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1.
Land use-transportation scenario planning: promise and reality 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Keith Bartholomew 《Transportation》2007,34(4):397-412
Land use-transportation scenario planning has become increasingly common in regional and sub-regional planning processes.
The technique promises to provide citizens with opportunities to engage in constructive dialogue about the future of their
communities, and to serve as a basis for assertive action to direct the course of that future. This study reviews 80 scenario
planning projects from more than 50 U.S. metropolitan areas. The analysis reveals important gaps in the practice of scenario
planning—particularly in the areas of public participation, methodology, and institutional structures—and recent efforts to
address the shortcomings.
相似文献
Keith BartholomewEmail: |
2.
Residential location,vehicle ownership and travel in Asia: a comparative analysis of Kei-Han-Shin and Kuala Lumpur metropolitan areas 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The study examines the relationships between residential location, vehicle ownership and mobility in two metropolitan areas
of Asia, Kei-Han-Shin area of Japan and Kuala Lumpur area of Malaysia. It shows that, behind apparent similarities of household
auto ownership and travel time expenditure per household member, there are many causal relationships that are distinct between
the areas. The similarities and differences between the two areas point to the conjecture that the evolution of a metropolitan
area may be unique and path dependent, being heavily influenced by the history and culture of the locale, spatial and geographical
constraints, and historical progression in infrastructure development.
Metin Senbil is an Associate Professor in City and Regional Planning Department at Gazi University in Ankara, Turkey. He obtained the degree of Doctor of Engineering from Kyoto University, Japan. His research interests cover different aspects of urban travel demand and its interactions with telecommunications, land use, and policies directed at controlling as well as managing travel demand. Ryuichi Kitamura is Professor of Civil Engineering Systems at Kyoto University, Japan. His past research effort spans in the area of travel behavior analysis and demand forecasting, in particular in activity-based analysis, and panel surveys and dynamic analysis of travel behavior. He is associate editor of Transportation. Dr Jamilah Mohamad is Professor and Head of the Department of Geography, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. Her main fields of research interest are travel behavior, the relationship between transport and spatial development and urban growth management. 相似文献
Jamilah MohamadEmail: |
Metin Senbil is an Associate Professor in City and Regional Planning Department at Gazi University in Ankara, Turkey. He obtained the degree of Doctor of Engineering from Kyoto University, Japan. His research interests cover different aspects of urban travel demand and its interactions with telecommunications, land use, and policies directed at controlling as well as managing travel demand. Ryuichi Kitamura is Professor of Civil Engineering Systems at Kyoto University, Japan. His past research effort spans in the area of travel behavior analysis and demand forecasting, in particular in activity-based analysis, and panel surveys and dynamic analysis of travel behavior. He is associate editor of Transportation. Dr Jamilah Mohamad is Professor and Head of the Department of Geography, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. Her main fields of research interest are travel behavior, the relationship between transport and spatial development and urban growth management. 相似文献
3.
Toshiyuki Yamamoto 《Transportation》2009,36(3):351-366
The interactions among different types of vehicle ownership including car, motorcycle and bicycle are examined by developing
simultaneous vehicle ownership models in this study. Large scale person trip survey data for Osaka metropolitan area, Japan
and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia are used for empirical analysis. The results suggest that population density at residential area
significantly and negatively affects car ownership for both areas, and that the effects are larger for Osaka metropolitan
area than for Kuala Lumpur. Also, bicycle ownership becomes higher at higher population density area for Osaka area, while
higher at lower population density area for Kuala Lumpur, which represents the different usage patterns of bicycle between
the two areas.
相似文献
Toshiyuki YamamotoEmail: |
4.
The ever-increasing use of cars is a big problem in metropolitan areas. To manage the traffic stream and alleviate air pollution,
most metropolitan governments are attempting to discourage the use of cars. Nevertheless, the results have not been satisfactory.
It is well known that normal-choice riders choose their travel mode based on utility, which is determined by mode-specific
impedances and individual characteristics. On the other hand, this study focuses on identifying car-dependent commuters who
tend to keep driving cars regardless of the circumstances they are confronted with. For this study, psychometric factors characterizing
car-dependent commuters were investigated. However, the performance of the mode-choice model was not sufficiently enhanced
despite incorporation of the psychometric factors. The performance improved considerably when the car-dependent commuters
were excluded. Based on psychometric factors, the support vector machine successfully separated the car-dependent commuters
from normal-choice riders.
相似文献
Keemin SohnEmail: |
5.
In this paper, we used the 10-wave Puget Sound Panel Dataset to investigate the response lag of a significant change in discretionary
time use. In particular, we want to quantify the relative magnitude of the following factors: the built environment, family
and social obligations, temporal constraints, or a psychological delay factor (people delay a behavioral change until the
next life shock). To answer this question, we developed a survival model to treat (1) left-censoring, (2) partial observation,
and (3) multi-type exits. The results suggest that family and social obligations, as well as temporal constraints, appear
to play a more important role than the built environment. Support for the psychological delay factor is not evident. We also
found that the probability of having a significant change in discretionary time use is negatively related to time progression,
supporting the human adaptivity hypothesis.
Cynthia Chen is an assistant professor of Civil Engineering at the City College of New York. Her recent research interests have been in travel behavior dynamics and residential search and location process. Jason Chen is a Ph.D. candidate in the department of civil engineering at the City University of New York. His research interests include travel behavior analysis, travel demand modeling, and residential location analysis. 相似文献
Jason ChenEmail: |
Cynthia Chen is an assistant professor of Civil Engineering at the City College of New York. Her recent research interests have been in travel behavior dynamics and residential search and location process. Jason Chen is a Ph.D. candidate in the department of civil engineering at the City University of New York. His research interests include travel behavior analysis, travel demand modeling, and residential location analysis. 相似文献
6.
Antti Talvitie 《Transportation》2008,35(3):375-393
The paper unpacks the planning process into its component parts: model, process, technique, and goals—the “good thing”. The
paper advances the concept that planning, policy-making, and organizational restructuring can be analyzed under the same framework.
Each of the four components is described and reductionist examples are presented to clarify the intention and to illustrate
the technique that the transport analyst teams employ in their work. The examples cover both successes and failures. They
point toward the enormous scientific task ahead for planning to become meaningful and relevant to the problems of today. Finally,
in the frame of the willingness to pay, the paper puts forward a case for an institutional framework for a financially autonomous road administration. Similarly
organized, administered, and managed entities are relevant also for other transport modes.
Antti Talvitie is a Professor (part time) at the Helsinki University of Technology. He has private practice as consultant and as psychoanalyst in the Washington DC area. Previously, Mr. Talvitie worked in the World Bank; was GM of Viatek Consulting Engineers in Espoo Finland; served as Director of Highway Construction and Maintenance in the Finnish Road Administration; and was Professor in the US, including Chairmanship of the Department Civil Engineering at the University of Buffalo. Mr. Talvitie holds Ph.D. in Civil Engineering from Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, and Certificate in Psychoanalysis from the Boston Graduate School of Psychoanalysis. 相似文献
Antti TalvitieEmail: |
Antti Talvitie is a Professor (part time) at the Helsinki University of Technology. He has private practice as consultant and as psychoanalyst in the Washington DC area. Previously, Mr. Talvitie worked in the World Bank; was GM of Viatek Consulting Engineers in Espoo Finland; served as Director of Highway Construction and Maintenance in the Finnish Road Administration; and was Professor in the US, including Chairmanship of the Department Civil Engineering at the University of Buffalo. Mr. Talvitie holds Ph.D. in Civil Engineering from Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, and Certificate in Psychoanalysis from the Boston Graduate School of Psychoanalysis. 相似文献
7.
Transport models, philosophy and language 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Paul Timms 《Transportation》2008,35(3):395-410
The aim of this paper is to encourage debate about the nature of transport modelling. It does so firstly by considering the
underlying philosophies of science (apparently) adopted by transport modellers, over a period of more than 50 years, from
the 1950s until the present day. The conclusion is that a new philosophy of science needs to be developed, which is more in
tune with how transport modelling is actually carried out (as opposed to how early transport modellers thought it ought to
be carried out). It is recommended that such a new philosophy perceives transport modelling as a linguistic activity within
the overall context of transport planning, which is in turn considered as a communication process. The paper outlines three
main approaches that could be taken in this respect, analysing transport models from metaphorical, narrative and aesthetic
perspectives. Conclusions are drawn upon the possible future research directions that might follow from the analysis provided
in the paper, emphasising the importance of bringing formal philosophical thinking into transport modelling research and practice.
Paul Timms is a Senior Research Fellow at the Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds. He has been involved for 20 years in research covering a wide range of transport modelling (from traffic signals to world futures), applied to various locations in Europe, Asia and Latin America. 相似文献
Paul TimmsEmail: |
Paul Timms is a Senior Research Fellow at the Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds. He has been involved for 20 years in research covering a wide range of transport modelling (from traffic signals to world futures), applied to various locations in Europe, Asia and Latin America. 相似文献
8.
Gerard de Jong Andrew Daly Marits Pieters Stephen Miller Ronald Plasmeijer Frank Hofman 《Transportation》2007,34(4):375-395
This paper provides a review of transport model applications that not only provide a central traffic forecast (or forecasts
for a few scenarios), but also quantify the uncertainty in the traffic forecasts in the form of a confidence interval or related
measures. Both uncertainty that results from using uncertain inputs (e.g. on income) and uncertainty in the model itself are
treated. The paper goes on to describe the methods used and the results obtained for a case study in quantifying uncertainty
in traffic forecasts in The Netherlands.
相似文献
Gerard de JongEmail: |
9.
This paper proposes an innovative approach for designing a road user charging scheme to meet multiple policy objectives. Three
practical features are integrated into the design methodology including (i) cordon formation, (ii) a set of design constraints,
and (iii) multiple objectives of the scheme. The methods also consider possible responses of road travellers to the charging
scheme. Two methods based on genetic algorithms (GA) are developed for optimising a charging cordon scheme with constraints
and with multiple objectives. The dynamic self-adaptive penalty GA and Non-dominated Sorting GA II (NSGA-II) are applied to
the constrained design and multi-objective design respectively. The objective functions or constraints considered include
social welfare improvement, revenue generation, and distributional equity impact. A case study of the City of Edinburgh is
presented and common characteristics of charging cordon designs which perform well against the three objectives are discussed.
相似文献
Agachai SumaleeEmail: |
10.
Norlida Abdul Hamid 《Transportation》2009,36(3):295-307
A parking utilization survey was undertaken with the main objective of analyzing and comparing the daily workday utilization
patterns of two main park and ride stations within the Kuala Lumpur conurbation. This study also aimed to gauge the level
of usage of the park and ride facilities. The findings showed that the overall utilization pattern of the facilities was very
high with a utilization rate of between 80 and 95%. The stations, however, recorded a contrasting accumulation pattern. The
study further revealed that most of the rail-based suburban park and ride users were long term parkers. The results of this
study are comparable to results of similar studies in Seoul, Calgary, Tyne and Wear and others. Since parking availability
is an important factor that has influence on the behavior of a park and ride user, more accurate information relating to the
supply and demand of the park and ride facility will assist in planning new transport infrastructure.
相似文献
Norlida Abdul HamidEmail: |
11.
The objective of this paper is to ease the planning of new toll projects by providing estimates of operating costs, and to
help us make better informed decisions about the design of toll collection systems. To do so we use panel data for Norwegian
toll companies to estimate average cost functions. The main results can be summarised as follows. We provide evidence of very
important unexploited economies of scale. The estimated cost curves are very steep for traffic levels below the sample mean,
and become almost entirely flat over a wide range above the sample mean. A higher share of vehicles using on board units will
significantly reduce average costs. Competitive tendering will significantly reduce average operating costs by as much as
25%. Our results also suggest that increased number of lanes, higher debt and passenger charging will increase average operating
costs whereas average operating costs are lower for toll cordons compared with other projects.
相似文献
Morten WeldeEmail: |
12.
Konstantinos G. Zografos Konstantinos N. Androutsopoulos Teemu Sihvola 《Transportation》2008,35(6):777-795
Flexible transport services include a wide range of demand responsive transport systems that provide non-conventional passenger
and freight transportation services. Several alternative business models varying according to the local market conditions,
the socio-economic, legal, and institutional framework may be developed for the provision of Flexible Transport Systems (FTS).
The objective of this paper is twofold: first to present an integrated methodological framework for developing and assessing
alternative FTS business models and second to demonstrate its applicability to a case study regarding the prioritization of
alternative FTS business models for the provision of flexible passenger transport services in Helsinki.
相似文献
Teemu SihvolaEmail: |
13.
Children’s mode choice for the school trip: the role of distance and school location in walking to school 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Noreen C. McDonald 《Transportation》2008,35(1):23-35
Rising levels of childhood obesity in the United States and a 75% decline in the proportion of children walking to school
in the past 30 years have focused attention on school travel. This paper uses data from the US Department of Transportation’s
2001 National Household Travel Survey to analyze the factors affecting mode choice for elementary and middle school children.
The analysis shows that walk travel time is the most policy-relevant factor affecting the decision to walk to school with
an estimated direct elasticity of −0.75. If policymakers want to increase walking rates, these findings suggest that current
policies, such as Safe Routes to School, which do not affect the spatial distribution of schools and residences will not be
enough to change travel behavior. The final part of the paper uses the mode choice model to test how a land use strategy—community
schools—might affect walking to school. The results show that community schools have the potential to increase walking rates
but would require large changes from current land use, school, and transportation planning practices.
Noreen C. McDonald is an Assistant Professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Her research focuses on how the environment affects children’s travel behavior. 相似文献
Noreen C. McDonaldEmail: |
Noreen C. McDonald is an Assistant Professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Her research focuses on how the environment affects children’s travel behavior. 相似文献
14.
Singapore motorisation restraint and its implications on travel behaviour and urban sustainability 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Piotr S. Olszewski 《Transportation》2007,34(3):319-335
The example of Singapore shows that rapid urban and economic growth does not have to bring traffic congestion and pollution.
Singapore has chosen to restrain car traffic demand due to its limited land supply. Transport policy based on balanced development
of road and transit infrastructure and restraint of traffic has been consistently implemented for the past 30 years. Combined
with land use planning, it resulted in a modern transport system, which is free from major congestion and provides users with
different travel alternatives. As the economic growth caused a substantial increase in demand for cars, several pricing policies
were introduced with the aim of restraining car ownership and usage. Growth of the vehicle population is now controlled and
potentially congested roads are subject to road pricing. These measures help to keep the roads free from major congestion,
maintain car share of work trips below 25% and keep the transport energy usage low. Although Singapore conditions are in many
aspects unique, its travel demand experience can provide useful lessons for other rapidly growing cities in Asia.
相似文献
Piotr S. OlszewskiEmail: |
15.
Analysis of household activity scheduling has to date been limited to one-day periods. This paper extends the study of household
task allocation to a one-week period. Using a one-week time use survey held under couples in The Netherlands in 2003, the
paper proposes indicators for measuring task allocation on a daily and weekly scale and investigates to what extent role expectations,
work status and indicators of time pressure influence task allocation patterns. The outcomes suggest that egalitarian role
expectations and higher female work status lead to a more balanced allocation of work and households tasks between spouses.
More traditional role views and increased time pressure lead to more specialisation and inequality between spouses. Interestingly,
households under time pressure apply day-to-day specialisation to arrive at balanced weekly allocation totals.
相似文献
Tanja van der LippeEmail: |
16.
This paper suggests using a proportional hazard model to predict personal income, for the purpose of imputing missing income
data in household travel surveys. The model has a hazard function that comprises two multiplicative components: (1) a non-parametric
baseline hazard function that is dependent only on the income level and (2) a function that is dependent only on the other
personal attributes of the survey respondents (excluding income). To estimate and validate the model, data is drawn from a
travel characteristics survey conducted in Hong Kong in year 2001. The model is found to have a much higher accuracy when
compared with a conventional ordered probit model based on the assumption that the logarithm of income is normally distributed.
C.·O. Tong is an Associate Professor at the Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong. He received his B.Sc. (Eng.) degree from the University of Hong Kong, M.Sc. (Transportation Engineering) degree from Leeds University and Ph.D. degree from Monash University. His research interests are in transport demand modeling and dynamic network modeling. Jackie K. L. Lee worked as a Research Assistant at the Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong during the period from March 2004 to April 2005. She received her B.Eng. and M.Eng. degrees in Civil Engineering from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. She is a Chartered Engineer and is also Corporate Members of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers and the Institution of Structural Engineers. 相似文献
C. O. TongEmail: |
C.·O. Tong is an Associate Professor at the Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong. He received his B.Sc. (Eng.) degree from the University of Hong Kong, M.Sc. (Transportation Engineering) degree from Leeds University and Ph.D. degree from Monash University. His research interests are in transport demand modeling and dynamic network modeling. Jackie K. L. Lee worked as a Research Assistant at the Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong during the period from March 2004 to April 2005. She received her B.Eng. and M.Eng. degrees in Civil Engineering from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. She is a Chartered Engineer and is also Corporate Members of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers and the Institution of Structural Engineers. 相似文献
17.
The impact of high-speed technology on railway demand 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper estimates a passenger railway demand function to analyse effects arising from the introduction and use of high-speed
technologies. The paper reports estimates of demand elasticities with respect to price, income, quality of service and a range
of exogenous characteristics. The results show that travel time savings from conventional high-speed technology have a larger
impact on passenger demand than tilting train technology. The introduction of conventional high-speed technology is associated
with an 8% increase in passenger railway demand. Increasing the use of either type of high-speed technology appears to induce
small positive effects on demand beyond those obtained from usual traffic density increases on non-high-speed existing technology.
Antonio Couto is an assistant professor in the Faculty of Engineering (FEUP) at the University of Porto. He received his PhD from FEUP in 2005 having completed a thesis in railway transport economics. His research focuses on issues related to transport economics and infrastructures. Daniel J. Graham is a Reader in the Centre for Transport Studies at Imperial College London. He specialises in the economics of transport, focusing in particular on modelling the implications of transport provision and accessibility for productivity and economic growth. 相似文献
Daniel J. Graham (Corresponding author)Email: |
Antonio Couto is an assistant professor in the Faculty of Engineering (FEUP) at the University of Porto. He received his PhD from FEUP in 2005 having completed a thesis in railway transport economics. His research focuses on issues related to transport economics and infrastructures. Daniel J. Graham is a Reader in the Centre for Transport Studies at Imperial College London. He specialises in the economics of transport, focusing in particular on modelling the implications of transport provision and accessibility for productivity and economic growth. 相似文献
18.
Galit Cohen-Blankshtain 《Transportation》2008,35(3):411-424
Transportation analysis emphasizes the necessity to internalize the transport externalities of car usage through taxation.
Yet taxation decisions are often made with non-transport goals in mind. In such cases, transport policies are made ‘by the
way.’ This paper examines such a case: Israel’s taxation policy on company cars. It shows that current taxation policies result
in increasing numbers of company cars and growing numbers of transport users who are not sensitive to the marginal cost of
car use and make excessive use of the car. As a result, a significant portion of Travel Demand Management (TDM) measures cannot
affect this group. The Israeli case of company car tax reform demonstrates the problematic effect of a policy that does not
take its overall consequences on other policy fields into account and thereby impairs efforts to reduce the negative impacts
of the transport system. Also, it demonstrates the importance of institutional aspects of transport policymaking.
Cohen-Blankshtain is a lecturer at the department of Geography and School of Public Policy at the Hebrew University. Her research interests include urban policy, transport and ICT policy and participation process in public policy. 相似文献
Galit Cohen-BlankshtainEmail: |
Cohen-Blankshtain is a lecturer at the department of Geography and School of Public Policy at the Hebrew University. Her research interests include urban policy, transport and ICT policy and participation process in public policy. 相似文献
19.
In transportation studies, variables of interest are often influenced by similar factors and have correlated latent terms
(errors). In such cases, a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model is normally used. However, most studies ignore the potential
temporal and spatial autocorrelations across observations, which may lead to inaccurate conclusions. In contrast, the SUR
model proposed in this study also considers these correlations, making the model more behaviorally convincing and applicable
to circumstances where a three-dimensional correlation exists, across time, space, and equations. An example of crash rates
in Chinese cities is used. The results show that incorporation of spatial and temporal effects significantly improves the
model. Moreover, investment in transportation infrastructure is estimated to have statistically significant effects on reducing
severe crash rates, but with an elasticity of only −0.078. It is also observed that, while vehicle ownership is associated
with higher per capita crash rates, elasticities for severe and non-severe crashes are just 0.13 and 0.18, respectively; much
lower than one. The techniques illustrated in this study should contribute to future studies requiring multiple equations
in the presence of temporal and spatial effects.
Ms. Xiaokun Wang is a doctoral student in the Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin. She received her B.S. and M.S. degrees at Tsinghua University, China. Her research topics range from travel demand modeling and integrated land use-transportation planning, to spatial econometrics, network analysis, and traffic safety analysis. She is a fellow of the International Road Federation. Dr. Kara Kockelman is a Associate Professor of Civil, Architectural & Environmental Engineering and the William J. Murray Jr. Fellow at the University of Texas, Austin. She holds a PhD, MS, and BS in Civil Engineering, a Masters of City Planning, and a minor in Economics from the University of California at Berkeley. She is Chair of the Transportation Research Board’s Committee on Travel Survey Methods. Her primary research interests include the statistical modeling of urban systems (including models of travel behavior, trade, and location choice), economic impacts of transport policy, crash occurrence and consequences, and transport policy-making. 相似文献
Kara M. Kockelman (Corresponding author)Email: |
Ms. Xiaokun Wang is a doctoral student in the Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin. She received her B.S. and M.S. degrees at Tsinghua University, China. Her research topics range from travel demand modeling and integrated land use-transportation planning, to spatial econometrics, network analysis, and traffic safety analysis. She is a fellow of the International Road Federation. Dr. Kara Kockelman is a Associate Professor of Civil, Architectural & Environmental Engineering and the William J. Murray Jr. Fellow at the University of Texas, Austin. She holds a PhD, MS, and BS in Civil Engineering, a Masters of City Planning, and a minor in Economics from the University of California at Berkeley. She is Chair of the Transportation Research Board’s Committee on Travel Survey Methods. Her primary research interests include the statistical modeling of urban systems (including models of travel behavior, trade, and location choice), economic impacts of transport policy, crash occurrence and consequences, and transport policy-making. 相似文献
20.
The influence of built environment to the trends in commuting journeys in the Netherlands 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper we describe commuting trends in the Netherlands in the past decade and examine the influence of urban form and
travel accessibility on commuting journeys over time on the basis of data from the Dutch National Travel Survey. Exploratory
analysis is performed to identify changes in commuting participation, departure time, commuting time, commuting distance and
the modal split. Regression analysis and choice models are used to examine the influence of the built environment on commuting
parameters over time. The results indicate that urban form has consistently influenced the parameters of commuting journey
in the Netherlands in the last 10 years. However, the trend of the influence is unique for each commuting model. Some influences
have become less significant in the last decade and some have become stronger.
相似文献
Kees MaatEmail: |