Foreland-based regionalization: Integrating intermediate hubs with port hinterlands

Development and changes in port hinterlands have received considerable attention as they represent substantial opportunities to improve the efficiency of global freight distributions. Port regionalization was a concept brought forward by Notteboom and Rodrigue (2005) to articulate the emerging port hinterland dynamics in light of containerization, supply chain management and the setting of inland terminals. This paper expands this concept by focusing on a particular dimension of the regionalization paradigm concerning the evolving role of intermediate hubs. It is argued that, in addition to hinterland-based regionalization, there is also a foreland-based regionalization where intermediate hubs capture a maritime hinterland. This intensity and viability of processes of foreland-based regionalization depend on multiple geographical, technical and market-related factors, and this paper identifies and analyzes these underlying parameters. By doing so, it assesses whether foreland-based regionalization is simply a transitional phase in port development or, alternatively, represents emerging functional characteristics of contemporary freight distributions.     

A three-dimensional risk management model of port logistics for hazardous goods

ABSTRACT

Ports are the distribution centers of hazardous goods in the global transportation system. Once hazardous goods accidents occur in ports, they may cause catastrophic losses to humans and the environment. This research investigates the port logistics risks of hazardous goods and provides an overview of port logistics regarding hazardous goods risks. With this investigation, we conducted a detailed analysis of the underlying causes of the port logistics accidents related to hazardous goods. To manage these risks, this article proposes a three-dimensional risk management model that includes human, governance and goods and provides a risk level identification framework for port hazardous goods logistics. Applying the three-dimensional risk management model, we use the Tianjin port explosion as a case study. Finally, we provide several potential preventative measures to prevent such accidents. The findings of this article contribute to the implementation and monitoring of port strategies that will allow for more sustainable and secure development.     

循环经济在港口环境保护工作中的拓展

从"循环经济"理念的拓展入手,分析了港口项目环保工作中涉及"循环经济"的不同层次,提出了港口环境保护工作中"循环经济"的具体落实措施;结合"天津港吹填淤泥造陆实践"等实例,探讨了如何充分发展"循环经济"对港口环境保护工作的促进作用,并对"循环经济"与"港口环境保护"的结合点进行了初步研究。     

广州港船舶污水收集与处理

构建资源节约型、环境友好型的现代化港口,是我国沿海港口在新时期重要发展理念。以优化广州港水生态环境为指向,通过对广州港污水处理设施现状分析,以及未来港口产生的船舶污水量的预测,提出适宜广州港的船舶污水收集及处理方案。     

从历史维度分析海运贸易全球化对世界港口城市体系的影响

15世纪源于欧洲重商主义的地理大发现与殖民地运动,开启了海运贸易全球化的时代,对近代世界城市与港口的空间结构形成与演变产生了深刻的影响,其效应仍在被时间不断放大。从历史维度对各洲大陆在殖民地运动与海运贸易全球化驱动下港口—城市体系的发展特征进行宏观比较分析,为理解当今世界港口与城市发展格局提供一个全球视野的概念框架。     

Revisiting port pricing; a proposal for seven port pricing principles

A review of seven large landlord port authorities around the world reveals a notable diversity of pricing structures. While port authorities increasingly act as commercial undertakings, port pricing often seems to be not driven by commercial considerations. In this paper, we argue that ports can be regarded as “business ecosystems” with multiple users. This provides a valuable perspective on pricing and raises the question of whether ports can be regarded as two-sided markets. We argue this is not the case. The business ecosystem perspective provides a basis for deducing seven pricing principles for port authorities that are detailed in the paper and illustrated with cases these principles. These pricing principles are broadly follow a direct user pays approach; capture value from “non-core” tenants; price aggressively for activities with a high strategic value; differentiate pricing based on price elasticity and connectivity improvements; maximize revenue from long-term lease agreements, price port dues competitively; critically consider differentiation of charges based on environmental performance; and finally use incentives to align interests of terminal operators and shipping lines. We conclude that the ecosystem perspective is central to the understanding of pricing decisions of port authorities and that various pricing issues deserve more attention.     

第四代港口概念及特点*

在梳理和总结国内外关于第四代港口的理论和实践研究的基础上,以港口区位和港口功能规划为出发点,对第四代港口的概念和特点进行了界定。认为第四代港口在物理上打破了区位限制,是一个以港口、临港工业区和临港新城为载体的集港口、产业和城市功能为一体的网络港口群;在功能方面,第四代港口提供围绕资源和生产要素的一体化的生产、物流、信息、商贸、金融等服务。对第四代港口概念和特点的深入研究有助于全面认识和理解未来港口的发展方向,对我国港口建设具有重要的现实意义。     

海外水运工程项目实施阶段的安全风险管理

通过巴基斯坦码头工程项目(QICTFAP)HSE(健康、安全、环境)管理中安全风险管理的总结,介绍海外水运工程项目实施阶段的主要安全风险,以及如何通过系统化、规范化的HSE管理降低安全风险,提高项目HSE管理水平,实现项目的HSE目标。     

Hinterland strategies of port authorities: A case study of the port of Barcelona

Port authorities generally focus on the development of the local port area and play a minor role in the development of port hinterlands, whereas shippers, forwarders, barge and rail operators have always been involved in the port-hinterland connection. The increasing importance of intermodal hinterland networks for the competitive position of ports has urged port authorities to become active in the hinterland. This new role has already been suggested by different academics. However, limited empirical evidence exists of port authorities taking stakes in inland terminals or developing transport services. Barcelona, as one of the leading port authorities in this respect, is used as a case study in this paper. The case study provides insight in the components and execution of the hinterland strategy of Barcelona. It shows that the strategy of the port authority of Barcelona and the consequent active involvement in the hinterland has had a significant impact on attracting container volumes from distant hinterlands and improving the accessibility of the port.     

Activities,resources and inter-organizational relationships: key factors in port competitiveness

In the last decade, the port economics literature has given great emphasis to the Supply Chain Management approach as the new paradigm for the definition of port competitiveness. SCM supports the development of partnerships between the actors of the supply chain and considers the integration of activities and resources along business processes as source of competitive advantage. Nevertheless, the application of SCM approach to the port is particularly compiex given the traditional hostile relationships between port actors. In the effort to overcome such complexity, some authors have considered ports as Logistics Service Providers and interpreted their role within supply chains through the integrative practices undertaken by Global Players–mainly Shipping Companies and Terminal Operators–in the supply of integrated logistics services. Even tough these actors are crucial for the port competitiveness, they determine a passive role of port in the new competitive scenario. The definition of a potential and pro-active role of port in the supply chains is the objective of this paper that presents, through a literature review on SCM and port competitiveness, a new framework for port competitiveness. According to this framework, that is based on the value constellation concept value is generated by joint effort of port actors in the satisfaction of clients' needs, through the exploitation of different I mterdependencies (serial, pooled and reciprocal) between supply chains. In this context, Port Authority has a I fundamental role in identifying those resources–the so called critical assets–that encourage the development of inter-organisational relationships between port actors in the value generation process.     

云浮港总体规划

云浮港属于典型的山区型内河港口。通过对云浮港现状特点及存在问题进行分析研究,提出云浮港总体规划的思路及措施,从而研究云浮港空间布局规划方案,为同类型港口的规划工作提供借鉴。     

海外港口工程测量风险防控

为防范海外港口工程测量的多种潜在风险,以海外测量项目为背景,总结海外测量项目的主要风险源,并重点 介绍测量标准、控制测量起算资料及测量设备等因素所引发的技术风险。通过原理阐述、横向比较和案例分析,系统阐明 在海外港口测量项目中面临相关问题时所采取的办法以及相应的防控措施, 旨在为从事海外工程测量的技术人员提供借鉴。     

Types of cluster adaptation to climate change. Lessons from the port and logistics sector of Northwest Germany

In this article, we argue that sectoral adaptation efforts to climate change, e.g. of the ports sector, are also struggles to reshape economic space according to sectoral needs. Addressing globalisation, the effects on economic spatial hierarchies among regions and the active promotion of regionalisation are seen as important. Applied to the port industry, this allows approaching the fierce competition among European north range ports from an action- and power-oriented perspective. Climate adaptation of ports is predominantly referred to as technical responses to extreme events (e.g. coastal protection). A differentiated conceptualisation (based on still ongoing research), however, also addresses impacts on specific elements of the transport chain, and effects on the spatial function of a port (e.g. the changing competitiveness within the European port system). Hence, the ability of a specific port to adapt will also encompass the management of regional target conflicts, and of multi-level relations. Thus, climate adaptation becomes part of positional struggles in spatial hierarchies among regions and of conflicts about political priorities within them. At the same time, the limits of exclusively regional approaches in addressing sustainability issues without higher level support become evident. The article gives an overview of the literature on climate adaptation and its application to ports and provides a preliminary typology of forms of sectoral adaptation to climate change.     

港口物流指数的编制初探

从物流、港口、港口物流的概念入手,分析了影响港口物流指数的诸因素并由此建立了港口物流发展水平指标体系。运用主成分分析法对港口物流发展水平进行了分析,并得出了港口物流指数,。     

广州内河港总体规划

广州内河港属于典型的海运供应链末端型港口。以广州内河港总体规划研究为例,探讨末端型内河港空间布局特征及规划思路,为同类型港口的规划工作提供参考借鉴。     

Analysis of container port policy by the reaction of an equilibrium shipping market

In the competitive container cargo transportation market, shipping companies are drastically changing their strategy vis-a-vis routing and port choice by the formation of global alliances. In such a situation, the effectiveness of port management policy in persuading container liners to use the port is most important. The paper discusses port management policy in an equilibrium shipping market. A model is proposed to simulate the flow of foreign trade container cargo using game theory. It is used to explain the interaction of port management policy, shipping companies and shippers.     

福州港平潭港区总体规划关键技术

通过对平潭港区功能定位、吞吐量发展水平预测、起步工程选择等关键技术方案分析,提出在新建港区——平潭港区规划中解决关键问题的新思路和新方法,为类似港口规划工作提供参考。     

港口工程船舶污染环境风险与评估

船舶水上运输在促进经济发展的同时带来较高的污染风险。通过介绍广州港某石化码头工程船舶污染环境风险评估的事故风险识别、项源分析和影响预测几个环节,指出此类工程风险评估的难点,提出试行船舶污染海洋环境风险评价技术规范需要完善的建议。     

Influence of local government on port investment: implications of China’s decentralized port governance system

ABSTRACT

The pursuit of better performance by the local government can influence the investment decision-making related to port expansion. This paper compares the ceilings at which the port enterprise and the local government would stop making investments. To achieve this, the benefits to the port enterprise and the local government are measured over a given time period. An empirical study investigating how a port would respond if a rival port uses a type of capacity investment strategy is conducted for two major ports in Liaoning. The time at which the local government and the port enterprise would stop making investments and the final equilibrium are developed using the data from 2010. From the empirical results, it was found that investment in port capacity contributes greatly to the local government’s performance. Meanwhile, different investment ceilings are discovered for the port enterprise and the local government. This research is meaningful for discussing the institutional relationship between the local government and the port enterprise in China’s current decentralized port governance system.

This paper is a revised and expanded version of a paper entitled ‘Port expansion mechanism in the context of political achievement of local government: a special phenomenon in China’ presented at International Association of Maritime Economists 2012 Taipei Conference during 5th September –8th September.     

Regional governance of port development in China: a case study of Shanghai International Shipping Center

When China enters the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and becomes more involved in the global economy, her major seaports will be pivotal places where the international shipping and terminal operators interact, conflict and co-operate with the local and the central governments. To demonstrate and understand these interactions, this article analyzes the case of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), where the competition, co-operation and governance of Shanghai and Ningbo, the two largest ports on Chinese mainland, concern all stakeholders from the central and local governments of China to the container terminal operators and shipping lines overseas.

This paper first develops a conceptual framework for analyzing port development in a regional context. The article then introduces the case of the Shanghai International Shipping Center with a focus on the efforts of the Shanghai Government to establish a regional hub port, which also involves two nearby provinces. This case study reveals the course of the decision-making processes and the power networks currently governing the port development in the YRD. Two domains of port governance are discussed: the role of port authorities in port internal governance, and the crucial influences of local and central governments on the port external governance. It provides evidence that the power of shipping lines and international terminal operators are not as prevalent as in many ports in western countries. It is suggested that the lack of good regional port governance in the region is due to structural problems in administration.