北戴河海滩养护方案实验研究

对北戴河海滩人工养滩工程的可行性进行研究,通过物理模型实验对所设计的4个岸滩防护方案进行对比研究,给出了各方案稳定的岸滩剖面形态、侵蚀岸线和平衡恢复岸线.通过对这些实验结果的分析,论述了A、B、D方案在各种波况下海滩稳定性和恢复能力,探讨不同方案的护滩效果,并最终确定D方案为最优方案.     

北戴河西海滩养护工程海域潮流场数值研究

针对秦皇岛北戴河西海滩养护计划评价的需要,采用Delft3D-Flow建立工程区海域潮流模拟研究的数学模型.通过对大区域范围内5个测站流速、流向的验证,将计算所得参数运用于嵌套在其内部的小范围海域设计方案下潮流场的模拟.结果表明通过在海区岬角处修建突堤和修筑离岸潜堤工程会显著减小工程区内潮流速度,有利于养滩的形成和稳定.     

北戴河海滩治理区工程地质特性

文中主要依靠工程地质勘察资料从工程地质角度对秦皇岛市北戴河海滩恢复治理工程中的工程地质特性进行了分区,并且对各个分区的具体特性进行了详细的阐述,其结论对后期治理工作有较重要的指导意义。     

一线模型在黄河口岸线预报中的应用

建立了一种能够模拟黄河口海洋与河流混合动力作用模式下黄河口岸线淤积、延伸、侵蚀规律的一线数学模型。采用了反映岸线侵蚀重要因素的波浪破碎模型,并引入黄河径流挟带泥沙沿岸输沙率分布计算,不但提高了波浪计算的精度,也真实反映了黄河口门附近岸线演变现象的物理机制。研究结果表明,黄河口径流挟带的大量泥沙受到水流动力轴线影响,泥沙沿岸线的淤积是黄河口门附近岸线演变的重要因素之一。验证试验表明,模型计算结果与实测值吻合很好,可以用于黄河口岸线演变的预报计算。     

长江下游福姜沙航道治理起步工程方案研究

结合福姜沙河段水流动力特性和河床演变特点,在福姜沙河段布置不同的治理工程方案,通过数学模型、物理模型等手段分析工程效果,在双涧沙体实施工程措施综合整治效果最佳,福姜沙航道治理必须从稳定双涧沙沙体出发,守护双涧沙是福姜沙深水航道建设的关键性河势控制工程.对双涧沙守护工程进行不同平面形式、高程方案进行了比选,得出福姜沙河段航道治理工程基础性方案.     

几种典型海滩平衡剖面模型中参数意义的探讨

海滩平衡剖面是海岸近岸过程研究的一个重要概念,在海岸工程中有应用价值。通过分析认为粤东后江湾的海滩剖面处于动态平衡状态。应用Dean、Bodge和Lee等3种海滩平衡剖面模型对后江湾的海滩剖面数据进行拟合,并从地形动力学的角度对拟合结果进行了分析解释,结果表明3个模型中的参数分别包含有波浪周期或波长、剖面变化渐近深度、海滩反射性等物理意义。这可为海岸工程设计确定近岸水下地形轮廓提供重要的依据。     

潜堤在海滩整治与改造中的运用

文中以三亚三美湾海滩整治与改造工程为例,从潜堤的平面布置、结构型式、潜堤顶高程的确定、潜堤的透射系数数值模拟及经验公式的计算结果对比等多方面探讨了潜堤在U型高能海湾海滩整治与改造的作用和实际效果。     

潼南县双坝村涪江中坝采砂方案数学模型

在现场勘测以及分析河床演变趋势和卵石运动规律的基础上提出了潼南县涪江中坝采砂方案,采用贴体正交坐标系下的平面二维水流数学模型模拟采砂后水流特征的变化.结果表明,中坝采砂方案实施后,对工程河段的河势、河床演变、行洪以及涉河工程影响十分有限.     

BIM技术在鸡冠滩航道整治设计中的应用

将BIM技术引入鸡冠滩航道治理方案研究中,以传统分析工作BIM化作为切入点,首先阐述河道地形模型建模思路;其次基于修正后的河道地形曲面分析滩段的演变规律和碍航特性、建立整治方案BIM模型,并通过模型整合形成便于传递的DWG设计成果和航道工程三维可视化沙盘。本套技术体系可以较好地运用于一般航道整治工程的河演分析、碍航及水流分析、整治工程方案建模等,相应的模型处理方法可为类似工程提供借鉴。     

基于人工补沙的海滩养护试验研究

近年来,新兴的海滩养护"软"防护方法凭借其更自然化的防侵蚀方式、环境友好程度高以及经济性合理等优势,在海岸防治和修复的工程实践中得到广泛应用。本文通过二维水槽动床试验,结合剖面识别的图像观测方法,对沙坝补沙以及滩肩补沙两种养护方案下的补沙初始剖面向平衡剖面转化的演变过程进行分析。试验发现,沙坝补沙可使外海波浪提前破碎,明显减轻了岸滩侵蚀,且在一定波浪条件下产生了向岸输沙,造成岸线前进;而滩肩补沙则为水下沙坝增长提供了足量侵蚀沙源,增强了岸滩抵御更大波浪的能力。     

Visitor Preferences for Public Beach Amenities and Beach Restoration in South Florida

Coastal erosion threatens many sandy beaches and the ecological, economic, social and cultural amenities they provide. The problem is especially chronic in South Florida. A frequent solution for beach restoration involves sand replacement, or nourishment, but is temporary, expensive, and has usually been funded by governmental sources. However, as such agencies reduce their share and require more local funding, beach nourishment must rely on other funding sources, including beach recreationists. Our study characterized three South Florida beaches and probed visitor willingness-to-pay for beach nourishment. We found that even beaches within close proximity attract different user types. Users are amenable to higher fees if they lead to greater resource protection.     

Information Management in Beach Planning

Abstract

This article concerns optimizing the use of environmental information for creative planning. It arose from a detailed study of the status and management of the coastal dunes of New South Wales, Australia, and discusses the way in which ideas for optimizing the management process were developed, and applied to three beach environments on the coast of New South Wales, Australia.

The problem of coastal beach/dune management may be thought of as being similar to a production function in which the inputs are the land resource, the skills and knowledge of managers, finance, and materiel. The outcomes are in the form of experiences, or opportunities for experiences, either passive or active, either consumption values or option values, desired by the coastal user population (which includes the resource managers themselves). The resource manager's task is to manipulate the “production function”; in order that the outputs will best mesh with the expectations of the user population and with the capability of the land resource to deliver on a sustained basis. An aim of the project was to develop a method for the specification of different possible outputs from the production function, in different beach/dune environments, and that could be used to assist in the preparation of advice on appropriate recreational development, allowing decisions to be based on both environmental data and information on the expectations, activities, and amenity preferences of beach users.     

Measuring the Cost of Beach Retreat

We estimate the cost over the next 50 years of allowing Delaware's ocean beaches to retreat inland. Since most of the costs are expected to be land and capital loss, especially in housing, we focus our attention on measuring that value. We use a hedonic price regression to estimate the value of land and structures in the region using a data set on recent housing sales. Then, using historical rates of erosion along the coast and an inventory of all housing and commercial structures in the threatened coastal area, we predict the value of the land and capital loss assuming that beaches migrate inland at these historic rates. We purge the losses of any amenity values due to proximity to the coast, because these are merely transferred to properties further inland. If erosion rates remain at historic levels, our estimate of the cost of retreat over the next 50 years in present value terms is about $291 million (2000$). The number rises if we assume higher rates of erosion. We compare these estimates to the current costs of nourishing beaches and conclude that nourishment make economic sense, at least over this time period.     

Y形整治建筑物护滩效果分析

近年来,在航道整治工程中采用了一种外形类似"Y"的整治建筑物,取得了较好的护滩效果。选取长江下游典型潮汐分汊河段——白茆沙河段进行地形概化,采用潮流数学模型研究Y形建筑物的护滩效果。结果表明,护滩堤一般就近布置在需守护的滩体前沿等深线附近,护滩堤长度需覆盖滩体迎流面最宽处,护滩堤高程可取潮汐分汊河段特征水位;头部潜堤一般沿滩脊线布置,长度延伸至需守护的低滩,可根据多年历史地形资料选择在滩体稳定的等深线附近,高程则以可满足整治建筑物结构安全即可。     

长江航道整治护滩结构分析

长江中下游航道整治工程已实施了大量的护滩工程,采用的护滩结构有鱼骨坝（梳齿坝）、软体排、网垫（网格）和四面六边透水框架等。在总结护滩结构已有研究成果的基础上,分析了上述结构的变形机理。通过对护滩结构在安庆水道航道整治工程中运用效果的分析,总结了护滩结构的适应性,可为今后类似工程提供借鉴。     

固化土充泥袋技术在滩涂开发工程中的应用

工程实践表明,固化土冲泥袋在滩涂开发围海造陆工程中是一项值得推广的新技术。它具有施工成本低、效率高、质量易于控制的优点,同时具有在其它工程中进一步开发的空间。     

软体排护滩带的护滩效果研究

长江中下游心滩河段水沙运动规律较为复杂,碍航问题也较为突出。为了改变这种现状,可采用护心滩建筑物对心滩进行守护,以达到恢复和改善航道条件的目的。以长江中游典型碍航心滩河段——沙市三八滩河段为原型,进行了心滩采用软体排护滩带守护的概化模型试验,结合理论分析,详细论述了软体排护滩前后心滩和河床的冲刷变化规律以及软体排护滩带对汊道分流分沙比的影响。给出了水流挟沙力和动床阻力在心滩河段汊道及滩上的沿程变化规律。对心滩守护前后的水流挟沙力和动床阻力进行了对比分析,并对软体排护滩的整体效果进行了总结。     

漳州南太武海滩泥化综合整治

南太武海滩前部水域浪小流弱,九龙江和近岸陆域排洪排污对海滩直接影响较大,造成严重的沙滩泥化和环境问题。面对复杂的外部边界条件,综合海岸动力学、生态学、环境学等多学科的方法,统筹城市排洪排污需求和景观生态需要,分析沙滩泥化的现状和机理,从技术、经济和生态方面论证了治理方案的可行性,并创新性探索减淤屏在整治海滩泥化工程设计中的应用。     

The Potential of a Legislative Approach to Managing Beach Use: The Case of Beach Bylaws in the Republic of Ireland

This article examines the use of inland mined sand and offshore dredged sand for beach nourishment projects in North Carolina, focusing on the question of whether inland mined sand is economically preferential for hot‐spot erosion control. Excavation, processing, and transport costs are presented, and cost efficiencies of hypothetical beach nourishment projects are compared. Cost analyses indicate that inland mined sand is economical for small projects (10,000–50,000 cubic yards), given that a clean sand source can be located within 15 miles of the nourishment site. The two factors primarily influencing per cubic yard costs of inland sand are overland transportation expenses and processing costs. The use of dredged offshore sand is less expensive for large projects (> 100,000 cubic yards) due to the economies of scale affecting dredge mobilization. Large beach nourishment projects in North Carolina will most likely continue to utilize offshore dredged sand.     

Development of Beach Analysis Tools for Caribbean Small Islands

Beach erosion presents a hazard to coastal tourism facilities, which provide the main economic thrust for most Caribbean small islands (CSIs). Ad hoc approaches to addressing this problem have given way to the integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) approach, which recommends data collection, analysis of coastal processes, and assessment of impacts. UNESCO's Coast and Beach Stability in the Caribbean (COSALC) project has provided most CSIs with an opportunity to monitor their beaches and collect over 10 years of data. Research has been directed at integrating these data with geographic information systems (GIS) and other information technologies to develop a prototype beach analysis and management system (BAMS) for CSIs. This article presents the results of phase I development of this effort, which includes the development of tools for integrating spatial and non-spatial coastal data, estimating long-term beach erosion/accretion and sand volume change trends at individual beaches, identifying erosion-sensitive beaches, and mapping beach erosion hazards. The Southeast Peninsula, St. Kitts, is used as a case study to develop these tools and demonstrate system functionality.