基于HJ-CCD的舟山近海海域悬浮泥沙浓度遥感反演

舟山近海海域悬浮泥沙浓度较高,对于水质和生态环境等有不利影响,对其监测具有重大意义。为了反演舟山近海海域悬浮泥沙浓度,本文基于实测光谱数据和悬浮泥沙水体样本数据,结合CCD影像的波段设置,计算等效遥感反射率,建立水体遥感反射率与悬浮泥沙浓度的反演模型,发现R_e(3)/R_e(1)和R_e(3)/R_e(2)波段组合有着较高的相关性和反演精度,而(R_e(2)+R_e(3))/R_e(2)/R_e(3)的波段组合有着最高的反演精度。并利用HJ-CCD遥感数据,绘制泥沙浓度分布图,为舟山近海海域悬浮泥沙浓度监测提供有效方法。     

卫星遥感多光谱浅海水深反演法

应用卫星遥感技术反演浅海水深,对于航运安全、海洋工程、海洋军事等具有重要意义.对IKONOS高分辨率卫星影像数据进行分析处理,提出一种结合主成分分析变换的神经网络水深反演法.通过IKONOS多光谱数 据建立波段比值模型,并对该模型进行主成分分析变换,应用神经网络技术对浅海水深进行定量反演.研究结果表明,这种方法能够很好的建立IKONOS多光谱数据与实测水深数据之间的非线性关系,减少了其他外界环境因素的影响(如海水底质、海水类型等);同时去掉了波段比值模型中线性相关的冗余信息,比传统的线性回归水深反演模型具有更高的可靠性和反演精度.     

基于一维单负光子晶体的激光/红外兼容隐身技术研究

红外/激光主被动的兼容隐身要求目标物在特定波长具有高透射低反射率,而在特定波段有高反射低透射率,目前主要针对这一矛盾人们研究发现光子晶体具有的“光谱挖孔”特性适用于解决该矛盾,但效果并不理想.主要原因是常规光子晶体的“光谱挖孔”只有在垂直入射条件下才满足,而负折射材料一维单负光子晶体的缺陷模特性可以实现全向的“光谱挖孔”效果.本文针对该现象通过优化及仿真计算分别实现了1.06μm和10.6μm波长处的“光谱挖孔”.     

近海表层水体悬浮泥沙遥感定量监测研究——以舟山海域为例

利用Landsat8遥感数据反演舟山海域悬浮泥沙的时空分布。研究结果表明:在空间上径流以及潮汐作用对舟山海域悬浮泥沙浓度影响较大,使得舟山海域悬浮泥沙分布在空间上呈现"西面高东面低,近岸高远海低"的格局;在季节上,冬季强度明显高于夏季的浙闽沿岸流对舟山海域的悬浮泥沙浓度分布有较大影响,舟山海域悬浮泥沙浓度在季节上表现为"冬季高夏季低,春秋两季过渡"的现象。     

基于星地同测的长江口水文数据建模研究

为探索实现长江口水文、地形和生态的大范围、高频次、抗恶劣海况的高精度遥感监测技术,利用高分五号卫星,进行了星地同步监测方案试验,获取了建模所需高光谱大数据。采用函数拟合等数据建模方法,逐步建立了含沙量等水体参数的高光谱影像反演模型,并给出含沙量浓度反演模型的输出效果,最后指出后续深化研究方向。     

应用MODIS遥感影像反演长江口表层泥沙场

以长江口拦门沙水域为对象,利用长系列MODIS遥感数据和"长江口遥测系统"实测含沙量,建立悬浮泥沙定量遥感模型,并反演长江口水域表层悬浮泥沙场.研究结果显示大潮涨潮后期九段沙附近存在高含沙水体进入北槽中下段.     

泥沙对营养物质吸附与释放研究进展分析

水体中的泥沙分布非常广泛,它们对进入水环境系统的营养性污染物具有强烈的表面物理、化学和生物等作用,是污染物迁移、转化的主要载体。污染物与泥沙的作用对水体生态环境会产生影响。本文结合国内外研究最新动态,对泥沙及营养性污染物的形态、泥沙与水体水质的关系作了概述,重点对影响营养性污染物释放与吸附的因子作了分析,并对泥沙对营养性污染物吸附与释放存在的问题发表了一些见解。     

盐水环境下细颗粒淤泥的起动试验研究

为掌握细颗粒淤泥在盐水环境下的起动规律,利用可循环水槽开展盐水0‰泥(仅水体含盐)、盐水盐泥(水体和泥沙均含盐)和0‰水盐泥(仅泥沙含盐)3个系列的泥沙起动水槽试验.基于PIV(粒子图像测速)系统和数字图像灰度处理技术实现泥沙起动流速的定量判别.结果表明:水体或黏性泥沙的含盐度越高,黏性泥沙越难起动.黏性泥沙起动流速与...     

基于GIS和RS长江口南港冲淤变化的可视化分析

利用遥感图像反射率和实测水深值之间的相关性，建立了动量BP人工神经网络水深反演模型，对缺失的1995年的水下地形资料进行了插补，并利用插补后的1973～2003年南港水下地形资料计算了南港河段的泥沙冲淤量，分析了南港河段等深线和横断面的变化，结果表明BP人工神经网络水深反演模型能反演出研究区的水深分布情况，特别是对水深浅于-5m区域，模型反演效果更好。     

灌河口海域泥沙悬浮和沉降试验研究

掌握灌河口海域泥沙运动规律是开展灌河口航道整治研究的基础。以现场所取泥沙为研究对象,通过大型波浪水槽试验研究灌河口海域泥沙在不同的水深、不同的波周期和波高条件下的悬浮规律。通过静水沉降试验研究灌河口海域泥沙在不同初始浓度、不同水深下的沉降特性。结果表明,在极限波高情况下,水体上部区域含沙量较小,且沿垂线分布变化较小,但水体底部附近含沙量较大,总体上底部含沙量比上部水体含沙量大0.25~0.96 kg m^3;不同水深以及不同初始含沙量情况下,泥沙沉降速度0.08~0.20 cm s,与单颗粒泥沙沉速在同一量级,灌河口海域泥沙絮凝作用较弱。     

FPSO外输系统维修策略研究

浮式生产储油轮(FPSO)是当今海洋石油天然气开发的主要设备之一。针对外输系统作为FPSO重要的一个子系统,但其传统维修策略过于依赖经验的缺陷,从可靠度角度出发,通过对失效模式和失效概率的分析从而确定较为合理的检修周期和大修周期。采取失效模式和效果分析（FMEA）方法确定主要失效模式及其关系,再利用动态故障树分析（DFTA）方法获得最小割集及相应故障时间,最后通过成组维修理论从全局最优化,经济性角度确定大修周期约为3.23年。经过与工程实际数据的对比,验证了该方法的可行性和适用性。     

基于故障树的无人潜航器可靠性研究

在武器装备领域,系统的可靠性已成为重要的评价指标,故障树分析法则是可靠性仿真中最有效的分析方法之一。首先对无人潜航器(UUV)进行系统分析,然后介绍了故障树分析方法,并对该系统建立了以无人潜航器试验不能完成为顶事件的故障树。采用计算机辅助故障树分析方法对该故障树进行可靠性仿真,仿真结果求出了UUV系统的平均故障间隔时间、各基本部件的概率重要度和模式重要度,并得出了其可靠度直方图、失效分布直方图和失效密度直方图,与理论吻合。     

船舶余热驱动的吸附取水研究

根据船舶航行气象数据和主机系统在额定工况下的热量衡算,在晃振平台上测试平均孔径为12.205nm的硅胶和复合吸附剂(70%硅胶+30%氯化钙)的水蒸气吸附等温线和吸附取水量.结果表明:晃振不影响硅胶和复合吸附剂吸附水蒸气的性能,制备水都能达到GB5749-2006的指标要求,硅胶吸附取水的水质较好;复合吸附剂在相对湿度较小区域的吸附量较大,但制备淡水稍有咸味、硬度也较高.中孔以上的硅胶可作为船舶吸附取水的吸附剂.     

Pigments, size and distribution of Synechococcus spp. in the Black Sea

Pigments, size and distribution of Phycoerythrin-containing unicellular cyanobacteria Synechococcus spp. within the euphotic zone were studied for the first time in April–May 1994 in the western and southwestern Black Sea by epifluorescence microscopy and flow-cytometry. Synechococcus was present in varying quantities at every station and depth studied. Surface spatial distribution of Synechococcus revealed that cells were much more abundant in offshore waters than near coastal regions under the direct influence of the Danube river. Minimum and maximum cell concentrations ranged between 9×10² and 1.45×10⁵ cells/ml at the surface, between 2×10³ and 1.23×10⁵ cells/ml at the chlorophyll sub-maximum layer, and between 1.3×10² and 3.5×10² at the nitrite maximum layer. Cells at the chlorophyll sub-maximum layer (based on in-situ fluorometer readings) fluoresce brighter and longer than the ones at the surface and lower depths. Spectral properties of chromophore pigment types of total 64 clonal isolates from different depths down to the lower layer of the euphotic zone (60 m) in the southern Black Sea coast revealed that all have type 2 phycoerythrobilin in common, lacking in phycourobilin. In vivo fluorescence emission maxima for the phycoerythrobilin were about the same (578 nm) for all isolates. All isolates examined showed in vivo absorption maxima at between 435 and 442 nm and at about 681 nm due to chlorophyll-a. Based on the flow cytometer mean forward light scatter data for size distribution, it could be concluded that cells at the surface mixed layer (0–10 m) were larger in cell size than the cells at lower depths (20–60 m).     

舰船用新型飞轮储能动发一体机综合物理场分析(英文)

A novel flywheel energy storage(FES) motor/generator(M/G) was proposed for marine systems.The purpose was to improve the power quality of a marine power system(MPS) and strengthen the energy recycle.Two structures including the magnetic or non-magnetic inner-rotor were contrasted in the magnetostatic field by using finite element analysis(FEA).By optimally designing the size parameters,the average speed of FEA results of was 17 200 r/m,and the current was controlled between 62 and 68 A in the transient field.The electrical machine electromagnetism design was further optimized by the FEA in the temperature field,to find the local overheating point under the normal operation condition and provide guidance for the cooling system.Finally,it can be concluded from the comprehensive physical field analysis that the novel redundant structure M/G can improve the efficiency of the M/G and maintain the stability of the MPS.     

Bathymetry impacts on water exchange modelling through the Danish Straits

Deep and narrow channels in Danish Straits are one of the governing factors for the Baltic–North Sea water and salt exchange. The channels have a depth up to 50 m and a horizontal scale of a few hundred meters. The typical horizontal resolution used in current operational three dimensional Baltic–North Sea models is 1 nautical mile (nm) which can not well resolve these deep channels. In this paper, an alternative method is used to generate the 1 nm resolution bathymetry so that the deep channel is well resolved and at the same time the total water volume is roughly conserved. The impact of the new bathymetry on modelling water and salt transports as well as temperature and salinity structure is assessed by comparing a 3-year model run with the adjusted bathymetry and a control run with the averaged bathymetry. Volume and salt transports through the Great Belt are examined in the two runs. The results show that the model ocean is dominated by a typical two-layer transport (i.e., upper brackish Baltic outflow and lower saltier inflow), and the new bathymetry significantly enhances the two-layer transport. The lighter Baltic outflow is increased by 18% in the upper 10 m and saltier deep inflow is increased by 300% (in comparison with the old bathymetry) below 10 m. The total net transport into the Baltic Sea is increased by 13%. The temperature and salinity structure is also significantly influenced by the bathymetry, especially during inflow events. The stratification is strengthened and the bottom salinity is increased in Danish Straits and adjacent waters. The bathymetry impact is found significant through the entire 3-year model run period, and the signal is propagated to a large area covering the Stopple Channel. Comparison with observations show that such changes are positive improvements to the models. The results suggest that the deep channels in the Danish Straits have to be carefully resolved in order to correctly simulate the Baltic–North Sea water exchange.     

双平面焊接圆管截面DKT节点的中心撑杆鞍点及冠点位置的应力集中系数(英文)

A set of parametric stress analyses was carried out for two-planar tubular DKT-joints under different axial loading conditions.The analysis results were used to present general remarks on the effects of the geometrical parameters on stress concentration factors(SCFs) at the inner saddle,outer saddle,and crown positions on the central brace.Based on results of finite element(FE) analysis and through nonlinear regression analysis,a new set of SCF parametric equations was established for fatigue design purposes.An assessment study of equations was conducted against the experimental data and original SCF database.The satisfaction of acceptance criteria proposed by the UK Department of Energy(UK DoE) was also checked.Results of parametric study showed that highly remarkable differences exist between the SCF values in a multi-planar DKT-joint and the corresponding SCFs in an equivalent uni-planar KT-joint having the same geometrical properties.It can be clearly concluded from this observation that using the equations proposed for uni-planar KT-connections to compute the SCFs in multi-planar DKT-joints will lead to either considerably under-predicting or over-predicting results.Hence,it is necessary to develop SCF formulae specially designed for multi-planar DKT-joints.Good results of equation assessment according to UK DoE acceptance criteria,high values of correlation coefficients,and the satisfactory agreement between the predictions of the proposed equations and the experimental data guarantee the accuracy of the equations.Therefore,the developed equations can be reliably used for fatigue design of offshore structures.     

基于HHT的船舶非线性横摇运动响应特性研究

针对航行于海上船舶的横摇运动具有非线性非平稳的特点,探索采用希尔伯特-黄变换(Hilbert-Huang Transform,简称HHT)方法研究船舶在波浪中的非线性横摇运动的响应特性,对几种不同海况下的船舶的典型运动响应,首先通过经验模态分解提取典型横摇响应信号的固有模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Function,简称IMF),再对分解得到的IMF分量进行Hilbert变换,求得典型横摇响应信号的Hilbert谱,通过分析所得谱图的特征,获得船舶非线性横摇运动响应的动力学特性。仿真结果表明,HHT方法在分析船舶非线性横摇运动的动力学特性研究中具有可行性和有效性,从而为船舶运动分析研究提供了一个新的方法。     

Chlorophyll estimation in the Southeastern Mediterranean using CZCS images: adaptation of an algorithm and its validation

Region-specific algorithm to derive chlorophyll concentration from Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) images was adopted following field measurements in the Southeastern Mediterranean Sea, in June 1992. Reflectance in the range 400 to 700 nm, chlorophyll concentration and seston dry weight were measured simultaneously at 21 stations. The optical model used based on algorithm for Case I waters, using shipboard simulation of CZCS channels for adaptation of parameters. The resulting model was validated with an independent data sets from series of cruises in the Southeastern Mediterranean (1981–1984). Concurrent CZCS images were used for retrieval of the radiance ratio Channel 1/Channel 3, for each station. The resulting ratios were then used to calculate chlorophyll concentrations. A comparison between those calculated concentrations and the actual chlorophyll measurements showed that an estimation error of chlorophyll as low as 0.013 mg m⁻³ was achieved.     

江海通达船极限强度及影响参数的研究

文章针对江海通达船作了极限强度研究。根据相似原则设计出了试验模型,并进行了相应的试验研究,得出了相应的载荷—挠度曲线,试验研究结果对极限强度研究具有重要的参考价值。同时采用非线性有限法（ABAQUS）和逐步崩溃分析法（Mars2000）进行数值模拟分析,与试验值进行对比,验证了软件的合理性。同时利用ABAQUS软件研究了影响极限强度计算精度的因素和极限强度的一般规律,可为船舶结构优化设计提供参考。