液舱内三维液体非线性晃荡的数值模拟

晃荡是一种非常复杂的非线性液体流动现象,载液船舶的晃荡问题颇受关注,因为在外界的激励下液舱内会产生剧烈的晃荡现象,巨大的晃荡冲击力会造成结构的破坏.文中建立了三维晃荡数学模型及数值计算模型,借助处理自由表面的VOF(volume of fluid)方法对液舱内液体晃荡的自由表面进行追踪,编制程序实现了液舱内三维液体非线性晃荡的数值模拟,并就三维刚性液舱内粘性液体的自由晃荡和强迫晃荡做了分析,讨论了液体不同粘性系数对晃荡的影响.模拟结果证明了三维晃荡理论的可行性.     

基于Youngs法的液舱大幅晃荡数值模拟

液舱大幅晃荡一直是船舶水动力学研究的热点问题.文章采用Youngs法重构自由表面,给出了自由表面单元的速度边界条件,并且对液体晃荡中出现的流体翻卷、破碎后出现的流体波面的锋-锋相遇的情况进行了分析和讨论.数值模拟结果表明,Youngs法结合适当的自由表面条件,能够较好地模拟液舱内大幅晃荡中出现的翻卷和破碎的现象.     

Level-set法预报液舱内剧烈晃荡引起的冲击压强

基于Level-set法就部分装载液体的液舱内剧烈晃荡引起的冲击压强进行了二维数值计算.为了模拟大幅晃荡引起的冲击压强,重点对数值计算较为敏感的自山液面处的物性参数、初始化方程的求解等进行了,数值处理.通过对某一矩形液舱内的液体晃荡的计算,得到了自由表而位置和压强的时间历经曲线.计算结果同实验值的比较表明:本方法可以用于计算预报大幅晃荡引起的载荷.     

基于VOF法的不同形状液舱晃荡数值模拟

以水下航行器水平液舱内的液体晃荡问题为研究对象,基于VOF方法建立二维水平液舱数值模型,研究不同外部激励对液舱晃荡造成的响应。通过仿真计算2种特殊工况下自由液面的晃荡状态,分析数值仿真模拟和文献结果的误差,证明了模型计算的精确性。在矩形液舱计算的基础上,进一步对和海洋工程实际形状类似的半圆-矩形液舱进行模拟分析。通过计算分析各个影响参数对液舱晃荡的影响,得到压载水舱内的波高历时曲线以及舱壁上某监测点处的压力时间曲线。数值模拟计算的结果误差较小,为减小晃荡对水下航行器的影响提供了理论依据。     

液舱内大幅晃荡引起的压强预报

本文基于流体体积(VOF)法就部分装载液体的液舱内的晃荡压强进行了二维数值计算.为了模拟大幅晃荡引起的冲击压强,重点对数值计算较为敏感的速度边界条件进行了数值处理.通过对某一矩形液舱内的液体晃荡的计算,得到了自由表面位置和压强的时间历经曲线.计算结果同实验值的比较显示:本方法可以用于计算预报大幅晃荡引起的载荷.     

粘性流体晃荡与弹性结构的相互耦合作用

提出了处理粘性流体晃荡与弹性结构相互耦合作用的理论及相应数值计算方法.流体运动采用N-S方程描述,控制方程采用有限差分法离散,并由超松弛迭代法求解.液体自由表面通过流体体积法进行重构.为了考虑液舱结构变形对液体晃荡的影响,应用了FAVOR技术.由此建立了描述液体晃荡与结构相互耦合作用的水弹性理论,并由相应的计算方法进行了系列运算,以考察二维液舱不同结构刚度对液体晃荡的影响.计算结果有助于进一步理解此类问题的物理现象.     

潜艇液舱晃荡对其稳性影响的数值仿真与评估

结合潜艇耐波性和稳性的问题,分析液舱内的自由液面晃荡现象,建立潜艇液舱液体晃荡的数值仿真模型,利用计算流体力学软件Flow 3D,对潜艇横摇过程中液舱的液面晃荡进行模拟,根据数值计算结果,分析液舱晃荡对潜艇稳性的影响。     

LNG船液舱晃荡数值模拟

为了研究船的液舱晃荡问题,基于CFD软件Fluent,计算、分析了LNG实船液舱内液体的三维晃荡特性.首先通过与试验数据的比较,验证了三维数值模型的正确性,分析了网格等要素对监测壁面压力的影响.其次通过数值模拟,分析了舱长变化对液体晃荡的影响,说明了三维研究的必要性.最后对LNG船的液舱晃荡进行了三维数值模拟.结果表明,数值计算模型可行,能准确揭示晃荡中的各种现象.     

二维矩形弹性液舱内液体晃荡数值模拟研究

阐述ADINA数学模型及相关数值方法,以二维矩形刚性液舱模型为例模拟液体晃荡,将所得的结果与解析解进行比较,验证该模型的有效性;通过数值模拟,研究二维矩形弹性液舱内的液体晃荡,分析不同刚度、不同频率对液体晃荡自由液面波高运动的影响。     

基于FPM的液舱晃荡研究

随着液舱晃荡运动机理的研究深入,舱内液体运动响应和自由液面波形精细模拟成为研究的重点。本文应用无网格方法中的FPM(Finite Point Method)来对液舱晃荡中的动边界及自由液面大变形等问题进行数值求解和图像模拟。以二维液舱晃荡为例,校核运动边界与内部流体粒子点间的运动响应,得到FPM对于边界所受砰击力和内部兴波波高的计算结果以及自由液面模拟图像。将计算结果进行无因次化处理,通过与试验结果进行比对,验证了FPM在液舱晃荡问题中应用的可行性和准确性,也为FPM解决三维复杂液舱晃荡问题中提供铺垫。     

Numerical Simulation of Liquid Sloshing——a Review

Liqui dsloshing is associated with various engineering problems．Many studies have been performed since 1950s．A comprehensive review on the study and advance of numerical simulation of liquid sloshing．with emphasis on free surface tracking techniques，has been presented in this paper．At present．several methods can be used to simulate liquid sloshing numerically．However，each method has its own advantages and disadvantages and it should be applied according tO characteristics of practical engineering problems．In the future．further work should be placed on developing more effective techniques for treating very large amplitude sloshing problems，namely，for simulating overturning，breaking and merging of free surface，for predicting transient impact loads pressure of sloshing．     

多种激励耦合作用下的二维液舱晃荡(英文)

In this research,liquid sloshing behavior in a 2-D rectangular tank was simulated using ANSYS-FLUENT software subject to single or multiple-coupled external excitations(such as sway coupled with roll,and sway and roll coupled with heave).The volume of fluid(VOF) method was used to track the free surface of sloshing.External excitation was imposed through the motion of the tank by using the dynamic mesh technique.The study shows that if the tank is subjected to multiple coupled excitations and resonant excitation frequencies,liquid sloshing will become violent and sloshing loads,including impact on the top wall,will be intensified.     

矩形水舱流体晃荡的水动力特性的试验研究

本文根据在上海交通大学船舶及海洋工程系船舶流体力学实验室进行的模型试验,论述了无制荡结构及具有内部制荡结构(制荡隔壁,深甲板梁——制荡板和船底宽肋板)时的水动力特性。对制荡效果作了讨论。 文中对试验数据进行了分析比较,与理论值及别的试验结果的比较表明,本文的试验结果是令人满意的。文中对试验数据进行了回归分析,得出可供设计参考的经验公式。最后对油船设计中如何考虑舱内流体的晃荡载荷提出建议。     

大型补给舰船液舱晃荡载荷计算方法

随着补给舰船的大型化,补给舰船中的液舱晃荡问题开始凸显。为给大型补给舰船的液舱结构设计提供方便、可靠的晃荡载荷输入,基于改进的VOF法,以Youngs法重构自由液面,结合部分单元参数概念,提出了一种精度更高且数值稳定的、处理非矩形复杂舱室边界晃荡载荷的计算方法。通过对不同装载情况的液舱晃荡进行数值分析,并与Hirt-Nichols算法以及实验结果进行对比,证明该方法可有效改进自由表面的模拟效果,提高舱室内部速度、加速度和压力的预报精度。网格敏感性分析证明该方法的数值稳定性较好,较粗的网格也能达到较高的精度。所建立的晃荡载荷计算方法可用于对补给舰船的液舱晃荡设计载荷进行快速、准确的预报。     

纵摇容器中液体晃荡的非线性数值模拟

在海洋工程领域,液体晃荡是一种普遍存在的物理现象。对于船舶而言,转动比平动有着更重要的影响。该文针对纵摇容器中的液体晃荡问题,采用高阶边界元方法建立自由水面满足完全非线性边界条件的时域数学模型。通过大地坐标系和随体坐标系之间的坐标变换,使得计算域仅控制在随体坐标系内。求解中采用半混合欧拉—拉格朗日方法追踪流体瞬时水面,运用四阶龙格库塔方法更新下一时间步的波面和速度势。通过与已发表试验和数值结果的对比,验证了建立模型的准确性。进而开展大量数值试验研究容器纵摇运动频率、纵摇转动中心和容器中布置一竖直隔板对晃动波面与荷载的影响。     

Numerical simulation of viscous liquid sloshing by moving-particle semi-implicit method

A meshless numerical simulation method, the moving-particle semi-implicit method （MPS） is presented in this paper to study the sloshing phenomenon in ocean and naval engineering. As a meshless method, MPS uses particles to replace the mesh in traditional methods, the governing equations are discretized by virtue of the relationship of particles, and the Poisson equation of pressure is solved by incomplete Cholesky conjugate gradient method （ICCG）, the free surface is tracked by the change of numerical density. A numerical experiment of viscous liquid sloshing tank was presented and compared with the result got by the difference method with the VOF, and an additional modification step was added to make the simulation more stable. The results show that the MPS method is suitable for the simulation of viscous liquid sloshing, with the advantage in arranging the particles easily, especially on some complex curved surface.     

A numerical study of the effects of bottom and sidewall stiffeners on sloshing behavior considering roll resonant motion

In the present study, aiming to provide practical guidance for the structural design, the effects of the small bottom and sidewall stiffeners on sloshing loads in shallow and intermediate liquid conditions are investigated numerically. The interaction between the highly nonlinear free surface flow and a large number of small stiffeners is modeled based on the Moving Particle Semi-implicit method. 2D models of a rectangular clean tank and tanks with small sidewalls or bottom stiffeners are considered. For filling ratios ranging from 5% to 20%, harmonic angular motions with periods around the analytical sloshing resonant ones are applied. Simulation snapshots and computed pressure time series, pressure variation, wave run-up, maximum fluid velocity, and kinetic energy were provided to clarify the complex interaction between the small baffles and the shallow free surface flow. As a result, except for the tanks with bottom stiffeners in shallow liquid conditions, in which the response under actual resonant frequency should be considered, the response computed using the clean tank excited by its resonant period can be adopted as a conservative estimation for the sloshing loads of actual tanks with small stiffeners.     

有限长半充液圆柱壳振动特性分析

  目的  基于有限元法对水平充液圆柱壳及其内部流体的自由振动和强迫振动特性进行研究。  方法  其结构与内部流体分别采用壳单元、声学单元模拟;通过对流体声学单元施加重力加速度并标记自由液面,以模拟流体小幅晃动。计算液体晃荡频率以及壳体振动频率,并与文献的结果进行对比,验证求解方法的正确性。探讨结构参数、自由液面高度等参数对耦合系统振动特性的影响规律。  结果  结果表明：流体固有频率分为高频和低频2个部分,低频部分为自由液面的自然晃动频率。壳体厚度越小,结构耦合频率越低,自由液面的自然晃动频率越低;随着厚度的增加,自然晃动频率趋近于刚性边界时的值。液深越大,结构耦合频率越低,自然晃动频率越大;当结构频率很低时,自由液面晃动效应对耦合系统响应的影响变得明显。  结论  研究结果对于充液圆柱壳的振动特性具有一定的参考价值。     

Comparative assessment of liquid sloshing in dry and wet storage tank of floating offshore platform

In order to explore the characteristics of the single-layer liquid sloshing in offshore dry oil storage tank and the two-layer liquid sloshing in offshore wet oil storage tank, two series of experiments were carried out: one was free surface sloshing in a closed rectangular tank partially filled with colored water, and the other was interfacial sloshing in the identical tank but completely filled with white oil and colored water. The tank was mounted on a shake table and was subjected to harmonic horizontal excitation with different excitation amplitudes and a wide range of excitation frequencies, including the first seven natural modes of single-layer or two-layer liquid system. The present study find that the frequency responses of interfacial sloshing wave are analogous to those of the free surface sloshing wave, but smaller in amplitudes. The experiments also produce results that are unique to the two-layer liquid sloshing. For example, when the external excitation frequency is equal to or close to the odd mode natural frequency of two-layer liquid system, a complicated three-dimensional (3D) gravity-capillary wave might be generated at the oil-water interface. Finally, the comparisons of free surface and interfacial sloshing in the viscous damping ratio, higher sloshing modes, impact pressure amplitude and mass center displacement were conducted, which revealed the superiority of wet storage technology in structural safety and dynamic stability.