轮迹路面设计与施工技术研究

本篇依托《轮迹路面设计与施工技术研究》项目,分析了农村公路选择轮迹道路的适应性和依据,介绍了水泥混凝土轮迹路面设计方法、轮迹路面典型结构型式、轮迹路面的施工工艺及控制标准,编制了《轮迹路面设计与施工技术指南》,同时对轮迹路面的经济性进行了分析,为加快我国农村公路建设的步伐和加速农村经济的可持续发展提供了有益的技术支持。     

我国民用机场等级分布的合理性分析

民用机场等级的确定是机场规划中的重要课题,为寻求我国机场等级分布量化模型,引入最大信息熵原理,它能有效地选择合理分布。通过对中美两国机场分类的熵值分析,发现基于机场客流量分类的两国机场分布具有几乎相同的熵值。以该熵值对应的机场分布作为合理分布,对我国已有机场等级进行评判,结果表明我国机场等级偏高。最后运用与熵值对应的合理机场分布,来确定我国未来不同等级机场的数量,得出应全力发展支线机场的结论。     

机场航班地面保障数据质量校验研究

近年来,国内机场的规模和业务量日益扩大,在运营过程中产生大量的航班地面保障数据。由于数据质量管理不完善,机场记录的航班地面保障数据存在缺失、错误等质量问题,进而影响机场的运营决策,也不利于对数据的挖掘。本文根据国内某机场航班地面保障数据质量校验需求和保障业务,设计数据质量校验指标及各指标的表达式。同时,基于IBM ODM运营决策平台实现航班地面保障数据质量校验系统,可以对机场的数据质量问题进行校验,从而推进大型机场数据质量管理的系统化。     

关于ADS-B监视技术在通用航空服务中应用的研究 ——以河南省某通用机场为例

ADS-B是一种新的监控技术,在国外和国内的航空运输中被证明并应用于航空运输,但验证通航的控制权更少.这篇文章研究了机场航路监控中的ADS-B监控技术,提出了一系列的解决方案,并在河南省某通用机场进行了ADS-B应用测试,监控效果极佳,从而提升了飞行的安全,这为开展ADS-B监控活动提供了重要的技术支持.     

长三角国家级临空经济示范区航空物流效率评价

为了加快长三角地区实现交通运输一体化发展，建立长三角临空经济区联盟，打造未来世界级别机场群。本文针对2018年长三角地区国家级临空经济示范区航空物流效率，采用三阶段DEA模型进行横向对比测算，实证结果显示，作为国内主要的航空货运枢纽区域，长三角国家级临空经济示范区中杭州和南京均处于DEA有效，宁波航空物流处在增长阶段，上海虹桥航空物流需要转型升级，协调上海两机场功能定位。最后从加强机场管理与资源配置、航空物流新业态融合与政策支持、发挥长三角空港示范作用与发展高质量航空物流三方面给出了对策建议。     

北京新机场设计方案简述

一个高效的机场得有一个简单的流程、一套高效的行李系统,建筑物使用通道式结构,易于建造而且成本低,各种区域由标准化模块组成,建筑物应充分利用自然光,国际旅客与国内旅客分开运行,人与车、人与飞机,飞机与车、飞机与飞机之间不交叉,按照这几个基本目标,这里制作的具有一定创新力的北京新机场设计方案,能解决目前世界上大型机场存在的顽疾,实现大型机场的顺畅、大容量流通,特别是一对一智能行李系统。     

标准汽车荷载下路面层关键位置的变形及内力研究

文章通过分析有限长梁、无限长梁与路面板在标准汽车荷载下轮隙中点、轮迹中点与轮迹内外边缘点等关键位置处的弯沉、弯矩及剪力变化,探讨目前按轮隙中点处弯沉进行路面设计的适用范围及不安全性,并提出了路面设计的双指标建议。     

基于机场竞争的区域机场航空客运量预测

机场航空客运量预测是确定机场建设规模、等级及换乘衔接布局的主要依据,也是机场总体规划的前期工作。随着我国城市群的快速发展,区域内各机场之间相互竞争的态势越来越明显。本文综合考虑区域内枢纽机场布局和竞争力,建立机场航空市场占有率预测模型,用于各腹地城市机场航空客运量预测;结合禄口机场的历史数据,进行实例分析。本文提出的预测方法对国内机场航空客运量预测工作具有借鉴意义。     

我国民用运输机场体系发展结构特征研究

本文采用我国民用运输机场发展历史数据,定量分析我国历年机场旅客吞吐量、吞吐量比重与累计比重曲线,揭示了我国机场系统发展过程中呈现出的结构性特征,即机场系统中重要的少数机场基本不变,而次要的多数机场不断增加,并将其命名为我国机场系统发展的"10-90"规律。通过对比我国与美国机场系统发展历史与吞吐量累计比重曲线,判断了未来我国机场系统结构的发展变化趋势。"10-90"规律将有助于行业管理者和决策者对机场进行针对性分类管理和制定行业政策。     

高原机场道面除冰雪对策研究

本文结合国内高原机场除冰雪保障现状,通过对高原地区机场道面除冰雪影响因素的分析,在除冰雪方法和除冰雪管理制度上,提出高原机场道面除冰雪建议,为有效开展高原地区机场道面除冰雪工作提供理论依据。     

How to mix per-flight and per-passenger based airport charges

This paper investigates the questions of why carriers advocate for higher per-passenger airport charges and lower per-flight charges, and whether and when this proposal is welfare-enhancing. Specifically, the paper compares the optimal mix of per-flight and per-passenger based airport charges from both a monopoly carriers’ and the social viewpoints conditional on airport cost recovery. It focuses on the trade-off between price and frequency (i.e., schedule delays) when time valuations are uniform, or differ, between business and leisure passengers. We identify an easy test for the evaluation of the mix of per-passenger and per-flight based airport charges by policy makers, which is simply to check whether the carrier’s preferred per-flight charge is zero. Our analysis suggests that there is no need for immediate regulatory corrections of the current trend towards the strong use of per-passenger based airport charges.     

A generic system dynamics based tool for airport terminal performance analysis

Decision making for airport terminal planning, design and operations is a challenging task, since it should consider significant trade-offs regarding alternative operational policies and physical terminal layout concepts. Existing models and tools for airport terminal analysis and performance assessment are too specific (i.e., models of specific airports) or general simulation platforms that require substantial airport modelling effort. In addition, they are either too detailed (i.e., microscopic) or too aggregate (i.e., macroscopic), affecting, respectively, the flexibility of the model to adapt to any airport and the level of accuracy of the results obtained. Therefore, there is a need for a generic decision support tool that will incorporate sufficient level of detail for assessing airport terminal performance. To bridge this gap, a mesoscopic model for airport terminal performance analysis has been developed, that strikes a balance between flexibility and realistic results, adopting a system dynamics approach. The proposed model has a modular architecture and interface, enabling quick and easy model building and providing the capability of being adaptable to the configuration and operational characteristics of a wide spectrum of airport terminals in a user-friendly manner. The capabilities of the proposed model have been demonstrated through the analysis of the Athens International Airport terminal.     

Multiple hub network and high-speed railway: Connectivity,gateway, and airport leakage

This paper considers the relation between the role of airport as gateway (inter–intra transit airport) and the connectivity between air transport and high-speed rail (HSR) transport to discuss the possibility of a multiple gateway system with HSR. We deal with both international and domestic transport markets in the model analysis. In the international markets, only airlines compete against each other, while in the domestic market airlines and HSR compete against each other. The results suggest that the improvement of connectivity between air and HSR at the airport increases its international passengers, and therefore, that strengthens its role as gateway, for example, gathering more inter–intra transit passengers. However, the results also suggest that the demand of the area which the airport belongs to affects the role of airport as gateway.     

Airport taxi service regulation: An analysis of an exclusive contract

Taxi service at a number of major airports is supplied by one taxi company under an exclusive contract with the airport operating authority. Conventional wisdom suggests that airport taxi service produced under exclusive contract is socially inefficient. This was found to be true at the Dallas/Fort Worth Airport. In this paper we analyze the exclusive airport taxi service at Honolulu International Airport as a case study. At Honolulu International Airport, the terms of the exclusive airport taxi service contract are far less restrictive than those at Dallas/Fort Worth. Our analysis indicates that exclusive airport service can provide high quality service, reasonable prices and revenues to finance airport service. We conclude that is not the exclusivity, but rather the terms of the contract and the circumstances specific to each market that determines which system is best for a particular place.     

Research review of air traffic management

As air transport demand keeps growing more quickly than system capacity, efficient and effective management of system capacity becomes essential to the operation of the future global air traffic system. Although research in the past two decades has made significant progress in relevant research fields, e.g. air traffic flow management and airport capacity modelling, research loopholes in air traffic management still exist and links between different research areas are required to enhance the system performance of air traffic management. Hence, the objective of this paper is to review systematically current research in the literature about the issue of air traffic management to prioritize productive research areas. Papers about air traffic management are discussed and categorized into two levels: system and airport. The system level of air transport research includes two main topics: air traffic flow management and airspace research. On the airport level, research topics are: airport capacity, airport facility utilization, aircraft operations in the airport terminal manoeuvring area as well as aircraft ground operations research. Potential research interests to focus on in the future are the integration between airspace capacity and airport capacity, the establishment of airport information systems to use airport capacity better, and the improvement in flight schedule planning to improve the reliability of schedule implementation.     

Development and demonstration of an integrated decision support system for airport performance analysis

Airport decision makers are frequently facing complex decision-making problems related to airport planning, design, and operations. The airport decision-making process is further perplexed by the large number of stakeholders having different, and sometimes conflicting, objectives regarding the assessment of the airport performance. Despite the rich experience in both models and tools for airport performance analysis, existing models and tools address only fragmented parts of the airport decision-making process. At present, airport stakeholders lack models and tools able to provide an integrated view of the total airport processes and analyze the tradeoffs between the various measures of airport effectiveness. The objective of this paper is threefold: (i) to introduce the concept of total airport performance analysis, (ii) to describe the development of a Decision Support System capable of performing integrated airport analysis, and (iii) to demonstrate the capabilities of this Decision Support System by analyzing a real-world airport planning case of the Athens International Airport.     

机场复合道面结构性能综合评价

文章介绍了基于HWD测试数据的机场道面结构性能评价实施方案,阐述了机场复合道面结构的参数反演原理、性能评价指标及流程,并结合华东某机场HWD检测数据,对机场复合道面结构参数反演、ACN-PCN强度评价、结构剩余寿命、结构适应性厚度等评价指标进行了详细分析。     

Light Rail Rapid Transit systems for more sustainable ground accessibility of airports

This paper investigates the potential of Light Rail Rapid Transit (LRRT) to mitigate the environmental and social burden of ground access systems of an airport. This implies, on the one hand, LRRT's capability in mitigating externalities in terms of noise, air pollution/climate change, traffic incidents/accidents and congestion of airport ground access systems and, on the other, the provision of sufficient capacity to accommodate generally increasing volumes of both air passenger and airport employee demand by connecting the airport to its core catchment area. A methodology for assessing the capability of LRRT operating as an airport ground access system is developed. This methodology consists of models to analyze and predict demand and capacity for an LRRT system and models to quantify the externalities of particular airport ground access systems as well as assessing their prospective savings thanks to the introduction of an LRRT system. The methodology is applied to a large European airport – Amsterdam Schiphol (the Netherlands) – using a ‘what-if?’ scenario approach.     

A decision support system for total airport operations management and planning

The airport planning and decision making process exhibits various trade‐offs and complications due to the large number of stakeholders having different, and sometimes conflicting, objectives regarding the assessment of airport performance. As a result, the airport performance assessment necessitates the use of advanced modelling capabilities and decision support systems or tools in order to capture the multifaceted aspects, interests and measures of airport performance like capacity, delays, safety, security, noise and cost‐effectiveness. Presently, airport decision makers lack decision support tools able to provide an integrated view of total airport (both airside and landside) operations and analyse at a reasonable effort and decision‐oriented manner the various trade‐offs involved among different airport performance measures. The objective of this paper is twofold: (i) to describe the decision‐oriented modelling framework and development process of a decision support system for total airport operations management and planning, and (ii) to demonstrate the decision support capabilities and basic modelling functionalities of the proposed system. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Slot misuse phenomena in capacity-constrained airports with seasonal demand: the Greek experience

Abstract

Airport slot misuse disturbs the efficient and continuous operation of capacity-constrained airports, leading to congestion and delay problems. Deviations from the coordinated schedule in regional airport systems that feature seasonal demand and delays in certain peak periods are studied in this article. The Greek airport system is considered as a case study. Deviations are quantified by computing the difference between scheduled and actual aircraft arrival times as well as the hourly slot capacity utilization ratio. Two collective indicators for airport benchmarking are proposed. An in-depth analysis of slot allocation deviations and the delays they cause is carried out for a representative sample of airports that are classified according to the proposed indicators. A brief discussion on potential measures to mitigate slot misuse is also presented.