基于纤维模型的钢管混凝土拱桥结构非线性分析

纤维模型是近来引起广泛关注的构件非线性分析模型。文章介绍了纤维模型方法的计算原理,并采用OPENSEES中的纤维模型进行了应用。将纤维模型法应用于工程计算,并与试验法进行比较,结果表明,纤维模型方法可有效用于工程结构计算,为今后进一步应用奠定基础。     

费用模型在容量限制交通分配中的应用

本文介绍了路径费用模型在容量限制交通分配中的应用，阐述了使用这种模型计算的优点，并以实例说明了费用基交通分配中的应用。详细地说明了客货车时间价值的计算方法，客货车运输成本模型的构造及标定。     

从P2P系统的计算模型看P2P的发展

本文从P2P计算的两种模型—Napster模型和计算力服务器模型的概念,原理,特点和应用等介绍了P2P计算的工作原理,对P2P计算的发展做出推测。     

深水超长钢板桩围堰施工承台基础计算分析及其应用研究

以某新建长江大桥工程为背景,对高施工水位下超长钢板桩围堰施工承台基础进行了计算分析及其应用研究。首先选取了三个典型不利工况,分别采用平面简化模型法和空间整体模型法对钢板桩、圈梁、内支撑的强度和刚度进行了计算,介绍了模型的建立和参数的选取,并对两种方法的计算结果进行了比较分析,归纳了相关计算要点。最后根据计算结果和实际工程经验,总结了施工应用过程中的控制重点。     

中重型汽车车架结构强度有限元建模与分析方法研究

考虑某中重型汽车整车状态下车架各部件间的接触、限位、运动学关系,应用ABAQUS软件建立了以车架模型为主体的整车计算模型,进行了三维有限元静强度计算分析.计算结果与试验结果的对比表明,模型计算值与试验应力值趋势吻合.在完备系统模型基础上进行了简化计算分析,简化分析结果与系统分析结果趋势一致,从而验证了该简化模型的正确性.     

机舱三电托架结构设计优化

文章简要介绍了纯电动汽车机舱三电托架结构设计优化方法。应用有限元软件建立三电托架计算模型,并在有限元模型的计算结果指导下改进结构。     

三峡-葛洲坝联合调度下的船舶调度优先级算法

船舶调度优先级算法是三峡-葛洲坝联合调度系统的核心算法之一，但因为影响船舶权重的因素繁多，而且部分因索会随着时间及外部环境变化而变化，因此很难加以量化。针对此问题，提出了一种动态权重与静态权重相结合的模型。该模型通过模糊综合评价计算静态权重，并应用心理学指数模型计算动态权重．计算结果为船舶提供了有效的过坝综合权重。该模型的正确性和有效性已在实际调度系统的应用中得到了验证。     

基于Solidworks的曲轴三维有限元分析

应用Solidworks软件建立了SL4105曲轴的CAD模型,且应用有限元分析插件Solidworks Simulation建立了曲轴的三维FEA模型,以最恶劣的工况计算曲轴的静强度,发现在过渡圆角处变形曲率大,应力较集中;应用模态分析方法计算曲轴的自由模态,得出曲轴的振动形态主要是弯曲和扭转。     

客车车身有限元计算中支承系统模拟的研究

应用有限元和实验的方法，对客车有限元计算中支承系统模拟进行了研究。通过研究建立了计算模型，为正确地对客车车身进行有限元计算提供了参考。     

应用有限元方法指导重型载货车车轮的结构改进

针对两种车轮在市场中所出现的问题,应用有限元软件建立车轮的计算模型,并在有限元模型的计算结果下指导车轮的结构改进,降低了车轮应力,提高了车轮的使用寿命。     

磁导航车体运动数字控制系统数学模型研究

探讨磁导航车体运动数字控制系统的数学模型。用实验方法建立磁导航车体运动数字控制系统典型环节的时间连续数学模型,结合车体运动机械操纵环节的传统数学模型建立整个控制系统的时间连续数学模型。利用Z变换方法把控制系统时间连续数学模型转换成离散数学模型,引入数字控制系统典型环节的数学模型,建立磁导航车体运动数字控制系统的离散数学模型。设计数字控制系统的二次型最优控制器并进行计算机仿真。仿真分析结果验证了数学模型的有效性。     

Prediction of wheel wear in urban railway transport: comparison of existing models

One of the most important maintenance costs in tramway transport comes from wear of wheel profiles. In the highly competitive railway market, the prediction of wear is then a major concern of the constructors. In this article, we present and compare four models well adapted to tramway conditions, involving contacts on the rolling tread and on the flange with very different sliding and pressure conditions. Moreover, all models can be implemented from the natural outputs of the railway simulation packages classically used in industry for the dynamics design of the vehicles. The first one, proposed by Jendel, is based on the well-known Archard's wear model. Enblom continues Jendel's approach by taking into account the contribution of wheel deformation on the sliding velocity. The last two models, developed by Zobory, and Pearce and Sherratt, determine the wear from the energy dissipation in the contact area. The models are first compared on a theoretical basis and, for that purpose, are rewritten in a common form. Two cases are distinguished: mild wear as arising on the rolling tread and severe wear as arising on the flange. The models are also compared in the practical case of an urban transport vehicle running on circular tracks with different curve radii. Although the models show equivalent trends according to the theoretical study, important discrepancies appear between estimated wear depths. All models are actually dependent on experimental coefficients and it is likely that they were estimated in different conditions. On the other hand, a reasonable agreement can be found in some particular conditions. As an example, Zobory's, Enblom's and Jendel's models are very close to each other in severe wear conditions. This work shows that a general and reliable model could probably be developed from all positive aspects of the existing ones.     

Prediction of wheel wear in urban railway transport: comparison of existing models

One of the most important maintenance costs in tramway transport comes from wear of wheel profiles. In the highly competitive railway market, the prediction of wear is then a major concern of the constructors. In this article, we present and compare four models well adapted to tramway conditions, involving contacts on the rolling tread and on the flange with very different sliding and pressure conditions. Moreover, all models can be implemented from the natural outputs of the railway simulation packages classically used in industry for the dynamics design of the vehicles. The first one, proposed by Jendel, is based on the well-known Archard's wear model. Enblom continues Jendel's approach by taking into account the contribution of wheel deformation on the sliding velocity. The last two models, developed by Zobory, and Pearce and Sherratt, determine the wear from the energy dissipation in the contact area. The models are first compared on a theoretical basis and, for that purpose, are rewritten in a common form. Two cases are distinguished: mild wear as arising on the rolling tread and severe wear as arising on the flange. The models are also compared in the practical case of an urban transport vehicle running on circular tracks with different curve radii. Although the models show equivalent trends according to the theoretical study, important discrepancies appear between estimated wear depths. All models are actually dependent on experimental coefficients and it is likely that they were estimated in different conditions. On the other hand, a reasonable agreement can be found in some particular conditions. As an example, Zobory's, Enblom's and Jendel's models are very close to each other in severe wear conditions. This work shows that a general and reliable model could probably be developed from all positive aspects of the existing ones.     

电动汽车电池功率输入等效电路模型的比较研究

为了选取合适的等效电路电池模型应用于电动汽车系统仿真,提出GNL模型,并与R int、Theven in、PNGV、RC模型进行性能比较。以320单体串联的80A.h镍氢电池组为研究对象,基于同一组复合脉冲试验数据,辨识各模型的参数,进而建立各模型基于Matlab/Simulink的功率输入仿真模型。使用20 kW恒功率放电和FUDS工况试验数据验证,并比较各模型性能。仿真与试验的比较表明,功率输入等效电路电池模型的电压误差为主要误差,电流误差为次要误差,5种模型中PNGV和GNL模型更适用于电动汽车仿真,而GNL模型具有更好的精度。     

An Analytical and Experimental Investigation of the Driver-Seat-Suspension System

SUMMARY

Vertical seat-suspension systems are characterized by a generalized two- degree-of-freedom model incorporating nonlinearities due to shock absorber damping, linkage friction and bump stops. The analytical model is validated using the results obtained from laboratory tests performed under sinusoidal excitations in the 0.5-8.0 Hz frequency range. Human body models of varying complexities, derived from the mechanical impedance data, are discussed and integrated to the nonlinear seat-suspension model to derive a coupled driver- seat-suspension model. Nonlinear analytical models are expressed by their linear equivalent models using a local equivalent linearization technique based on energy similarity. The vibration attenuation performance characteristics of the seat-suspension and driver-seat-suspension models are investigated for deterministic and random cab floor excitations. The results of the study revealed that the seated human body contributes considerably to the overall ride performance.     

轮胎/路面噪声模型研究进展

在系统地总结国外学者对轮胎/路面噪声模型研究现状的基础上,对轮胎/路面噪声的物理模型、统计模型和混合模型分别进行了描述和评价,指出了其各自的适用性,物理模型主要用于轮胎设计,统计模型主要用于路面设计,而混合模型则是考虑轮胎和路面的最优组合。由于轮胎/路面噪声机理十分复杂,到目前为止,还没有任何一种模型可直接用于轮胎和路面设计。但从物理意义和使用的角度来看,统计-物理混合模型应当最有发展前景。     

载重汽车散热器散热及阻力因子仿真模型设计

分析散热器性能计算模型,采用VC++软件编写散热器模型仿真程序;对散热器的样件试验数据进行仿真计算;通过SPSS软件对仿真结果进行数据回归分析,得到散热器的散热因子和阻力因子的仿真模型;并对试验值与仿真值进行分析对比,发现试验值与仿真值吻合度较高,误差较小;结果表明建立的仿真模型是可行的,可用于指导新款散热器的研发及老产品的改进设计。     

Structural analysis of 3D high-speed train–bridge interactions for simple train load models

Three-dimensional models are developed for analysing the dynamic interaction that occurs between high-speed trains and bridges. The reliability and accuracy of developed models are verified by comparing the results from analysing field tests on high-speed trains. A number of train load models are proposed and their performances are compared in order to identify possible models that would reduce the computational and modelling efforts while maintaining suitable accuracy. The results show that at least 16 cars out of a 20-car train should be modelled to achieve results that are comparable to those obtained using the highly detailed 20-car model. Regarding the simplified train load model, more accurate results are obtained employing the 3D moving vehicle model for power cars, the heaviest cars of a high-speed trainset, and a moving force model for other cars, power passenger cars, and passenger cars, compared with highly detailed 20-car model.     

FLAC3D流固耦合渗流模型探讨

FLAC3D有限元软件内置4种渗流模型,直接决定计算结果正确与否。渗流场在三维空间中分布复杂,难以根据计算公式定量选用何种模型,不同文献渗流模型选择标准也不相同。为了找到简单、快速、合理的选择方法,有必要对4种渗流模型进行受力分析。以一100 m×100 m×10 m各项同性弹性立方体为例,基于4种渗流模型设计4种工况。通过对比和分析各工况下总应力和孔隙水压分布情况,主要结论如下： 1）模型A、模型C外荷载均由土颗粒骨架承担,其余2种模型流体也参与受力; 2）流体分担外荷载的比例与刚度系数和时间有关; 3）FLAC3D流固耦合过程正是通过调整刚度比、打开和关闭力学-流体进程来实现的。目前我国流固耦合计算基本基于FLAC3D有限元软件,文中结论适用于基础、隧道、基坑等工程,可供相关从业人士借鉴参考。     

关于轮胎的圈模型

综述轮胎圈模型的历史与现状，指出各种圈模型之间差异的物理实质。在此基础上，考虑完全的非线性应变项、正确的初始应力和气压做功公式，利用Hamilton9变分原理得到了轮胎圈模型的一般动力学方程。文献中的方程可由本文的一般控制方程退化得到。利用轮胎的试验模态参数和轮胎圈模型的特征方程确定圈模型的物理参数。对195／70R14型轮胎给出了具体的数算例和试验结果，分析表明所提模型和方法是合理的。