超大型集装箱船低压配电系统设计

随着集装箱船的大型化发展,传统的AC220V低压配电网络已不能满足船舶大型化带来的用电需求。针对低压配电系统面临越来越严峻的电压降问题,对超大型集装箱船低压配电系统进行技术和经济性分析,根据超大型集装箱船“双岛”船型布局的特点提出一种分布式低压配电网络架构。对传统式和分布式2种低压配电网络架构进行对比分析,在减小电缆压降、缓解电缆通道拥堵和降低人工成本方面进行计算与分析。经实船验证,分布式低压配电系统能有效解决电压降和电缆通道拥堵等问题。分布式系统是超大型集装箱船低压配电系统设计的一种有效尝试,可为今后超大型集装箱船低压配电系统设计提供参考。     

超大型集装箱船的发展动向

此文简术字集装箱的发展历程，阐述了集装箱船大型化和标准化的动向，展望了超大型集装箱船的发展趋势。     

集装箱船舶的大型化提出的新的要求

此文主要讨论了集装箱船大型化对港口基础设施、内陆集疏运系统、保险及环保等提出的新的要求和影响,以及超大型集装箱船的经济性问题。     

浅谈超大型集装箱船舶在港内的操纵

集装箱船的大型化,对驾引人员提出更高的安全要求和挑战。阐述了超大型集装箱船的操纵特点,分析了风和流对超大型集装箱船的影响。详细介绍了超大型集装箱船在港内的靠、离泊操作,尤其是急流和大风浪时的靠、离泊作业和操作体会。     

超大型集装箱船的技术及市场展望

分析了集装箱船舶大型化发展趋势，以及集装箱运输链的各环节因素对开发超大型集装箱船的影响；设计上重点对超大型集装箱船推进的各种备选方案进行了分析论述。     

超大型集装箱船的技术及市场展望

分析了集装箱船舶大型化发展趋势，以及集装箱运输链的各环节因素对开发超大型集装箱船的影响；设计上重点对超大型集装箱船推进的各种备选方案进行了分析论述。     

超大型集装箱船安全管理和操作的探讨

随着集装箱船的大型化和超大型化,对超大型集装箱船的设计和安全管理上发生了较大变化,本文针对超大型集装箱船所呈现的特点,结合以往的管理实践,从超大型船舶发生的事故、船舶特点、操纵特性、设备的操作和人员配置进行了分析和阐述,为超大型集装箱船的安全管理提供参考。     

超大型集装箱船采用非风雨密舱盖的可行性

随着集装箱运输的发展,集装箱船大型化趋势日益明显。船舶主尺度的增大导致船体变形加剧,对舱盖的密封性能提出更高要求。本文以载箱量为10020TEU的集装箱船为例,从干舷计算、舱盖结构设计和货舱排水等3个方面进行讨论,说明超大型集装箱船可以采用非风雨密舱盖。     

全球超大型集装箱船市场形势及发展趋势

近年来,随着班轮联盟化趋势的发展以及对规模经济的追求,各大班轮公司在相对较低船价的吸引下对超大型集装箱船表现出浓厚兴趣,超大型集装箱船在全球主要班轮航线上的配置比例快速提高,进而推动班轮运输业联盟化趋势进一步增强,市场集中度进一步提升。但由于集装箱船运力过剩的压力短期仍然存在,当前相对平淡的世界经济和贸易发展形势造成超大型集装箱船潜在需求仍然有限。如果班轮公司高度关注的规模经济难以实现,集装箱船大型化的发展趋势将相应放缓。     

超大型集装箱船:平衡还是冒险?

正囿于集装箱运输领域激烈的竞争格局压缩了市场,市场份额和规模经济效益成为班轮公司追求的目标,集装箱船大型化不断演进。然而,若要最大限度地发挥超大型集装箱船的规模效应,还需班轮公司及行业从业者深度思考。翻看当前航运业或港口业的主流媒体,很难发现有未涉及超大型集装箱船的一期,即便不是通篇报道,关于该话题展开的讨论,也占相当一部分篇幅。超大型集装箱船之于集装箱运输市场,已成为一种标示。大型化输入班轮公司回应市场需求增长的     

集装箱船冷藏集装箱水冷却系统设计

支线型集装箱船在布置数量较多的水冷式冷藏集装箱情况下,如何保证冷藏集装箱水冷却流量平衡分配并确保冷藏集装箱冷藏效果成为设计的关键点。文章结合某2200标准箱集装箱船实例,介绍了冷藏集装箱船的水冷却系统的设计、注意事项及试验方法。为今后大中型集装箱船冷藏箱冷却水系统应用提供设计依据。     

Development of an IoT-based container tracking system for China’s Belt and Road (B&R) initiative

To ensure the successful implementation of China’s Belt and Road (B&R) Initiative, it is essential to enable the real-time monitoring of containers’ locations, prevent theft during cargo delivery, ensure more efficient logistics management and reduce carbon emissions. For this, it is vital to have an economic and effective system to track and control containers across multiple countries. However, this requirement cannot be met by today’s container tracking systems because they are either limited within the borders of each country or expensive to employ internationally. This study thus presents a framework for an IoT-based container tracking system that enables users not only to grasp the international flow of container movement with one check but also to achieve smooth cross-border procedures. To verify the system’s performance, an empirical test was made for an actual container shipped from Korea to Poland. The test results showed that the system could successfully track the location of the container in real time across international borders. Last, this study discusses the policy development and international cooperation that should take place to enable the introduction of this container tracking system.     

Optimal reefer slot conversion for container freight transportation

Given a fleet of container ships of varying capacity, a cost-efficient approach for improving fleet utilization and reducing the number of delayed containers is to optimize the sequence of container ships in a given string, a problem which belongs to the large ship-deployment class. A string sequence with ‘uniformly’ distributed ship capacity is more likely to accommodate a random container shipment demand. The number of one’s total ship slots acts as a gauge of the capacity of the container ships. Meanwhile, there are two types of ship slots: dry slots and reefer slots. A dry slot only accommodates a dry container, while a reefer slot can accommodate either a dry or a reefer container. The numbers of dry and reefer slots for ships in a string are different. Therefore, in this study, we propose a model that considers both dry and reefer slots and use it to elucidate the optimal ship-deployment sequence. The objective is to minimize the delay of dry and reefer containers when the demand is uncertain. Furthermore, based on the optimal sequence deduced, the study also investigates the need to convert some dry slots to reefer slots for the container ships.     

Model and algorithm for container ship stowage planning based on bin-packing problem

In a general case, container ship serves many different ports on each voyage. A stowage planning for container ship made at one port must take account of the influence on subsequent ports. So the complexity of stowage planning problem increases due to its multi-ports nature. This problem is NP-hard problem. In order to reduce the computational complexity, the problem is decomposed into two sub-problems in this paper. First, container ship stowage problem （CSSP） is regarded as “packing problem”, ship-bays on the board of vessel are regarded as bins, the number of slots at each bay are taken as capacities of bins, and containers with different characteristics （homogeneous containers group） are treated as items packed. At this stage, there are two objective functions, one is to minimize the number of bays packed by containers and the other is to minimize the number of overstows. Secondly, containers assigned to each bays at first stage are allocate to special slot, the objective functions are to minimize the metacentric height, heel and overstows. The taboo search heuristics algorithm are used to solve the subproblem. The main focus of this paper is on the first subproblem. A case certifies the feasibility of the model and algorithm.     

中小型集装箱船方形系数估算公式

在所收集的近百艘中小型集装箱船船型资料的基础上,作者对集装箱船方形系数与载箱数、傅汝德数的关系作了分析,并应用计算机回归得到一个能反映集装箱船特征的方形系数估算公式。此公式可应用于集装箱船的初步设计阶段。     

2500TEU内贸集装箱船船型开发设计

针对内贸箱船货运近海航行,重箱化及散货集装箱化的需求,对2500TEU级内贸箱船船型的开发思路与各方面的特点作了介绍。该船型具有低航速、大载重吨、高装箱率、快捷牢靠堆装系统的特点,目前已成功升级了第二代2500TEU船型。     

Weekly container delivery patterns in liner shipping planning models

This paper addresses a fundamental question related to nearly all container liner shipping planning models: whether the implicit assumption of identical container delivery pattern every week is valid in a situation of identical shipping services and identical cargo demand every week. We prove that when the number of containers transported from one port to the next is formulated as a continuous variable, the resulting mathematical model with an identical container delivery pattern is equivalent to the model with general container delivery patterns which can be different in different weeks. When the number of containers transported is formulated as an integer variable, the model with an identical container delivery pattern is not equivalent to the model with general container delivery patterns. However, the difference between the optimal objective values of the two models is negligible for practical applications. In sum, little, if not nothing, is lost by assuming an identical container delivery pattern in liner shipping planning models.     

美国西海岸港口集装箱运输发展分析

美国西海岸港口承担了美国一半以上的集装箱运输量,其中大部分是美国与亚洲国家之间的贸易货物海运量,对我国等亚洲国家与美国间的国际贸易和集装箱海运有极其重要的影响。本文根据相关数据,分析美国西海岸港口集装箱运输的发展状况。     

Evaluation of expected maximum values of forces acting on containers and lashing rods on a container ship

The appearance of a number of large container ships in the 8000 TEU range raises the importance of a plan for container lashing arrangements on deck in relation to the design of the ship. Therefore, it is expected that a new method for evaluating the lashing arrangements on deck will be introduced which is applicable regardless of the ship's size and the lashing pattern, instead of using the standards of several different societies, as happens at present. To evaluate the lashing arrangements on deck, the expected maximum values of the forces acting on the containers and lashing rods should be evaluated. This paper presents a new method of evaluating the container lashing arrangements on a container ship using an "acceleration ellipsoid." The applicability of the acceleration ellipsoid to an evaluation of the expected maximum values of the forces was examined by comparing the expected maximum values of the forces calculated by the long-term distribution calculation known as the "Fukuda method," to those calculated using the acceleration ellipsoid. By comparing these results, it was confirmed that the expected maximum values of the forces calculated using the acceleration ellipsoid were not less than those calculated through by the long-term distribution calculation. It is concluded that the acceleration ellipsoid can be used to evaluate the expected maximum values of the forces acting on containers and lashing rods. Received: December 14, 2000 / Accepted: March 22, 2001     

Reposition of empty containers of different life stages integrated with liner shipping network design

ABSTRACT

This paper integrates empty container reposition with container shipping network design considering the container life stages. A mixed-integer linear programming model is built to determine the liner shipping network, the initial launch ports of new containers, the ports for scrapping obsolete containers, the empty container reposition scheme and the containers of different life stages being used for a specific voyage. A case study is done by taking liner shipping among China, Japan and South Korea, Southeast Asia, Europe and the US as an example. The results show that over 93% of new containers are put into use in China while 63% of old containers are scrapped in Europe or the US, and 73% of containers used for packing cargoes from China to the US are those at the Decline Stage or the Exit Stage.