主动油气悬架试验模型的研制

文章重点介绍了一个二自由度主动悬研制情况。该模型于１９９７年１０月在清华大学汽车工程系统建成，成功地进行了多种主动悬架控制策略的试验和验证工作得到了较好的结果，为后续研究工作的顺利进行提供了良好的试验手段。     

侧面碰撞微型加速计

近年来,侧面碰撞事故呈上升趋势,虽然业界对此原因有一些认识,但却对如何最佳地组建侧面碰撞测试方案以有效地收集数据缺乏共识。不过有一点被广泛认同的是,需要在碰撞测试过程中收集更多的数据,但这一点一直以来由于传感器价格昂贵以及外形尺寸太大而受到限制。本文将介绍一款硅MEMS设计的微型加速计。该加速计有很好的价格优势而且易于安装在空间有限的位置。本文主要简述产品规格并讨论了它的关键特性。     

多自由度并联机构主动视觉平台机构中虎克铰的设计

根据已设计出的六自由度并联机构的主动视觉平台的虚拟样机,对其中的铰链结构虎克铰进行设计,在约束条件的分析设定中,充分考虑了虎克铰关节的摆角范围,给出了虎克铰摆角的计算公式。为系统的稳定性和运动准确性提供了保障。     

A comprehensive review of the development of adaptive cruise control systems

It has been 15 years since the first generation of adaptive cruise control (ACC)-equipped vehicles was available on the market and 7 years since the ISO standard for the first generation of ACC systems was produced. Since the next generation of ACC systems and more advanced driver-assistant systems are at the verge of complete introduction and deployment, it is necessary to summarise the development and research achievements of the first generation of ACC systems in order to provide more useful experiential guidance for the new deployment. From multidimensional perspectives, this paper looks into the related development and research achievements to objectively and comprehensively introduce an ACC system to researchers, automakers, governments and consumers. It attempts to simply explain what an ACC system is and how it operates from a systematic perspective. Then, it clearly draws a broad historical picture of ACC development by splitting the entire history into three different phases. Finally, the most significant research findings-related ACC systems have been reviewed and summarised from the human, traffic and social perspectives respectively.     

Accident investigations for active safety at CHALMERS - new demands require new methodologies

In order to develop efficient active safety systems, knowledge about what causes traffic accidents is required. One way to gather such knowledge is through traffic accident investigations. For the needs of active safety, most current accident investigation methodologies do not provide a sufficiently detailed or theoretically anchored analysis. Therefore, new studies need to be carried out using new theoretical frameworks and analysis methods. At CHALMERS, a new methodology called driving reliability and error analysis method has been developed and tried out during recent years. The methodology, as described and exemplified, shows good promise of meeting the needs of active safety accident investigation projects. Results from studies using the methodology also imply consequences for how benefit estimation of new active safety systems should be carried out.     

A practical and effective approach to active suspension control

A new approach to the control of Automotive Active Suspensions driven by electrohydraulic actuators is presented. Many studies on Active Suspensions focused on implementing a desired force between sprung and unsprung masses. It is shown why the introduction of this controllable force is difficult to achieve. A novel reformulation of the Active Suspension problem, based on prescribing a given displacement between the sprung and unsprung masses, is introduced and the advantages of this approach are discussed. As a result of the reformulation, the Active Suspension problem is transformed from previously examined 'force-tracking' problems to a 'displacement-tracking' problem. Once the reformulation is accomplished, the ability for a well designed servo-control methodology to achieve the desired tracking goals is increased for the particular hardware configuration considered in this work, subject to fundamental limitations on control-plant structure. Experimental results which demonstrate the benefits of this approach are presented on a 1 degree of freedom (DOF) system.     

具有地面不平度预测量系统的主动悬架系统的连续模糊控制

本文采用连续模糊控制方法来实现具有地面不平度预测量系统的主动悬架动力装置的控制，并通过模拟计算证明了采用此方法可使汽车和行驶平顺性和行驶安全性同时得到有效改善，结果还明，它可以有效降低主动系统消耗的最大功率和一定程度降低总能量的消耗。     

近10年来我国轿车市场回顾及展望

回顾过去的10年,我国轿车市场的消费结构及产销情况都发生了巨大的变化。文章对2000—2009年各年度的轿车市场状况进行了回顾与分析,阐述了各年度轿车市场的特点及各品牌轿车的贡献。指出从2009年上半年我国轿车市场的运行状况来看,2010年我国轿车产销量还将保持较快增长态势,但增幅小于2009年,增幅将在20%左右;2010年将迎来我国新能源汽车发展的元年。     

Optimal roll control of an articulated vehicle: theory and model validation

This paper investigates optimal roll control of an experimental articulated vehicle. The test vehicle and the mathematical model used to design the control strategies are presented. The vehicle model is validated against experimental data from the test vehicle in passive configuration. The initial controller design, performed by Sampson (Sampson, D.J.M. and Cebon, D., 2003a, Achievable roll stability of heavy road vehicles. Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs, Part D, J. Automobile Engineering, 217(4), 269-287), is reviewed and adapted for the experimental vehicle. The effect of not controlling all the axles on the vehicle is investigated and a variable vehicle speed controller is designed by interpolating between constant speed controllers. Substantial reduction in normalized load transfer is achieved for a range of manoeuvres, both in steady-state and transient conditions.     

Optimal roll control of an articulated vehicle: theory and model validation

This paper investigates optimal roll control of an experimental articulated vehicle. The test vehicle and the mathematical model used to design the control strategies are presented. The vehicle model is validated against experimental data from the test vehicle in passive configuration. The initial controller design, performed by Sampson (Sampson, D.J.M. and Cebon, D., 2003a, Achievable roll stability of heavy road vehicles. Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs, Part D, J. Automobile Engineering, 217(4), 269–287), is reviewed and adapted for the experimental vehicle. The effect of not controlling all the axles on the vehicle is investigated and a variable vehicle speed controller is designed by interpolating between constant speed controllers. Substantial reduction in normalized load transfer is achieved for a range of manoeuvres, both in steady-state and transient conditions.     

Nonlinear dynamics and stability analysis of vehicle plane motions

In this article, the problems of dynamics and stability for vehicle planar motion systems have been investigated. By introducing a so-called joint-point locus approach, equilibria of the system and their associated stability properties are given geometrically. With this method, it is discovered that the difference between the front and the rear steering angles plays a key role in vehicle system dynamics and that the topological structure of the phase portrait and the types of bifurcations are different from those published previously. In particular, the vehicle system could still be stabilized even when pushed to work in a certain severely nonlinear region, by applying extremely large steering angles. However, it is worth noticing that the attractive domain of the stable equilibrium is very narrow. These developments might prove to be important in active steering control design. Numerical experiments are carried out to illustrate the potentials of the proposed techniques.     

走向世界的重庆桥梁

伴随着西部大开发和国家积极的财政政策,重庆交通建设取得了快速发展,建设了大量桥梁,许多桥梁已达到国内先进水平甚至世界级水平。对重庆桥梁建设的发展历史进行了简要回顾,重点对具有代表意义、技术先进的17座重庆桥梁进行了综述性介绍。     

Nonlinear dynamics and stability analysis of vehicle plane motions

In this article, the problems of dynamics and stability for vehicle planar motion systems have been investigated. By introducing a so-called joint-point locus approach, equilibria of the system and their associated stability properties are given geometrically. With this method, it is discovered that the difference between the front and the rear steering angles plays a key role in vehicle system dynamics and that the topological structure of the phase portrait and the types of bifurcations are different from those published previously. In particular, the vehicle system could still be stabilized even when pushed to work in a certain severely nonlinear region, by applying extremely large steering angles. However, it is worth noticing that the attractive domain of the stable equilibrium is very narrow. These developments might prove to be important in active steering control design. Numerical experiments are carried out to illustrate the potentials of the proposed techniques.     

Evaluation of automotive forward collision warning and collision avoidance algorithms

Collision warning/collision avoidance (CW/CA) systems target a major crash type and their development is a major thrust of the Intelligent Vehicle Initiative. They are a natural extension of adaptive cruise control systems already available on many car models. Many CW/CA algorithms have recently been proposed but the existing literature mainly focuses on algorithm development. Evaluations of these algorithms have been usually based on subjective ratings. The main contribution of this paper is the utilization of a naturalistic driving data set for the evaluation of CW/CA algorithms. We first collect manual driving data from the ICCFOT project, then process the data by Kalman smoothing, and finally identify 'threatening' and 'safe' data sets according to vehicle brake inputs and vehicle range behavior. Five CW/CA algorithms published in the literature are evaluated against the identified data sets. The performance of these algorithms is determined through a performance metric commonly used in signal detection and information retrieval under unbalanced data population.     

Development of an active front steering (AFS) system with QFT control

This paper investigates an active front steering control strategy based on quantitative feedback theory (QFT). By incorporating feedback from a yaw rate sensor into the active steering system, the control system improves the dynamic response of the vehicle. The steering response of a vehicle generally depends upon uncertain quantities like mass, velocity, and road conditions. Thus, QFT is used to design a controller with robust performance. A multi-degree-of-freedom nonlinear model is co-simulated here by MATLAB Simulink and ADAMS/CAR. The performance of the control system is evaluated under various emergency maneuvers and road conditions. The result shows that the designed robust control system has good control performance and can efficiently improve handing qualities and stability characteristics.     

基于激光雷达的自动驾驶同步定位与建图方法综述

同步定位与建图（Simultaneous Localization and Mapping,SLAM）技术可使自动驾驶车辆在未知环境中根据车载传感器采集到的数据估计自身位姿,建立环境地图,为车辆的规划、决策提供定位信息,是近年来自动驾驶技术研究的热点之一。基于车载激光雷达的点云数据,聚焦SLAM技术在自动驾驶领域的应用,围绕前端里程计、后端优化和回环检测技术,对国内外相关研究进行综述。考虑到单一传感器的局限性,结合目前多传感器融合研究的热点与难点,展望了自动驾驶多传感器融合SLAM技术在自动驾驶领域的机遇与挑战。     

The influence of compliant chassis components on motorcycle dynamics: an historical overview and the potential future impact of carbon fibre

This paper details the influence of compliant chassis components on motorcycle dynamics. Initially, research which has previously been carried out in terms of motorcycle dynamics and in particular the impact of compliant chassis components on motorcycle dynamics is discussed. This paper then considers the consequences of these findings with regard to the use of modern materials such as carbon fibre reinforced plastics and the impact they will potentially have on motorcycle dynamics and its simulation.     

整车主动悬架系统的数学建模

悬架系统是一个复杂的动力学系统,其模型的精确性、合理性对主动悬架的研究起到决定性作用.为进一步满足车辆乘坐舒适性的要求,以整车模型为研究对象,运用八板块方法进行动力学分析,根据牛顿运动学定律推导出悬架各部分的力学微分方程,从而建立了包含俯仰运动模型、侧倾运动模型和转向运动模型的整车模型,为车辆主动悬架的进一步研究提供了理论基础与依据.     

Evaluation of automotive forward collision warning and collision avoidance algorithms

Collision warning/collision avoidance (CW/CA) systems target a major crash type and their development is a major thrust of the Intelligent Vehicle Initiative. They are a natural extension of adaptive cruise control systems already available on many car models. Many CW/CA algorithms have recently been proposed but the existing literature mainly focuses on algorithm development. Evaluations of these algorithms have been usually based on subjective ratings. The main contribution of this paper is the utilization of a naturalistic driving data set for the evaluation of CW/CA algorithms. We first collect manual driving data from the ICCFOT project, then process the data by Kalman smoothing, and finally identify ‘threatening’ and ‘safe’ data sets according to vehicle brake inputs and vehicle range behavior. Five CW/CA algorithms published in the literature are evaluated against the identified data sets. The performance of these algorithms is determined through a performance metric commonly used in signal detection and information retrieval under unbalanced data population.     

汽车动力总成液力悬置——一种新型隔振元件的结构发展

动力总成液力悬置是国外70年代末在汽车上开始应用的新型隔振元件，是国际汽车隔振技术的重大突破，由于它具有优良的动特性，可明显降低汽车振动和车内噪声，因而它取代传统的橡胶悬置是未来发展的必然,本文回顾了液力悬置的发展历史，对其进行了分类，阐述了各种典型的液力悬置的结构工作原理和性能特点及其发展趋势。