家用车内空气质量的VOC及气味评价实验探究

现如今家用车已经越来越普及,有些家庭甚至拥有好几辆家用车,车子在为我们带来方便的同时,也不能忽视车内的空气质量,调查显示所有家用车内空气都存在VOC浓度超标的情况,在静态封闭的情况下,久而久之会对乘车人员造成致癌风险。改良VOC是提高材料环保指标的重要方法,本文针对家用车内空气质量的VOC及气味评价作出实验和探究。     

Analysis of handling performance based on simplified lateral vehicle dynamics

In this article, the analysis methods for vehicle handling performance are studied. Using simple models, dynamic characteristic parameters such as yaw, natural frequency, and the damping coefficient of a vehicle can be theoretically formulated. Here, the vehicle is simplified by a bicycle (single-track) model, and the tire is modeled by an equivalent cornering stiffness and first order lag. From the experimental road data, the tire model parameters (equivalent cornering stiffness and time lag constant) are extracted. These parameters are then inserted into the theoretically formulated equations of dynamic characteristic parameters. For the purpose of validating the efficiency of the suggested methods, experimental road tests (where the cars have different handling performances) are performed. The results show that vehicle handling performance can be sufficiently represented by the suggested dynamic characteristic parameters. So, it is concluded that the proposed method has practical use for the development of new cars or for the comparison of similar cars since the evaluations of the vehicle handling performance can be efficiently determined by the suggested dynamic characteristic parameters.     

浅谈降低车内有害挥发物(VOC),实施整车气味管理

近来社会不时有关于汽车内异味或者是有害挥发物超标致病的新闻,车内异味已成为严重影响我国消费者感知质量的重要问题,车内空气质量安全已引起全社会的广泛关注。本文浅谈汽车气味管理流程以及改善对策,以及怎样降低车内有害挥发物至标准范围内,如何保证车内气味安全。     

车内空气挥发性有机物浓度测量

利用热脱附-气相色谱/质谱法(TD-GC/MS)对家庭轿车、客车和环境空气中挥发性有机物进行定性和定量分析.结果表明,轿车和客车车内空气中挥发性有机物主要为烷烃和芳烃,分别占轿车和客车的车内空气中挥发性有机物的74.00%和71.88%,家庭轿车内空气中含有较多的含氧化合物;环境空气中TVOC浓度较低,分别仅为轿车和客车TVOC的7.95%和12.05%;轿车和客车车内空气中苯浓度较高,分别为环境空气中苯浓度的4.43倍和5.58倍.     

基于乘员伤害分析的路侧行道树事故严重度评价

为了定量评估公路路侧行道树事故严重度,有针对性地提出安全改善措施,以减少车辆与路侧行道树碰撞的事故损失,分别引入加速度严重性指数(Acceleration Severity Index,ASI)、头部损伤判据(Head Injury Criteria,HIC)和胸部合成加速度(Chest Resultant Accel...     

自由流状态的判别标准研究

基于运行速度的定义,首先通过现场试验采集了试验车的实时行驶速度,分析了试验车的行驶状态变化情况,基于不同的行驶状态确定了车头时距的变化阈值,然后通过研究典型断面的速度波动规律,分析了不同车头时距下的速度变化特征与分布特征,确定出车头时距为自由流状态的度量指标,并通过统计分析方法,提出了车辆自由行驶状态的判别标准。结果表明:自由流交通状态的车头时距应大于9 s;研究结论为公路运行速度体系的建立奠定了理论基础。     

气味强度曲线在整车气味管控中的应用

为更客观的反应汽车行业对整车、部件及材料的气味评价,介绍了典型物质气味强度曲线的建立过程,并着重对1种材料和2种特征气味物质的气味强度曲线进行分析,提出了1种基于气味强度曲线对整车、部件及材料气味水平进行管控的方法,此外该曲线也可应用于气味评价人员的培训以及适合中国人群嗅觉特征的气味评价用标准气体浓度的确定。     

A级标准二波波形梁护栏防护乘用轿车性能研究

为了解A级标准二波波形梁护栏对作为高速公路主流车型乘用轿车的防护性能，利用实车足尺碰撞试验验证其对乘用轿车的防护能力是否满足《公路护栏安全性能评价标准》（JTG B05-01—2013）（简称新标准）要求，并通过事故调研和分析，检验实际道路情况下对乘用轿车的防护能力。研究结果表明，A级标准二波波形梁护栏对乘用轿车的防护性能满足新标准要求，且在实际应用中性能表现良好。研究成果为A级标准二波波形梁护栏的合理应用提供了依据。     

基于主观感受的汽车车内气味评价

本文介绍了汽车车内气味评价的方法和原理,分析了影响气味评价的因素。说明了汽车车内气味评价是提高和改善车内空气质量的重要手段和方向。     

基于吸能率的车辆碰撞相容性分析及优化设计

开展了车辆防撞性和碰撞相容性的设计分析,提出了一种新型相容性指标——吸能率rE并验证其合理性,该指标可望解决现有评价指标对车辆侵入程度的量化缺乏连续性和普适性的问题。然后对参数化模型进行自动更新,从而进行设计变量优化求解,最终形成一套集成设计方法。工程实例显示,提出的吸能率指标rE可实现对目标车辆攻击性程度的连续量化评估,参数化优化策略可有效提升车辆碰撞相容性和设计优化效率。     

基于事故数据挖掘的乘用车追尾卡车AEB测试规程研究

基于未来出行交通事故场景研究数据库中的乘用车追尾卡车事故,分析并提出了以卡车为目标物的乘用车自动紧急制动系统的典型测试工况。采用K-means聚类算法得出可代表实际卡车的目标物颜色,基于事故数据分析提取卡车目标物尾部特征参数,设计并制作了一种新型的具有与真实车辆反射特性和机器视觉识别特性接近的重型厢式卡车目标物。卡车目标物静止,测试车辆分别以45、50、55、60 km/h的速度进行100%重叠自动紧急制动系统测试,验证了该目标物的可行性和有效性。可为车辆主动安全相关标准法规研究提供数据支撑,推动车辆主动安全测试技术的发展。     

In-vehicle technology for self-driving cars: Advantages and challenges for aging drivers

The development of self-driving cars or autonomous vehicles has progressed at an unanticipated pace. Ironically, the driver or the driver-vehicle interaction is a largely neglected factor in the development of enabling technologies for autonomous vehicles. Therefore, this paper discusses the advantages and challenges faced by aging drivers with reference to in-vehicle technology for self-driving cars, on the basis of findings of recent studies. We summarize age-related characteristics of sensory, motor, and cognitive functions on the basis of extensive age-related research, which can provide a familiar to better aging drivers. Furthermore, we discuss some key aspects that need to be considered, such as familar to learnability, acceptance, and net effectiveness of new in-vehicle technology, as addressed in relevant studies. In addition, we present research-based examples on aging drivers and advanced technology, including a holistic approach that is being developed by MIT AgeLab, advanced navigation systems, and health monitoring systems. This paper anticipates many questions that may arise owing to the interaction of autonomous technologies with an older driver population. We expect the results of our study to be a foundation for further developments toward the consideration of needs of aging drivers while designing self-driving vehicles.     

车内噪声品质偏好性主客观评价及相关性分析

以5种轿车典型运行工况下后排乘员耳旁噪声样本为评价对象,利用自适应分组成对比较法对车内噪声品质进行了偏好性主观评价试验。计算了各样本的主要心理声学参数,通过相关分析和线性多元回归分析,建立了以响度和尖锐度描述车内噪声品质偏好性结果的数学模型。通过各组间的关联样本将各组评价结果进行反演构建,得到的总体样本评价结果与传统成对比较法评价结果一致性好,且节省了50%的评价时间。     

Development of a fail-safe control strategy based on evaluation scenarios for an FCEV electronic brake system

This study presents a few fail-safe control strategies based on reliability evaluation scenarios for the electronic brake systems of green cars in several critical cases. CarSim and MATLAB Simulink were used to develop the FCEV model with regenerative braking involving EWBs and EMBs. The proposed reliability evaluation scenarios were simulated, and a few fail-safe control algorithms were verified using the proposed reliability evaluation scenarios with the developed FCEV simulation model. The reliability evaluation scenarios were developed using a combination of driving modes and FMEA results for these electronic brake systems.     

新能源汽车成为展会关注的焦点——2009年上海国际汽车展新能源汽车集锦

在2009年上海国际汽车展上，共有展车918辆，包括进口车316辆和国产车602辆。作为未来汽车发展方向的新能源汽车，成为车展关注的焦点。这次上海国际车展上共有新能源汽车47辆（不包括新能源商用车7辆），占展出车辆5．12％。自主品牌新能源车有24辆，占展出新能源汽车51．06％。     

矩阵项目型管理在整车研发过程中的解析及优化

汽车行业的竞争日益激烈,新车型层出不穷,如何高效地推动新车型的研发进度,成为现今汽车研发机构思考的一大难题。通过对汽车整车新产品研发项目管理现状的调研,发现主要有3种管理模式,文章结合整车项目管理的理论与实践,阐明某一车型研发的一种管理模式——矩阵型,并对其优点和缺点进行了阐述,同时针对矩阵型管理模式不足之处进行成因分析,提出针对性的解决措施。     

UTW直道足尺试验路结构性能评价

通过足尺试验对UTW试验路进行了结构性能试验和评价。通过分析试验路弯沉变化及动态模量,对路面整体承载能力进行了分析和评价;通过裂缝观察及结构性能评价对方案进行了比较分析。从试验结果及评价结果来看,不同方面的评价结果具有很好的一致性,各方案结构性能从好到差的排序依次为:方案三>方案四>方案五。评价结果也揭示出,基础强度和恰当的结构组合对路面的使用性能影响显著。     

Objective evaluation of human perception of automotive sound based on physiological signal of human brain

This paper presents a novel approach to apply the physiological signal of the human brain to the sound quality evaluation of automotive sound. In the previous work, psychoacoustic metrics were applied to the sound quality evaluation of automotive sound. Loudness among psychoacoustic metrics is used for one of major sound metrics for the objective evaluation of the sound quality of the acceleration sound inside a car. Subjective evaluation of the sound quality of the acceleration sound shows different results depending on the two different groups of participants. One group liked powerful sound when a car is accelerated: the other group liked the refine sound. Loudness of the acceleration sound is not correlated with the subjective rating of the former group whilst it is correlated with that of the latter group. This evaluation suggests that for the people who like the powerful acceleration sound, it needs to find the sound metric for the objective evaluation of the sound quality of the acceleration sound. In this paper, a driver’s brain signal is measured using electroencephalography (EEG) when a driver hears the acceleration sound of passenger cars. The signal is analyzed to obtain the relationship between brain signals and human perception. According to these results, the alpha wave correlates to the human perception of powerful sound quality of passenger cars. This interesting relationship can be used for objective evaluation of passenger car sounds.     

二手车评估价值和市场交易价格的修正分析研究

二手车的评估价值是评估价值"质"的规定。二手车的鉴定评估价值是实现产权交易发生时的评估价值。而市场交易价格是特定交易行为中,特定的买方和卖方对二手车商品或服务提供或支付的货币数额。     

高档轿车带天窗项盖冲压工艺方案研究

以东风标致和东风雪铁龙为例,从206到C5,带天窗的顶盖涵盖了中高低三个档次的轿车,随着轿车车身制造水平以及用户对外观要求的不断提高,顶盖天窗的工艺方案成为新项目重点关注点之一。本文从C5天窗顶盖的开发经验总结为依据,结合以前的车型数据,从成本和质量的角度,分析了天窗顶盖冲压工艺方案的特点,并得出针对不同档次的轿车采取不同方案的结论。