椭圆余弦波浅水变形实用计算法(Ⅱ)——对《海港水文规范》的一个补充

针对我国《海港水文规范》中基于线性波浪理论的浅水变形计算现状,本文的第Ⅰ部分提出了建立在椭圆余弦波理论基础上的浅水变形实用计算法(PCM),用于计算沿直线传播的波浪的浅水变形。在其基础上,考虑了海底地形变化引起的波浪折射影响,使得PCM方法能拓展用于缓变水域近岸浅水波要素的计算。最后给出一个算例,采用PCM方法分别计算了不同外界因素(理想情况、风、海底摩擦、风及海底摩擦)作用下的浅水变形结果,并与商业软件DHI-MIKE21的计算结果进行比较,结果比较吻合。     

椭圆余弦波浅水变形实用计算法(Ⅰ)——对《海港水文规范》的一个补充

尽管线性波浪理论不适宜应用在近岸浅水海域,但我国《海港水文规范》中波浪浅水变形的计算方法仍是建立在线性波浪理论的基础上,且没有考虑外界因素(如风和海底摩擦)的影响,为弥补上述不足,基于波浪传播过程中能量守恒的原理建立了一个波浪浅水变形的数值模型,谊模型采用椭圆余弦波假定,并考虑了风和海底摩擦对波能的增加和损耗作用。在该数值模型基础上,分析大量工况下的计算结果、提出了便于工程设计初期用于确定近岸波浪要素的浅水变形实用计算方法(PCM)。     

我国规范与美国《海岸工程手册》风浪后报计算的差异*

在缺少海洋水文观测资料的情况下,利用风浪后报推算设计波浪参数是工程上常用的方法。探究了我国现行《海港水文规范》中“深水风浪要素计算图解法”诺谟图存在的缺陷,并与美国工兵团新版《海岸工程手册》的波浪图解 后报方法进行了比较分析,所得结论对于我国海岸与近海工程的波浪后报计算具有重要参考意义。     

考虑流固耦合影响的桩基波浪力简化计算方法

离岸深水全直桩码头,由于其桩基的自由高度大、柔度增加、自振周期长,且位于无掩护开敞海域,波浪与结构相互作用问题突出。如何考虑流固耦合作用对桩上波浪力的影响,并建立便于工程应用的计算方法,是工程实践提出的亟待解决的课题。文中利用有限元软件ADINA建立了水体和桩基结构相互作用的三维有限元数值模型,并采用有限元数值模型对考虑流固耦合影响的改进Morison波浪力计算公式进行了验证。采用改进Morison波浪力计算公式研究了流固耦合对桩身波浪力的影响,并给出了考虑流固耦合影响的波浪力放大系数图表。在此基础上,提出了考虑流固耦合影响的波浪力简化计算方法。     

Assessment of the volume of fluid method for free-surface wave flow

This study was concerned with the free-surface wave flow around a surface-piercing foil. The volume of fluid method implemented in a Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamics code was employed. Three widely used discretization schemes for the volume of fluid method were assessed for a test case that involved general ship waves, spilling breaking waves in front of the leading edge, and bubbly free surfaces in separated regions. A single computational approach was selected for the comparison, and a grid-dependence study was carried out. The computational results were validated against existing experimental data, showing good agreement. The validation results suggest that all three discretization schemes perform well, but the best and most efficient results were obtained using the high-resolution interface capturing scheme.     

断面形心法在防波堤项目工程计量中的应用

在防波堤项目中,常常遇到旋转体结构的工程计量问题,断面形心法可以较好地解决这类问题。首先从数学原理上证明了形心法的正确性,接着分析了它的适用范围和对象以及确定形心和断面密度的方法,最后用一个实际案例进一步阐述了它的具体应用和优点。借助计算机程序,这种方法可以大大提高工作效率,减少审批时间,从而更好地创造效益。     

循环水槽隔板设计与水槽倾斜研究

  目的  风洞和循环水槽是很重要的流体力学试验设备。为高效地形成风洞或循环水槽的气动力学/水动力学设计方案,开发了基于CFD的风洞循环水槽设计系统程序。  方法  该程序集实体三维建模、网格自动生成、黏性流场求解及CFD计算后处理结果输出等功能于一身,在操作流程上实现从初始参数录入到优化目标参数输出一键操作的设想,用自动化的程序节省修改模型和网格过程所花费的人力和时间成本。通过参考上海交通大学风洞循环水槽对程序进行校验。  结果  结果表明,该软件在风洞的设计及性能预报方面具有很好的可信度和便捷性。  结论  该程序具有一定的理论方法创新和较高的工程应用价值。     

超小水线面单体船波浪载荷确定方法探讨

通过分析波浪和船体的相对位置,利用微段载荷求和的方法计算静波浪载荷,提出超小水线面单体船的波浪载荷计算方法,实例计算表明在静水平衡状态的基础上,可以有效地计算其静波浪载荷,为超小水线面单体船的研究提供参考。     

Numerical calculation method for the hydroelastic response of a pontoon-type very large floating structure close to a breakwater

This paper presents an effective scheme for calculating the wave-induced hydroelastic response of a pontoon-type very large floating structure (VLFS) when it is near a breakwater. The basic numerical calculation method is the one previously developed by the same author for a VLFS in the open sea (no breakwater), which is expanded to include the effect of the hydrodynamic mutual interaction between the breakwater and the floating structure. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method are validated through comparisons with other numerical results and with existing experimental results. After that confirmation, various numerical calculations were conducted, paying special attention to the resonance phenomena which will occur depending on the relation between the wavelength and the clearance between the breakwater and the floating structure. The irregular frequency phenomenon which appears in the calculation of the fluid dynamic problem is discussed in the appendices, including a method for its elimination. Received: October 31, 2000 / Accepted: December 19, 2000     

Spatial and temporal variability in the pelagic ecosystem of the East Sea (Sea of Japan): A review

The East Sea (Sea of Japan) is a unique marginal sea because it exhibits features of oceanic dynamics of much larger ocean basins. This semi-enclosed basin may be considered as a model or microcosm for understanding of how biological processes and distributions in pelagic ecosystem are interacting with physical processes in highly dynamic ocean regions. This overview summarizes the recent progresses concerning spatial and temporal variability of pelagic ecosystem components form an interdisciplinary point of view. Spatial characteristics of physical environments and biogeography in the region are distinguished mainly by the subpolar front. It was also found that long-term changes in biomass and community structure as well as those in the physical and biological environments are associated with climate variability in the region. We conclude by identifying main needs for the information and researches, particularly regular and long-term sampling, and permanent monitoring if possible.     

四元数法在AUV六自由度仿真中的应用

AUV六自由度仿真几乎无一例外都是基于欧拉角方法来求解运动微分方程,这种方法可以很直观地得到AUV的位置和姿态角,不过在纵倾角±90°的情况下会产生奇异点,使仿真无法进行下去.为克服上述不足,采用了四元数法取代欧拉法.仿真结果表明,四元数法可以进行任意角度的仿真.