浅议水毁防治措施选择

公路水毁灾害在我国西部地区频繁发生,然而,防护措施的选择却多凭经验办事。因此,文章在国内外现有研究成果的基础上,通过对西部地区的实地调研,全面分析水毁形态与成因机理,阐述了不同公路水毁防治措施的防护机理,结合水毁防护措施自身的强度和经济性,提出了各种水毁防护措施的适用条件。这对我国公路水毁预防和治理具有一定理论与实践意义。     

道路路基边坡病害原因和治理措施分析

文章通过对广西地区公路边坡防护现状调查的分析,总结了边坡病害的特点和原因,提出了相关病害的治理措施,为公路边坡设计理论、边坡施工技术及边坡运维方案提供参考依据.     

绿色景观在西部地区公路生态防护中的应用研究

近些年,随着国家经济水平的提升与经济总量的提高,公路建设得到了迅猛发展,伴随的公路建设的快速发展,公路生态防护逐步得到重视。现在公路绿色景观营造已成为公路生态防护中不可缺少的内容。如何结合内蒙古自治区的气候特点与地域特点因地制宜,科学合理在公路生态防护建设中开展绿色景观营造工作是本文探讨的主要内容。     

公路边坡破坏的主要形式与防护

论述了公路边坡破坏的主要型式与机理,并对公路边坡常见的防护形式作了简单介绍,如植物防护、框格防护、护坡、封面、护面墙等,在目前,公路防护工程设计要紧紧抓住设计对象的土质、水文、气候等特点,灵活采用不同的防护型式,确保公路边坡稳定、安全、环保.     

植被恢复对公路边坡的作用分析

为做好公路边坡防护工作,保护好边坡植被,主要分析植被恢复在公路边坡防护中的价值作用,提出边坡植被恢复的基本方法,并对公路边坡植被恢复提出相关建议,以期促进我国公路事业可持续发展。     

公路路堑边坡防护与治理措施分析

对路堑边坡采取科学、合理、有效的防护治理措施对于保障边坡的强度和稳定性至关重要,有助于确保公路的安全和稳定运营。概述公路路堑边坡防护与治理的重要性,分析公路路堑边坡常见破坏形式及影响因素,据此对路堑边坡常用的防护治理技术进行梳理和研究,以便为公路工程各方建设者提供参考。     

公路隧道施工灾害处置计算机辅助决策系统研究

通过研究现有公路隧道施工中出现特大灾害,包括常见的地质灾害及人为施工灾害,提出公路隧道施工灾害危险性等级评估计算机辅助决策系统。公路隧道施工灾害危险性等级评估计算机辅助决策系统由数据库子系统、隧道围岩地质设计施工信息子系统、灾害危险性等级评估与预测子系统、灾害综合处置子系统构成。利用较为成熟的数据库技术和软件工程技术,对系统进行详细设计,开发了隧道施工灾害综合处置系统。系统集隧道围岩设计施工信息、灾害等级评估预测、灾害治理三大功能于一体,具有良好的界面与计算精度。     

山区公路岩质边坡柔性防护与生态防护初探

西部大开发战略的实现,是以加快交通基础设施建设为前提的,而在西部多山区修建公路,难免会遇到公路岩质边坡。文章遵循边坡柔性防护与生态防护相结合的思路,以"油小线"工程为例,介绍了公路岩质边坡治理与防护的新技术,为类似工程提出借鉴。     

公路路基高边坡防护技术措施探讨

本篇文章对公路路基高边坡防护施工基本要求进行阐述,从造孔、清孔、锚固注浆等多个方面,对公路路基高边坡防护施工要点进行解析,并以此为依据,提出公路路基高边坡防护技术措施.     

公路路堑边坡防护技术探讨

随着我国经济的快速发展,公路建设也呈现快速发展的状态,尤其是高级公路建设已经扩展到我国中西部地区,路堑边坡的防护是公路建设中比较重要的问题,是保证施工质量和运行安全的关键。本文主要对公路路堑边坡防护技术进行简单论述,并对其未来的发展前景进行展望,为公路路堑边坡防护技术的发展做出一点理论贡献。     

新藏公路西藏境段冻土病害防治措施

文章结合国道219线新藏公路冻土病害处治实践，介绍了冻土的工程特性、分类以及该路线上冻土的冰缘作用，提出了在类似冻土地区公路病害的防治措施。     

A scenario on the evolving road service informatics in Europe

Road Transport Informatics is being developed to improve road transport. Telecommunication links will connect microcomputers in vehicles with roadside beacons and traffic control centers. Drivers can get better information and guidance en route. If these functions are charged as services rather than sold as products, a better traffic can be obtained. This can improve traffic safety, efficiency and the environment.     

Commercially managed road funds: managing roads like a business,not like a bureaucracy

Nearly all countries are seriously short of revenues for investment and maintenance of roads. Improving utilization of the existing road budget has helped to narrow, but not eliminate, this financing gap. Requests for additional resources from the government's budget have fallen on deaf ears, because the road sector has grown too large to be fully-financed through general tax revenues. Government tax systems were not designed to finance major economic sectors like roads. Faced with an acute shortage of funds, many road agencies have introduced tolls on high-volume roads and have invited the private sector to build and operate such roads under concession agreements. Although this has narrowed the financing gap, tolling is only economic on a small part of the road network. Tolls have thus had a relatively small impact on the financing gap. Against this background, and mindful of the fact that roads are now 'big business' on the scale of the Fortune Global 500, a growing number of countries have started to 'bring roads into the market place, put them on a fee-for-service basis and manage them like a business.' The fee-for-service concept, though superficially like the user-pay principle and the associated road funds which became popular during the 1950s, differs from user-pay in a number of important respects. The key differences are that: (i) only road user charges go into the road fund (i.e., there are no earmarked taxes); (ii) the fund is managed by a representative board with half or more members representing road users and the business community; (iii) members are nominated by the constituencies they represent and there is an independent chairperson; (iv) financing arrangements are designed to ensure that money is not diverted from other sectors; (v) funds are managed pro-actively by a small secretariat; (vi) there are published financial regulations governing the way funds are managed; (vii) charges are adjusted regularly to meet agreed expenditure targets; and (viii) there are regular technical and financial audits. Other important characteristics are that most commercially managed road funds are managed through a separate road fund administration, funds are channeled to all roads (sometimes even to unclassified roads) and they are introduced as part of a wider agenda to commercialize road management. Some of these road funds have been set up as road public utilities under a board with powers to set their own tariffs.     

不同降雨强度条件下的边坡稳定性分析

高深路堑开挖施工地质复杂,现场机械及人员较多。为了更为准确、详细可靠的分析边坡的稳定状态,实现对施工进度的有效调控,确保施工安全,本文以安徽某公路边坡开挖为工程背景,在室内进行了不同降雨强度条件下的模型试验。结果表明,发现降雨对此类边坡一定深度内的土体有影响,而对深层边坡土体影响不大,不同降雨强度条件下边坡均表现为稳固状态,未出现病害现象。     

论高速公路边坡水土保持植物防护设计

通过对高速公路边坡水土保持的研究,主要论述边坡水土保持植物防护设计的应用,从高速公路水路流失的特点出发,指出边坡为公路水土流失重灾区。进行植物防护设计不仅能够达到防护效果,还有利于恢复植被,改善生态环境,有效地防止水土流失,并介绍了高速公路边坡水土流失植物防护技术设计原则。最后通过实践分析,对植物防护做出具体设计,为今后同类工程的水土保持措施布局提供参考和借鉴。     

Evaluating road safety audit procedures: some questions and a new method of study

This article discusses the current views on the application of road safety audits (RSAs) as a tool for the improvement of road safety and proposes a new method of study for detailed evaluation of some features that can influence their effectiveness. This is demonstrated in the practical setting of RSAs applied to existing road reviews or inspections. Starting from a review of published sources on RSAs in different countries, a set of questions has been identified and a case study undertaken on the impact of alternative RSA procedures on its overall effectiveness. RSA effectiveness is measured both as agreement with a safety expert assessment and to an accident-based study. The main features analyzed in the case study include the type of observer used for data collection and the type of checklist used as a guide to field work. Based on an exploratory study, the performance of RSA application is evaluated using weighted indices of concordance and disagreement, and the rating of detection or omission for the observations gathered in the accident diagnosis of the safety problems at the intersection studied, supplemented by a statistical analysis of the influence of selected covariates on these scores. The main results of the case study can be summarized as clear support to team work for field observation and also to employing less-experienced personnel for field observation. The study also stresses the need for procedures/criteria for priority setting. These conclusions are useful for the selection of alternative RSA procedures in agencies responsible for promoting or enforcing RSA and in professional teams carrying out RSA tasks. Several features deserving further study are also identified.     

广州市天河区交通拥堵的微循环解决路径研究

快速城市化致使城市交通量急剧增长,交通拥堵问题日益严重。受社会经济等条件限制,已建的成城区难以进行大规模的改扩工程,交通系统的深化急需跟上城市更新的步伐^[1]。本文以广州市天河区天园街道片区为研究对象,利用互联网电子地图,对该片区周边四条主要交通性道路高峰时段拥堵情况进行实时监测。通过为时一个月的监测,了解到在拥堵高峰时段四条交通性道路规模所能承载的交通量远远低于实际承载的交通通行量。结合实地调研,运用交通微循环理论,提出构建一个合理的交通微循环道路网络方案,即开放片区内部路网增强城市交通的毛细血管,增强四条主干道之间的联系实现交通分流。     

道路环境对交通安全的影响及对策

交通安全,涉及到人、车以及道路和环境等很多因素。近年来,因为各种原因使得有关单位以及人员将更多的将精力放在人、车、道路这几个因素上,对道路交通环境没有过多的考虑和研究。深入研究道路交通环境,有利于道路交通的安全,文章通过对其的研究和分析,得出有关道路交通环境对交通安全的影响和解决措施,对于防止道路交通安全事故具有重要意义。同时为人们的生命财产的安全提供保障、对构建社会主义和谐社会具有很大帮助。     

Climate change projections for variables affecting road networks in Europe

Global climate change will affect road networks during this century. The effects will be different in various parts of the world due to differences in local climate change and in the structure and properties of roads. In this paper, climate change projections are presented for climate variables that are most likely to affect the long-term performance of road networks in Europe. We apply four regional climate simulations up to the year 2100 using two plausible future emission scenarios. The results show that the changing climate will require significant adaptation measures in the near future in order to maintain the operability of the European road network.     

南口岭隧道病害综合整治技术研究

文章简要介绍了福建省三明市南口岭公路隧道的病害情况、产生病害的原因分析,以及对病害的综合整治方案,对整治后的隧道衬砌受力进行了分析,提出的整治方案可供同类隧道病害整治中参考。