高浓度油脂废水UASB工艺处理研究

分析了油脂废水的特点，并针对这些特点选择厌氧UASB工艺作为主体工艺进行试验，得出了令人满意的结果；试验表明，在预处理得当的情况下，使用UASB工艺处理油脂废水可以达到85％以上的COD去除率，而且能耗较其他工艺大大降低，是一种节能高效的处理方法。     

劲酒公司毛铺基酒基地废水处理工程分析

劲酒公司毛铺基酒基地废水处理能力为白酒废水400t／d。采用厌氧(UASB) 两级好氧处理工艺，处理后水质的各项指标达到国家《污水综合排放标准》GB8978-1996的一级标准。对废水综合处理系统的调试、运行过程进行了技术总结，并就其工艺要点进行了探讨。     

厌氧处理反应器的应用发展及展望

总结了厌氧生物处理技术发展历程、技术现状与研究进展,并指出未来的厌氧处理反应器的应用发展关键,对应用前景进行了阐述.     

环保：港口化学品废水处理新工艺开发成功

目前，广东海事局会同有关科研院校，开发的适合我国港口、码头处理化学品废水的新工艺“好氧＋厌氧生物处理和臭氧氧化＋曝气生物滤池深度处理工艺”，已在广州粤海小虎岛石化码头、珠海恒基达鑫化工码头等化工废水处理工程项目中成功运用。该工艺使企业处理有毒有害物质废水成本大大降低，每吨废水只需要5～10元，仅为目前处理方式成本的1／200。     

EIC厌氧——曝气生物滤池处理工艺在柠檬酸工业有机废水处理中的应用

本文详细介绍了EIC厌氧--曝气生物滤池处理工艺在柠酸工业有机废水处理中的应用,重点介绍了EIC—好氧生化处理工艺流程及设计特点。     

UASB-SBR工艺处理淀粉废水的试验研究

介绍升流式厌氧污泥床反应器 (UASB) 序批式活性污泥法 (SBR)处理淀粉废水的工艺 ,叙述该类废水的特点、试验系统组成、UASB的启动至污泥颗粒化的过程以及处理效果。试验结果表明 ,该处理系统具有耐冲击负荷 ,处理效果稳定 ,运行管理简单 ,运行成本低等特点。废水经颗粒化UASB稳定处理后 ,出水COD可降到 5 0 0mg/L以下 ,然后经SBR稳定处理后 ,出水COD可降到 10 0mg/L以下     

混凝沉淀-厌氧/好氧组合工艺处理港口含油废水的运行与优化

采用混凝沉淀-厌氧/好氧组合工艺处理港口含油废水。选用聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)作为混凝剂;通过响应面法选择了最优工艺参数:pH 8.0, PAFC投加量100 mg/L沉降时间40 min;出水进入厌氧/好氧生化处理系统(A/O)。港口含油污水经过A池后,BOD/COD平均值由初始的0.17升高至0.55,可生化性增加明显。试验结果表明有机容积负荷是A/O反应器运行过程中的重要控制参数;其对A池冲击大,很容易使A池产生酸化现象,甚至导致反应器的崩溃。A池处理试验用港口含油废水的最佳有机负荷应为1.0～2.0 kgCOD/(m~3·d)。当进水水质变化时,可通过调节水力停留时间及回流比等达到反应器有效调控的目的。     

接触氧化法处理工艺在港区的应用

简述了污水处理中生物接触氧化技术的工艺特点及其发展历史,综述了国内外的研究及应用现状,为进一步开展该技术的研究和新工艺的开发提供参考。还介绍了A/O工艺处理城市生活污水的工程实例。     

应用复合土工膜处理堤岸渗水

土工膜防渗工艺是近年来发展的一项新工艺新材料，文章通过实例，介绍应用复合土工膜处理河堤渗漏工艺的设计及施工。     

好氧颗粒污泥处理实际污水的研究

好氧颗粒污泥是建立在厌氧颗粒污泥的研究基础之上的,文中在分析城市污水组成及特点的基础上,对于好氧颗粒污泥的应用进行介绍,最后指出了好氧颗粒污泥处理的应用前景。     

High-resolution surveys of the biogeochemistry of the New England shelfbreak front during Summer, 2002

We present the observations from a pair of field experiments at the New England shelfbreak front in June and August of 2002, each consisting of 14 cross-frontal surveys using the Lamont Pumping SeaSoar. Measurements of the front's physical, chemical, and bio-optical characteristics were made at high spatial and temporal resolution. The front, based on water-column hydrographic distributions, was found within a few km of the 200 m isobath during both cruises. We present here composite sections, based on averages of individual sections shifted in space to a common frontal location, of the cross-frontal distributions of these properties as a measure of the mean state of the front in both June and August. The observations show the familiar temperature, salinity, and density distributions of the summertime front, dominated by surface thermal heating. Nutrient and bio-optical distributions show the combined effects of water-mass exchange and biological processes. T, S, silicate, and phosphate distributions are suggestive of cross-frontal exchange of slope- and shelf waters, although transport mechanisms and pathways are not apparent. These properties, along with nitrate and optical measures of the suspended particle distributions, show vertical displacements of isopleths as the front is approached: property contours slope upwards toward the front from the shoreward side, and downwards toward the front from the seaward side. Again, actual water-movement pathways are not constrained by these suggestive patterns. Bio-optical distributions show elevated indicators of photosynthetic efficiency both seaward and shoreward of the front, but the front itself is a minimum in biomass. Accumulation of photosynthetic biomass appears to be controlled primarily by nitrate scarcity in waters within and above the pycnocline. At the base of the pycnocline, light limitation appears to be the controlling factor, although the base of the euphotic zone is deeper than the biomass maxima and the base of the pycnocline. Mechanisms explaining this phenomenon are unclear, but tenuous evidence suggests low stratification at the depth of the 1% light level may not allow phytoplankton to optimize for the low-light, high-nutrient conditions at depth. Cross-frontal differences in nutrient and bio-optical parameters, particularly in August, suggest distinct phytoplankton assemblages, and the presence of calcite-forming or nitrogen fixing groups to the community structure, especially in very shallow waters across the front and in pycnocline waters seaward of the front.     

面向复杂装备AR辅助维修的混合跟踪技术研究

装备维修是生产制造、作业运转的基础,特别是在船舶、航空等领域。由于在维修过程中装备结构复杂、维修人员经验技术不足和缺少直观维修手段导致容易导致维修效率低下和操作出错。因此,通过研究基于增强现实的装备维修方案,直观交互地进行维修作业,能够有效地提升维修的质量和效率。由于装备体型较大,结构复杂,给跟踪定位带来了新的困难,针对实际的工程需求,创新性地将主流方法进行结合,提出了多Marker和ORB-SLAM混合跟踪的方法。通过二次调整多Marker定位结果的动态权值,提高局部定位维修的精度和可靠性。分析比较现有的特征点算法,选择ORB-SLAM作为方案,实现全局的定位和导航,对维修过程给以指导,并设计开发装备诱导维修系统,为大型复杂设备地维修提供了通用解决方案。     

多因素数学模型在温州瓯江口浅滩围涂工程研究中的应用

建立了波浪、潮流、盐度、悬沙、底床冲淤等多种因素数学模型,在模型验证的基础上,对瓯江口温州浅滩围涂工程海区的波浪场、潮流场、盐度场、悬沙场、底床冲淤场进行了数值模拟研究,对温州浅滩围涂工程对瓯江泄洪、瓯江南北口分流比、乐清湾养殖业、瓯江口港口航道及状元岙深水区、南口口外滩地的影响进行了分析论证。分析研究结果表明,温州浅滩围涂工程是可行的。     

澜沧江-湄公河航道哈乐滩碍航特性及整治措施

澜沧江-湄公河航道上哈乐滩具有弯、浅、险、窄、急等特点。根据现场调查资料,结合数学模型计算结果,分析了哈乐滩成滩原因及碍航特性。哈乐滩右岸楠罗河山洪冲出的石块及大卵石堆积在溪口形成冲洪积扇,近年来冲积扇发育,进一步侵占河床泄水断面,同时岸线凹凸不平,导致滩险上段水流弯曲,中段坡陡流急,船舶枯水上滩困难。针对哈乐滩滩险成因及碍航特点,提出炸礁和修筑整治建筑物结合的措施,解决滩险碍航问题。     

防波堤及护岸越浪研究综述

近年来防波堤越浪方面的相关研究,分别在越浪影响因素、越浪量计算公式推导论证、越浪数值模拟与越浪量标准4个方面进行归纳总结.已有成果表明:1)越浪影响因素的研究多是集中于常规因素,包括波高周期,堤顶高程,坡肩宽度,护面块体,而对水流、风速、波浪谱以及水的性质等其他因素研究相对较少;2)越浪量计算公式研究中主要集中在影响越...     

Matching biological traits to environmental conditions in marine benthic ecosystems

The effects of variability in environmental conditions on species composition in benthic ecosystems are well established, but relatively little is known about how environmental variability relates to ecosystem functioning. Benthic invertebrate assemblages are heavily involved in the maintenance of ecological processes and investigation of the biological characteristics (traits) expressed in these assemblages can provide information about some aspects of functioning. The aim of this study was to establish and explore relationships between environmental variability and biological traits expressed in megafauna assemblages in two UK regions. Patterns of trait composition were matched to environmental conditions and subsets of variables best describing these patterns determined. The nature of the relationships were subsequently examined at two separate scales, both between and within the regions studied. Over the whole area, some traits related to size, longevity, reproduction, mobility, flexibility, feeding method, sociability and living habit were negatively correlated with salinity, sea surface temperature, annual temperature range and the level of fishing effort, and positively associated with fish taxon richness and shell content of the substratum. Between the two regions, reductions in temperature range and shell content were associated with infrequent relative occurrences of short-lived, moderately mobile, flexible, solitary, opportunistic, permanent-burrow dwelling fauna and those exhibiting reproductive strategies based on benthic development. Relationships between some traits and environmental conditions diverged within the two regions, with increases in fishing effort and shell content of the substratum being associated with low frequencies of occurrence of moderately mobile and moderately to highly flexible fauna within one region, but high frequencies in the other. These changes in trait composition have implications for ecosystem processes, with, for example, reductions in permanent-burrow dwellers within one of the regions potentially compromising the ability of the assemblages to process and store chemicals and waste products. However, the connections between environmental conditions and trait composition are complex and incorporate many factors. Experimental investigations will be necessary to determine the extent and consequences of these important relationships.     

How much can public private partnership really do for urban transport in developing countries?

A few cities in some of the larger developing countries in Latin America and Asia have made increasing use of multi-year concessions or franchises, competitively awarded to private companies, for construction and operation of urban transport infrastructure and for provision of public transport services. In view of the strong prospective growth of developing-country cities with large transport needs, and the rise in the emerging economies of potential new sources of private capital, it is important to see how effective PPP has so far been in this area. The experience is analyzed principally by thorough comparative review of what has actually happened for some of the main users to date: Bogotá, Santiago, São Paulo, Seoul, and several cities in both China and India. Despite delays and mistakes that have been made in development of most of the projects, the overall results, already delivered and in prospect, are very positive and urban public transport is benefiting substantially, with significant side effects on poorer people's access to work and to services, air pollution levels and road accident rates. The widest and most important advantage of the PPP arrangements, as compared with more conventional short-term contracting, is found to be the innovations, technical and managerial, developed, and, in particular, the mutual capacity building of the countries' private and public sectors and their more effective interaction. The experience in the six countries covered suggests that other developing-country cities may be best assisted to develop sound urban transport PPPs more rapidly through provision of help on chosen items among 7 elements that have proved particularly crucial but sometimes weak in the projects reviewed: Civic consultation systems, Land-use/Transport strategic planning, Land/property market management, Monitoring systems, Progressive policies, Economic regulation, and Public institutional framework for PPPs.     

具备开通闸条件的通航节制闸建设方案

通航节制闸运行调度原则与常规的船闸工程和水闸工程明显不同,针对其口门宽度、门槛水深、闸门形式、平面布置等关键技术问题,船闸工程和水闸工程规范尚无具体的要求。以邓楼节制闸重建工程为例,对现有的节制闸运行调度原则进行调整以满足开通闸通航的要求,同时通过实施工程补偿措施以满足原节制闸防洪水倒漾、引水灌溉、保护水质的功能。通过理论计算和对比分析等方法得知建设2孔净宽23 m、门槛水深5. 5 m的通航节制闸能够满足船舶安全通航和航道通过能力的要求,并得出"升卧式平面闸门能够适应长期低水头运行、高通航保证率要求特点"的结论。其确定运行规则、建设规模、闸门形式、布置方案的方法对类似项目的建设及船闸标准规范的完善均有借鉴意义。