optimize the average travel time and travel time reliability. The semi-standard deviation (SSD) is chosen as the reliability measure because it reflects travelers' concerns over longer travel time better than the commonly used standard deviation. The Pareto-optimal solutions to the bi-objective model are found by using an improved strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm. Tests on a real-world urban network with field measured travel time data have demonstrated good performance of the algorithm in the aspects, such as computational efficiency, quick convergence, and closeness to the global Pareto-optimal. Overall, the bi-objective routing model generates reasonable path recommendations. The SSD-based model is sensitive to the asymmetry of travel time distribution and tends to avoid paths with excessively long delays. This would be particularly helpful to those users placing high values on travel time reliability. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTConventional travel time reliability assessment has evolved from road segments to the route level. However, a connection between origin and destination usually consists of multiple routes, thereby providing the option to choose. Having alternatives can compensate for the deterioration of a single route; therefore, this study assesses the reliability and quality of the aggregate of the route set of an origin-destination (OD) pair. This paper proposes two aggregation methods for analyzing the reliability of travel times on the OD level: 1) an adapted Logsum method and 2) a route choice model. The first method analyzes reliability from a network perspective and the second method is based on the reliability as perceived by a traveler choosing his route from the available alternatives. A case study using detailed data on actual travel times illustrates both methods and shows the impact of having variable departure times and the impact of information strategies on travel time reliability. 相似文献
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Travel time reliability, an essential factor in traveler route and departure time decisions, serves as an important quality of service measure for dynamic transportation systems. This article investigates a fundamental problem of quantifying travel time variability from its root sources: stochastic capacity and demand variations that follow commonly used log-normal distributions. A volume-to-capacity ratio-based travel time function and a point queue model are used to demonstrate how day-to-day travel time variability can be explained from the underlying demand and capacity variations. One important finding is that closed-form solutions can be derived to formulate travel time variations as a function of random demand/capacity distributions, but there are certain cases in which a closed-form expression does not exist and numerical approximation methods are required. This article also uses probabilistic capacity reduction information to estimate time-dependent travel time variability distributions under conditions of non-recurring traffic congestion. The proposed models provide theoretically rigorous and practically useful tools for understanding the causes of travel time unreliability and evaluating the system-wide benefit of reducing demand and capacity variability. 相似文献
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The decision making of travelers for route choice and departure time choice depends on the expected travel time and its reliability. A common understanding of reliability is that it is related to several statistical properties of the travel time distribution, especially to the standard deviation of the travel time and also to the skewness. For an important corridor in Changsha (P.R. China) the travel time reliability has been evaluated and a linear model is proposed for the relationship between travel time, standard deviation, skewness, and some other traffic characteristics. Statistical analysis is done for both simulation data from a delay distribution model and for real life data from automated number plate recognition (ANPR) cameras. ANPR data give unbiased travel time data, which is more representative than probe vehicles. The relationship between the mean travel time and its standard deviation is verified with an analytical model for travel time distributions as well as with the ANPR travel times. Average travel time and the standard deviation are linearly correlated for single links as well as corridors. Other influence factors are related to skewness and travel time standard deviations, such as vehicle density and degree of saturation. Skewness appears to be less well to explain from traffic characteristics than the standard deviation is. 相似文献
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公交站间行程时间具有明显的时段分布特征,且公交车辆是典型的时空过程对象,其运行具有状态转移性。为了准确预测公交站间行程时间,在应用马尔科夫链预测公交站间行程时间基础上提出其改进算法。通过大量公交GPS数据构造不同时段下具体线路站间行程时间的马尔科夫状态转移矩阵,并对站间行程时间进行状态推导,采用移动误差补偿法对马尔科夫预测值进行动态修正,改进原有的马尔科夫预测算法。以广州市BRT线路B1的实际运行数据对算法进行了验证,结果表明,移动误差补偿改进算法优于基本马尔科夫算法及 BP模型,同时该改进算法还具有实现过程较简单。 相似文献
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ABSTRACTIn this article, we propose a new model called subjective-utility travel time budget (SU-TTB) model to capture travelers' risk-averse route choices. In the travel time budget (TTB) and mean-excess travel time (METT) model, a predefined confidence level is needed to capture the risk-aversion in route choice. Due to the day-to-day route travel time variations, the exact confidence level is hard to be predicted. With the SU-TTB model, we assume travelers' confidence level belongs to an interval that they may comply with in the route choice. The two main components of SU-TTB are the utility function and the TTB model. We can show that the SU-TTB can be reduced to the TTB and METT model with proper utility function for the confidence levels. We can also prove its equivalence with our recently proposed nonlinear-expectation route travel time (NERTT) model in some cases and give some new interpretation on the NERTT with this equivalence. Finally, we formulate the SU-TTB model as a variational inequality (VI) problem to model the risk-averse user equilibrium (RAUE), termed as generalized RAUE (GRAUE). The GRAUE is solved via a heuristic gradient projection algorithm, and the model and solution algorithm are demonstrated with the Braess's traffic network and the Nguyen and Dupuis's traffic network. 相似文献
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Day-to-day variation in the travel times of congested urban transportation networks is a frustrating phenomenon to the users of these networks. These users look pessimistically at the path travel times, and learn to spend additional time to safeguard against serious penalties that await late arrivals at the destinations. These additional expenses are charges similar to the tolls in system equilibrium flow problem, but may not be collected. With this conjecture, the user equilibrium (UE) formulation of congested network flow problem would lack some necessary factors in addressing appropriate path choices. This study, following a previous work proposing pessimistic UE (PUE) flow, aims to show how to measure this additional travel cost for a link, and investigates how different is PUE from UE, and when such differences are pronounced. Data are collected from the peak-hour travel times for the links of paths in the city of Tehran, to estimate the variance of travel times for typical links. Deterministic functions are obtained by calibrating the standard deviation of the daily variations of link travel times, and probabilistic functions by the technique of copula. UE and PUE traffic assignment models are built and applied to three large cities of Mashhad, Shiraz, and Tehran in Iran. The results show that the estimated flows by PUE model replicate the observed flows in screen lines much better than the UE model, particularly for longer trips. Since PUE is computationally equivalent to UE, this improvement is attained virtually at no cost. 相似文献
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以经济、人口、车辆保有和广义出行时间为基本变量,采用回归分析方法建立交通生成预测模型,从而在交通生成阶段中考虑了交通出行条件改善的影响,将交通生成预测和诱增交通预测两者结合,既考虑了社会经济对交通的决定作用,又考虑了交通供给对交通生成的反作用。模型应用于江苏省高速公路网规划实践,结果表明,模型能够反映不同地区经济、人口、车辆保有以及交通条件等因素对各地区交通生成特性的差异,并且具有实用、精度高、可操作性强的特点。 相似文献
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