共振转换器的动力反共振隔振理论与应用

共振转换器是一种有效的动力反共振隔振装置.文章建立了共振转换器的动力学模型,推导了共振转换器隔振系统的力传递率表达式,以此作为理论预测依据分析了其动力反共振隔振特性,并且讨论了相关参数影响,最后介绍了共振转换器在船舶轴系纵向减振方面的应用.仿真结果表明,共振转换器具有液压放大效应和反共振机制,在反共振条件下力传递率可以降低至极低水平,选择低粘度和低密度的流体介质可以提高隔振效果.轴系试验台测试结果显示,共振转换器在隔离宽带振动的同时,还可有效地消减轴系纵向振动的低频共振峰,具有很大的实船应用价值.     

潜载导弹垂直发射水弹道和分离弹道研究

针对导弹水下垂直发射时的水中弹道进行了数学仿真研究,计算和讨论了艇速对导弹水中运行弹道的影响和波浪力对导弹出水参数的影响,并在水弹道研究的基础上对导弹与运载器水面分离弹道也进行了数值计算研究.研究过程中在中国船舶科学研究中心进行了水洞模型实验和水弹道模型实验.数学仿真结果与模型水弹道实验数据的比较结果表明,两者相符.     

一种波浪增减水的数值研究方法

本文基于Boussinesq方程提出一种计算波浪辐射应力的方法。将模型应用于规则波破碎波浪的物理模型实验,从均方根波高、波浪辐射应力以及波浪增减水三个方面对比模拟结果与实验结果,验证模型的可靠性和实用性。     

螺旋桨粘性流场的数值模拟

对商业软件FLUENT提供的三种k-ε湍流模型进行KP505桨敞水时三个典型进速系数下的流场进行计算。选定一种湍流模型进行多个进速系数下的敞水性能计算,并把计算得到的结果与实验数据比较,吻合良好,并对螺旋桨敞水时三个典型工况进行研究,分析他们的流场特征。     

耦合VOF的非线性k-ε模型三维溃坝数值模拟

溃坝是一种伴随有巨大破坏力的灾害性的水流现象。三维溃坝的数值模拟能够为溃坝水流的研究分析提供科学的依据。针对瞬间全溃模型水流的复杂性,考虑水库下游障碍物的滞水及阻水作用,利用开源程序OpenFOAM建立了耦合VOF对流方程的三维非线性(NL)k-ε紊流数学模型求解雷诺时均纳维斯托克斯方程。采用有限体积法进行离散,利用PISO算法进行数值求解。通过模拟下游为三角形障碍物、矩形障碍物以及90°弯道的溃坝实验,并将模拟结果与实验结果进行对比分析,初步证明了该模型的准确性和鲁棒性。     

一种航行体水弹道的数值仿真与试验研究

针对一种航行体复杂的水弹道特性,对流固耦合数值计算方法进行分析,并在此基础上采用MSC.DYTRAN有限元分析软件建立起航行体水弹道仿真计算模型,应用该模型计算得到航行体水中运动规律。研究了水弹道缩比试验相似准则及测试方法,开展多发次缩比试验获取了航行体水弹道特性。仿真计算和缩比试验结果的对比分析表明二者一致性较好,试验和计算方法能够为相似研究提供指导。     

小水线面船水动力特性试验研究

从受力分析出发,作了5条小水线面双体船约束模型水动力试验研究,并与拖曳船模试验结果作了比较,两者之间有较好的一致性。根据试验结果,分析了在约束情况下的小水线面双体船的水动力特性,认为约束船模试验是从船舶水动力特点去研究中低速下小水线面双体船的航行姿态和稳定性能的一种有效手段。并可为小水线面双体船的3维流体力学理论计算,性能预报模型提供验证,修正基础依据。文章并提供了一种依据试验方法去确定小水线面双体船姿态控制鳍面积的方法。     

氢燃料电池动力技术在船舶动力能效改进的应用

本文介绍氢燃料电池的基本结构和基本理论,开发一种结合氢燃料电池技术的船舶动力系统,针对新型船舶动力系统的电机选型、DC/DC转换器模块的电路设计等问题进行详细说明.为了验证氢燃料电池船舶动力系统的能效,在仿真软件Matlab中建立仿真模型,对比了 2种动力系统的能量消耗量.     

电力推进对船舶直流区域配电稳定性影响

对于未来的全电力船舶,直流区域配电成为重要选择.为探索船舶能量管理系统中占全船电力负荷最大的推进负载对直流区域配电系统的暂态影响,在理论分析的基础上,利用matlab/simulink软件,构建了船舶直流区域配电系统仿真模型,系统包括DC\DC、DC\AC等电力转换器件以及必要的附件.通过仿真,验证了理论推导,发现电力推进系统在加速过程中对直流区域配电电压稳定存在影响,该影响对于不同的系统剩余功率、分级方式、加速速率,影响也不同.为研究如何能够在稳定性容许范围内最快速的加载推进负载提供了理论基础.     

浅水低速舰船通过雷区危险航速的预报模型

根据舰船水压场与航速关系密切的特点,可通过限速航行以实现舰船自身防护安全通过水压水雷区.在浅水、薄船、线性兴波条件下,将舰船水压场计算公式具体应用到舰船通过雷区危险航速的预报中,针对不同水压水雷的引信动作参数,建立了危险航速预报模型,实验结果与预报结果吻合良好.为方便实用,编制了人机交互界面软件,能实时、快捷地进行危险航速预报.预报模型和软件可为战时舰船安全通过雷区提供参考依据.     

一种光伏逆变器的多输出辅助开关电源设计

本文设计了一种光伏逆变器的辅助开关电源。由于光伏逆变器需要的辅助电源路数很多,且要考虑高、低压的隔离,所以设计了两个反激式开关电源。文中介绍了这两个开关电源的计算和设计过程,重点论述了变压器磁芯及绕组的设计、反馈及稳压电路的设计。设计的辅助电源已经用于光伏逆变器上,运行稳定可靠。良好的实验结果证明了设计方法的正确性。     

Large eddy simulations for quasi-2D turbulence in shallow flows: A comparison between different subgrid scale models

In this study, the performance of the horizontal large eddy simulation module, developed at the University of Leuven (HLES-KULeuven module) is assessed. A comparison between different subgrid scale models has been carried out. The study is concerned with the non-rotating and unstratified flows. The results of the simulation for an oscillatory backward facing (BFS) flow are presented in case of an expanding flume based on a one-length scale approach and a two-length scale approach. Three subgrid scale (SGS) models have been tested: Smagorinsky SGS model (Smagorinsky, J., (1963). General circulation experiments with the primitive equations, I. the basic experiments. Monthly Weather Review, 91(3), 99–164), Uittenbogaard SGS model (Uittenbogaard, R.E., and van Vossen, B., (2004). Subgrid-scale model for quasi-2D turbulence in shallow water. Shallow Flows. Jirka and Uijttewaal (Eds.), Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 90 5809 700 5) and a proposed two-length scale approach. The first two models are considered to be a one-length scale models. A simulation without a subgrid scale model for the horizontal mixing has also been conducted. In all simulations, a quadratic friction model parameterizes the dissipation produced by the 3D-subdepth scale turbulence. The two-length scale concept uses a newly mixing length formulation for the quasi-2D turbulence and doesn't depend on the filter width in contrast to the one-length scale approach, in which the mixing length is function of the filter width. The outputs of the HLES-KULeuven module have been compared with the experimental data taken from Stelling, G.S., and Wang, L.X., (1984). Experiments and computations on separating flow in an expanding flume. Dept. Civil Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Report 2–84.). The two-length scale approach has been validated with experimental data from SERC Flood Channel Facility at HR Wallingford. In general, there is a qualitative agreement with the experimental data. It has also been found that the two-length scale approach produces more elongated and less isotropic vortex than the one-length scale models.     

On the fluid-structure response of elastic-plastic ship sides subjected to impact loads

This paper presents a simplified numerical model capable of analysing the interaction between the structural dynamic response of elastic-plastic struck plate wall of a fluid tank subjected to wedge impact and the resulting fluid motion. The Variational Finite Difference Method (VFDM) is applied to analyse the structural dynamics of the struck plate and 2-D linear potential flow theory is used to study the resulting fluid motion and its effects on the structural dynamics of the struck plate. Experiments of a wedge indenter impacting with both empty and 90% filled tanks are carried out to study the structural deformation of the struck plate. The accuracy of the developed numerical model is validated with published results and experimental results, and good agreement is achieved. Through the comparison of the impact behaviour of empty and partially filled water tank, it is found that the resulting water motion helps to reduce the structural deformation of the struck plate since part of the impact energy is dissipated by the resulting water motion. Parametric studies are performed to investigate the effect of impact velocity and water level on the structural dynamics of the struck plate of a partially filled water tank. A case study is also conducted to demonstrate the potential application of the proposed method in analysing ship-ice impact problems.     

NSPMF-EB耦合模型及其在近岸波浪计算中的应用

提出通过耦合透水介质的流体运动方程(NSPMF模型)和改良Boussinesq方程(EB模型)来描述近岸水波现象的数学模型。NSPMF模型的优越性在于它能描述波浪破碎、越浪以及波浪和各种结构物(包括透水性结构物)之间的相互作用等伴随着复杂流动结构的局部波动现象;EB模型则可用于求解广阔海域内非线性不规则波浪的运动和变形过程。耦合模型兼有二者的优势,具有广阔的应用前景。验证计算的结果表明本文建议的耦合方法是有效的。     

基于LES与Powell涡声理论的孔腔流激噪声数值模拟研究

孔腔流动中含有复杂的流体振荡,不但能够引起明显的噪声,而且会造成物体脉动压力和阻力的急剧增加,因而孔腔流动与流激噪声已经成为流声耦合研究领域的重要内容。文章首先对于Powell涡声理论进行了介绍,给出了涡声方程及其求解的详细推导过程,随后利用圆柱/机翼组合体与方腔流激噪声测试结果验证了计算方法的可靠性,最后采用大涡模拟方法结合Powell涡声方程数值计算了两型孔腔在不同水速下的流激噪声,并与中国船舶科学研究中心循环水槽试验结果进行了对比分析,结果表明数值计算方法能够较准确地预报孔腔流激噪声,并能展示孔腔内外涡旋结构。计算结果表明:在500 Hz以下的低频段,格栅1型孔腔的流激噪声显著高于格栅2型孔腔;在500 Hz-10 k Hz高频段,格栅2型孔腔流激噪声比格栅1型孔腔高,但随着流速的增高,两种孔腔流激噪声在高频段的幅值基本一致。这些现象与孔腔内的涡旋结构密切相关。文中对孔腔流激噪声的数值预报方法进行了验证,有益于理解孔腔非定常流动的物理机理,且为抑制孔腔流激噪声奠定了基础。     

一种基于体积力螺旋桨模型的自航计算方法

文章以集装箱船模型KCS(KRISO Container Ship)为研究对象,基于通用CFD软件FLUENT 12.0.16,采用螺旋桨体积力模型,实现了模型尺度下实船自航点的全粘带自由面计算。该文的计算包括静水拖航计算、自航计算,以及扭矩对自航计算结果的影响分析。通过与试验值的分析比较,验证了该方法的有效性。由于采用了完全结构化的六面体网格,带对称面的计算域单元数仅为33万。研究结果还表明:考虑扭矩的全流场计算对于改善流动细节,获得更精确的计算结果是有利的,但计算量有所增加。     

球体波能转换装置捕获能量的理论研究

球体波能转换装置在波浪的激励下可以同时在水平和竖直两个模式振荡。基于线性微幅波浪和势流理论,将波浪与球体相互作用简化为球体固定不动,波浪绕过球体和球体在静止流体中运动。线性叠加以后得到总的速度势,计算出球体波能转换装置的平均功率和能量俘获宽度因子的解析表达式。理论研究表明:装置与波浪运动的相位差是影响波能的最重要的参数,最优相位差为-π/2,并且给出了最优相位差调节的理论表达式。另外,对波长、波幅、球体半径、水深和球心距静水面的距离等因素也进行了分析。     

舰船电力系统中智能电网技术的应用浅析

  目的  由于海面传感器的耗能点分散、负荷波动幅度较大且节能降耗的需求迫切,为了优化能量供给模式,提出面向海面传感器的船载能量网络（SEN）。  方法  首先,基于车载能量网络、动态无线充电技术及电动船舶技术,分析SEN模型的可行性;然后,基于海面传感器的特点,建立SEN模型,提出能量传输最大化和能量损失最小化这2个问题,并定义问题模型和约束函数;最后,通过开源模型MaritimeSim选取基础实验数据集。  结果  实验结果表明,通过合理设置参数,SEN能够将海上可再生能量传输至海面传感器节点,从而补充电力网络并增强其电能传输能力。  结论  研究成果可为优化海面传感器的能量供给提供新的设计方法。     

Hydroelastic analysis of oblique irregular waves with a pontoon-type VLFS edged with dual inclined perforated plates

The fluid-structure interaction of oblique irregular waves with a pontoon-type very large floating structure (VLFS) edged with dual horizontal/inclined perforated plates has been investigated in the context of the direct time domain modal expansion theory. For the hydroelastic analysis, the boundary element method (BEM) based on time domain Kelvin sources is implemented to establish water wave model including the viscous effect of the perforated plates through the Darcy’s law, and the finite element method (FEM) is adopted for solving the deflections of the VLFS modeled as an equivalent Mindlin thick plate. In order to enhance the computing efficiency, the interpolation-tabulation scheme is applied to assess rapidly and accurately the free-surface Green function and its partial derivatives in finite water depth, and the boundary integral equation of a half or quarter VLFS model is further established taking advantage of symmetry of flow field and structure. Also, the numerical solutions are validated against a series of experimental tests. In the comparison, the empirical relationship between the actual porosity and porous parameter is successfully applied. Numerical solutions and model tests are executed to determine the hydroelastic response characteristics of VLFS with an attached anti-motion device. This study examines the effects of porosity, submerged depth, inclined angle and gap distance of such dual perforated anti-motion plates on the hydroelastic response to provide information regarding the optimal design. The effects of oblique wave angle on the performance of anti-motion and hydroelastic behavior of VLFS are also emphatically examined.     

移动粒子半隐式法的大涡模拟研究与应用

研究了移动粒子半隐式法(MPS),结合Smagorinsky涡粘模型,实现了MPS的大涡模拟。针对MPS中原自由表面判别方法容易造成非自由表面粒子被误判这一缺陷,提出了一种新的基于邻居搜索的混合判别方法,该方法在原方法容易出错的阶段使用邻居搜索,搜索范围和MPS模型中梯度模型一致以减少计算量,使用表明该方法能够较准确地识别自由表面并显著地减少原自由表面判别法导致的误判现象。在压力震荡现象方面,使用了一种时间-面积混合平均法。最后模拟了溃坝模型和半满液箱模型,模拟的结果同实验值基本保持一致。