Developing a marine engineering centre of excellence for competency-based training

Institutes imparting training in marine engineering require replication of shipboard ambience for strengthening the competencies. For building an engineering centre for training, five options at different physical levels were considered based on a model of a new liquefied natural gas tanker ship build. A mock-up facility, simulator, full-scale engine room, scaled down version and a combination arrangement with live and dummy equipment were the options. Analytic hierarchy process was applied for selecting a suitable option based on criteria of cost, effectiveness in attaining competencies, practicability and environmental conduciveness. Analyses were carried out on the eigenvalues based on eight subselection criteria. The combination of live equipment (boilers and turbo alternator) and non-live shipboard equipment (auxiliaries) was chosen based on the global weightages obtained from the pairwise comparison matrix computations. The reliability was ascertained from the consistency index which was less than 0.1. For selection of the learning modes and the equipment, a constructivist approach of learners reflecting and choosing the learning mode was adopted. Industry practitioners were made into learner groups composed of trainers, shipboard personnel and company personnel. Established competencies were assigned as scores to the different learning modes. ANOVA application and statistical methods were used to analyse the scores to verify if there were too much variation in the choices. The calculated F ratio values were low (0.14 to 0.40) compared to the reference values indicating that the choices were even. The chi-squared test indicated that the group composition did have an influence on choosing the learning mode and equipment for training. The objective of identifying the learning mode and equipment for the training centre was achieved.     

The Role of Spatial Data Management Strategies in ICZM in Ireland

This article explores how a fresh approach to integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) in Ireland might be forged through the identification of a number of key innovative cross-sectoral professional initiatives and interdisciplinary academic thinking in this sector. It includes three interlinked research themes that assess existing cross-sectoral data management issues (to include an assessment of readiness for the INSPIRE and compliance with the Re-use of Public Sector Information European Union Directives), the degree of cross-pollination between the various sectors involved in managing the Irish Coastal Zone (to identify the need (or otherwise) for capacity- building to encourage cross-fertilization of ideas, skills, and knowledge exchange), and cross-professional competencies (to assess the desire/need (if any) for those working in coastal zone management to add to their existing competencies through continuous professional development or lifelong learning opportunities). Indeed, the specific competencies for coastal practitioners are identified here and these further illustrate the need for professional recognition of the role, responsibilities, and therefore the requirement for an appropriately qualified “Coastal Manager” professional, one that is seen not merely as a nicety but rather a necessity—a core enabler in any future innovative and integrative management approach.     

基于ECDIS和AIS的船舶综合信息服务系统的开发

阐述了开发基于ECDIS和AIS的船舶综合信息服务系统的必要性,以海上交通工程理论和用户需求为依据设计了该系统的拓扑结构和功能结构,在此基础上进一步介绍了AIS数据采集子系统、ECDIS子系统、数据分析及实时查询子系统、系统管理子系统、日志/监控子系统,详细论述了数据传输、数据库与数据仓库、信息显示和显示控制等关键技术。该系统的实施为航运企业、海事主管机关、研究机构提供了一个综合信息平台,实践证明该系统具有良好的实用性和广阔的应用前景。     

A quantitative risk analysis by using interval type-2 fuzzy FMEA approach: the case of oil spill

ABSTRACT

Risk assessment in maritime domain is one of the most cited topics since maritime transportation poses potential hazard for human life, marine environment and property. To mitigate risk and enhance safety awareness in maritime transportation, safety researchers have been seeking proactive solutions. This article prompts a quantitative risk-based approach combining interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2FSs) with failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) to perform a comprehensive risk analysis. Thus, potential failure modes and their effects are revealed by calculating risk prioritisation numbers (RPNs). Whilst the FMEA method provides a robust risk analysing tool with relevant control options, the IT2FSs deals with ambiguity and vagueness of linguistic assessment of decision-makers through the FMEA. Hence, expert’s linguistic assessment in risk assessment can be transformed into useful information in terms of enhancing safety and pollution prevention in maritime industry. To demonstrate the proposed approach, potential failures and effects of a real shipboard oil spill case are handled. The findings show that incomplete information exchanged with local maritime authorities, malfunction of oil skimmer and poor organization of shoreline clean-up team are the most important failures during case of oil spill. The proposed approach provides not only theoretical insight into the maritime transportation industry but also practical contributions to chemical/oil tanker safety and environmental protection by mitigating risk in terms of technical or operational aspects.     

Learning to navigate: the centrality of instructions and assessments for developing students’ professional competencies in simulator-based training

Despite the promises of simulations to contribute to learning in safe-critical domains, research suggests that simulators are poorly implemented in maritime education and training systems. From the current state of research, it is far from evident how instruction in simulator-based should be designed and how skills trained in bridge simulators should be assessed and connected to professional practice. On this background, this article aims to investigate the role of instructions and assessments for developing students’ professional competencies in simulation-based learning environments. The research draws on ethnographic fieldwork and detailed analyses of video-recorded data to examine how maritime instructors make use of simulator technologies in a navigation course. Our results reveal an instructional practice in which the need to account for general principles of good seamanship and anti-collision regulations is at the core of basic navigation training. The meanings of good seamanship and the rules of the sea are hard to teach in abstraction because their application relies on an infinite number of contingencies that have to be accounted for in every specific case. Based on this premise, we stress the importance of instructional support throughout training (from briefing thorough scenario to debriefing) in order for the instructor to bridge theory and practice in ways that develop students’ competencies. Our results highlight, in detail, how simulator technologies enable displaying and assessing such competencies by supporting instructors to continuously monitor, assess, and provide feedback to the students during training sessions. Moreover, our results show how simulator-based training is related to the work conditions on board a seagoing vessel through the instructor’s systematic accomplishments. Finally, our results highlight the close relationship between technical and non-technical skills in navigation, and how these are intertwined in training for everyday maritime operations.     

大管轮适任评估中的增压器实操分析——以IHI-VTR161-2增压器为例

为达到实操教学效果,满足海事局的评估要求,针对大管轮动力设备拆装适任评估中,增压器的拆装、检查、测量中经常出现的问题,在调研的基础上,结合实际工作经验,以IHI-VTR161-2增压器为例总结归纳增压器拆装评估项目拆装检查要点及注意事项。     

综合安全评价在船舶动力装置中的应用

综合安全评价（FSA）是一种在工程技术与工程运行管理中用于制定合理可行的规则和提供风险控制的综合性、结构化和系统性的分析方法，将FSA引入到船舶动力装置的安全评价中，是对船舶安全评价的一次尝试，按照综合安全评价的五个步骤对影响船舶动力装置安全的因素进行了分析评价。具体应用时，使用故障树分析法以拉缸故障为实例做了定性和定量分析，根据评价结果提出了相应的安全管理措施，为船舶轮机人员及管理人员提供参考。     

模糊神经网络在船舶电力推进系统状态评估中的应用

船舶电力推进系统状态评估是状态检修的前提和基础,建立科学、全面、合理的评估指标体系,选择合适的评估方法,并最终开发切实可行的状态评估系统是船舶电力推进系统状态评估的必要步骤。提出船舶电力推进系统状态评估的流程、基于模糊神经网络的船舶电力推进系统状态评估模型和具体评估步骤,结合船舶电力推进系统的实船运行数据进行状态评估模型仿真试验。仿真试验结果表明,模糊神经网络方法应用于船舶电力推进系统的状态评估具有一定的准确性。     

海员胜任力结构及其评价标准初步研究

对129名海员进行了5项6个心理指标的测试。通过专家咨询法确定海员胜任力检测指标体系的权重系数，构建了海员胜任力特征结构模型与综合评价模型。提出了40岁以下和以上年龄海员的胜任力评价标准。     

DP系统设计流程及标准化方案

随着深水海洋工程技术的不断发展,出于安全和操作需求,DP系统在海洋工程项目上得到广泛应用。为提高DP设计的可靠性和高效性,从规范和行业领先的供应商系统方案出发,深入研究对比各等级DP的系统配置,结合实际应用经验,总结并给出标准化设计方案。     

BIM技术在海洋工程可视化仿真中的应用

为加强海洋工程可视化仿真系统的开发及应用,提出基于BIM的可视化仿真方法,构造了海洋工程的三维数字模型。以BIM技术在海洋工程管路系统碰撞检查的应用为突破口,提出BIM技术在海洋工程实施的具体方案,为此类工程应用提供参考。     

基于改进深度学习算法的船舶柴油机故障诊断技术

随着数据挖掘技术的发展,深度置信网络(DBN)这类深度学习算法被越来越多运用到工程领域。在故障诊断领域,结合DBN强大的自适应特征提取和非线性映射能力,可以摆脱以往对专家经验的依赖。基于此,本文为有效地监测柴油机气缸运行状态,提出一种基于改进深度学习算法的船舶柴油机故障诊断技术。先将原始信号的频域形式输入DBN当中,采用蚱蜢优化算法(GOA)搜索DBN的最优参数组合,并建立起最佳的柴油机气缸故障诊断模型。经测试验证,本文提出的诊断模型能够准确识别柴油机气缸运行状态并进行故障诊断,诊断率可以达到99.5%以上,具有较好的工程实用价值。     

Seafarers’ perceptions of competency in risk assessment and management: an empirical study

Past analysis of accident investigations suggest an absence of or inadequate practices of risk assessment and management on board vessels. Although the International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention (ISM Code) requires that the risk management process must not only be correctly formulated and implemented but also be periodically evaluated in order to verify that these objectives are attained, the correct and effective implementation and application of the process cannot be achieved without active involvement of competent seafarers on board. Due to the limited investigation of seafarers’ competencies in risk management, the reasons for the inadequacies in the process that are leading to accidents were not evident. Hence, using a survey, this paper conducted a pilot study investigating seafarers’ perceptions of competency in the various components of the risk management process conducted on board vessels. The findings of this paper suggest an overall satisfaction with the risk assessment process. However, there is certainly room for improvement as far as seafarers’ performance is concerned. The findings of this paper provided valuable insights into the current training regimes in the area of risk assessment and management paving the way towards enhanced safety procedures on board vessels.     

Arctic shipping scenarios and coastal state challenges

The Arctic Council, an intergovernmental forum of the eight Arctic states, is currently embarked on a comprehensive assessment of Arctic marine activity in the 21^st century — the Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment (AMSA). One of the challenges for theAMSA study team has been to identify the major uncertainties that will be central to shaping the future of Arctic marine use in 2020 and 2050. Using scenario planning, AMSA has identified two primary drivers and uncertainties: (A) Resources and trade; and, (B) Governance. Four scenario narratives have been developed with these two, key uncertainties as the framework elements. The main arguments focus on the fact the Arctic has experienced globalization early in the century and that the global maritime industry has already ventured into the Arctic Ocean. Marine access in the Arctic Ocean is also changing in unprecedented ways and the extraordinary transformation Arctic sea ice is undergoing — thinning, extent reduction, and a reduction in the area of multiyear ice in the central ocean — has significant implications for longer seasons of navigation. However, the high prices of global commodities such as oil, gas, and hard minerals (for example, copper, nickel and zinc) have generated high levels of demand for Arctic natural resources. The Arctic states are challenged by an overall lack of maritime infrastructure to adequately support current and future levels of Arctic marine operations; ports, communications, environmental monitoring, search & rescue, incident response, aids to navigation, and coastal charting, to name a few, require substantial and timely investment by the coastal states and marine operators. A second challenge is the ongoing development of an integrated system of rules and regulations governing Arctic navigation that will enhance marine safety and ensure marine environmental protection throughout the basin. These challenges will require historic levels of cooperation among the Arctic states and broad engagement with the many, non-Arctic stakeholders and actors within the global maritime industry.     

面向海工生产调度问题的多智能体求解系统

设计面向海工项目多主体协商生产调度问题的多智能体求解系统架构,明确海工生产调度多智能体系统的协商机制和冲突消解策略,为问题的求解提供基础保障。此外,为增强智能体的推理决策能力,提高问题求解效率和求解精度,基于分层强化学习理论提出面向海工生产调度问题求解的学习模型与多智能体系统学习机制。在此基础上,开发面向海工生产调度问题的多智能体求解原型系统,进行实例验证,为在海工企业中进行实际应用提供可能。     

The application of reliability methods in the design of tophat stiffened composite panels under in-plane loading

Composite materials have been widely used in modern engineering fields such as aircraft, space and marine structures due to their high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios. However, structural efficiency gained through the adoption of composite materials can only be guaranteed by understanding the influence of production upon as-designed performance. In particular, topologies that are challenging to production including panels stiffened with pi or tophat stiffeners dominate many engineering applications and often observe complex loading. The design of stiffened composite panels against buckling is a key point of composite structures. While a growing number of studies are related to the reliability analysis of composites few of these relate to the local analysis of more complicated structures. Furthermore for the assessment of these structures in a design environment it is important to have models that allow the rapid assessment of the reliability of these local structures. This paper explores the use of a stochastic approach to the design of stiffened composite panels for which typical applications can be found in composite ship structures. A parametric study is conducted using Navier grillage theory and First-order Reliability Methods to investigate any detectable trend in the safety index with various design parameters. Finally, recommendations are made to provide guidance on applications.     

海上勘察作业中安全生产规范化管理的探讨

勘察设计单位安全生产工作具有项目工种和设备种类多、作业环境复杂、人员轮换频繁等特点,实行安全生产的标准化管理具有重要意义.从海上勘察作业的条件和基本组织形式出发,分析海上勘察作业在安全生产方面存在的主要问题;根据影响安全生产的关键环节理论,提出安全生产规范化管理的系统性对策.     

Optimum throughput and performance evaluation of marine terminals

The performance of marine terminals has generally been evaluated by comparing their actual throughputs with their optimum throughputs. The engineering approach that generally has been used to determine optimum throughputs may be appropriate when terminals have natural hinterlands. In a deregulated (competitive) environment in which the natural hinterlands of marine terminals have become diffused, the economic approach for determining optimum throughputs should be condiered. In such an environment, marine terminals are not only concerned with whether they can handle a given amount of cargo but also whether they can compete for such cargo.     

船用推进变频调速装置保护技术研究

推进变频调速装置是船用电力推进系统关键组成部分,一旦损坏不能正常运行,将导致全船整个推进系统瘫痪,失去前进动力。基于推进变频调速装置在船用电力推进系统中的重要使命,本文针对船用变频调速装置可能存在的故障类型进行了分析,提出了相应故障类型的保护要求,给出了保护方法,并对关键保护技术进行了试验验证。试验结果满足设计要求,证明了保护方法的可实现与有效,提高了船用动力系统的可靠性,具有较高的理论研究价值和工程应用价值。     

Integrating Naval Aviation Maintenance Training with Sailors' Proficiency Qualification and Its Correlation with Improved Weapon System Readiness

A core role for human systems integration is providing support of weapon systems operational effectiveness with optimal human performance (HP). When applied to the readiness of an aviation squadron, this focus on enhanced operational HP translates into ensuring that highly trained and proficient maintenance technicians are resident in these warfighting units. A key objective of the Naval Aviation Enterprise (NAE) Total Force Readiness program is to bridge Core Capabilities to Missions. This is accomplished through the linking of Navy Mission Essential Task Lists (NMETLs) to Skill Sets and Performance Standards for its future workforce. These goals can be accomplished from Initial Development to Deployment of a weapons system through its operational and support phases of the Department of Defense acquisition process using a mission/task-centric approach to Manpower, Personnel, and Training (MPT) requirements, with NMETLs as the operational thread. This paper will describe a life-cycle MPT analytic environment with its task-level links to systems and human engineering disciplines. A systematic approach to accessing and training a proficient maintenance workforce is presented, focusing on task-based maintenance training solutions for optimal unit readiness and mission capabilities. An innovative analytic framework from various skills-based manpower analysis studies will be cited as a means to transform system and unit MPT performance for Total Force Readiness. Enhanced by a Qualified and Proficient Technician methodology, a capability (missions) and competency (proficient) future workforce with skills-efficient maintainers will be best suited to achieving optimal readiness of weapons systems within the NAE.