基于不同模型的正交加筋板低频振动和声辐射分析

正交加筋薄板在船舶结构中应用十分广泛。从简化加筋板模型的角度出发,基于李兹法能量泛函变分原理推导加筋板的能量求解;并针对双向加筋板基于正交异性板理论和相当板厚理论提出2种简化方法,对3种模型模拟的加筋板推导其固有频率的解析公式。计算表明：3种正交加筋板模型在求取低阶固有频率时均具有良好的精度。在此基础上研究了基于3种模型的加筋板在空气中和水中的声辐射特性,为加筋板组合结构的振动和低频声辐射问题提出了新的简化思路。     

船上含敷料板与加筋结构的固有振动特性研究

本文对含敷料板的低阶模态振动特性进行了研究,将敷料与基板处理为层合板模型,采用基于Mindlin假设的4节点板单元对含敷料结构进行数值模拟,得到系统固有振动特性.为了研究敷料结构系统固有频率的合适计算方法,构造了不同基板厚度和不同敷料厚度,分别采用层合模型和敷料层等效质量的简化方法进行了结果对比.在相应计算例题中,对3种基板厚度和5种敷料层厚度共计15个敷料铺层试件进行了振动测量,并与数值模拟结果进行对比.针对不同铺设厚度的敷料板与加筋板,分别采用敷料质量等效模型和层合板模型,给出了不同计算模型的振动特性计算误差,为工程上选择敷料层振动特征计算方法提供了依据.     

船舶板梁组合结构的振动分析

采用Ｍｉｎｄｌｉｎ板单元和参考轴杆单元,建立了考虑板剪切变形、骨架剪切变形和骨架偏心影响的船舶板梁组合结构振动分析模型,并研究比较了不同船舶板梁组合结构振动分析有限元模型的计算精度。最后通过对某舱室甲板固有频率计算值和实测值的比较,讨论了船舶局部结构振动分析中边界条件处理问题。     

Strength of ship plates under combined loading

Strength of ship plates plays a significant role in the ultimate strength analysis of ship structures. In recent years several authors have proposed simplified analytical methods to calculate the ultimate strength of unstiffened plates. The majority of these investigations deal with plates subjected to longitudinal compression only. For real ship structural plating, the most general loading case is a combination of longitudinal stress, transverse stress, shear stress and lateral pressure. In this paper, the simplified analytical method is generalized to deal with such combined load cases. The obtained results indicate that the simplified analytical method is able to determine the ultimate strength of unstiffened plates with imperfections in the form of welding-induced residual stresses and geometric deflections subjected to combined loads. Comparisons with experimental results show that the procedure has sufficient accuracy for practical applications in design.     

基于连续小波变换的加筋板结构焊接裂纹检测(英文)

研究了如何使用连续小波变换工具来对加筋板结构的焊接裂纹进行检测.首先分析了裂纹对于板在焊缝位置的振动模态造成的影响,用有限元法求得含有不同长度焊接裂纹的加筋板结构的振动模态.然后对焊缝处板的振动模态信号进行连续小波变换,根据小波系数的极值判断裂纹位置和裂纹长度.研究结果表明,当裂纹很短时,其位置也可以很容易地被确定;而且当裂纹扩展到一定程度时,其长度也可以被检测出来.     

Experimental and numerical investigation on welding simulation of long stiffened steel plate specimen

The paper presents the results of metal inert gas T-joint fillet welding tests of small scale rectangular stiffened steel plates longer than the standard test specimen. In the literature the focus is typically on plates with a small aspect ratio and the present work deals with plates of higher aspect ratio, which are the typical ones in marine structures, aiming to determine if there is any significant effect of welding along the longitudinal direction. Nonlinear thermo-elasto-plastic finite element models are adopted to evaluate the temperature distribution, welding induced distortions and residual stress in the stiffened plates of shipbuilding steel. Given the difficulty in data acquisition of temperature-dependent properties of the material, a simplified model of the properties is proposed, based on the values at room temperature. Good agreement is observed between the measured and simulated temperatures, indicating that the current finite element approach is appropriate to simulate the welding process. The proposed simplified material model can be efficiently used in the finite element analysis of welded steel structures. It is concluded that the welding parameters have more significant influence on the structural responses than the dimension of the plate.     

加筋薄板简化方式对船体总振动影响的研究

以单向加筋板为主要研究对象,结合正交异性板理论和等效板厚理论提出了适用于振动分析的等效厚度正交异性板简化方法,并与常用的简化方法进行了比较。推导了3种简化方法下的加筋板固有频率的解析公式,并计算了四边简支单向加筋板固有频率。结果表明：本文提出的简化方法在求取单向加筋板低阶固有频率时计算结果与有限元结果前五阶误差在15%以内。文中应用该简化方法计算了一船体梁的固有频率,通过对船体梁甲板的加强筋结构进行简化,将模型总单元数降至原模型的27.6%,采用本文方法计算得到的船体梁垂向前三阶和扭转一阶振动频率优于传统的正交异性板简化方法,较原模型偏差在2.2%以内。说明等效厚度正交异性板简化方法在特定工程领域是可用的,且此法相较之前的方法有一定程度的改进,对相关研究和工程计算具有一定参考价值。     

Coarse mesh finite element model for cruise ship global and local vibration analysis

This paper presents a practical procedure for creating finite element (FE) model for vibration analysis of cruise ships. The most preferable FE modelling approaches are studied and discussed through case studies of common ship structures, which cover the range from low to high frequencies. The application of homogenized equivalent single layer (ESL) theory based equivalent element for stiffened panel is extended to local forced vibration analysis, where inertia induced interaction between plate and stiffener occurs. Modal method is used with an energy-based correction for accounting the plate-stiffener interaction into modal properties. Case study results reveal that mesh density of one 4-node element per web frame spacing is suitable for global FE-model when vibration analysis is limited to global hull girder modes. For such modes it is sufficient to only include the membrane stiffness of stiffened panels. For investigating the response at higher frequencies, bending properties of stiffened panel should be included and mesh density should be at least two elements per web frame spacing. Then forced vibration analysis can be performed with an excellent accuracy up to frequencies about one third of the local plate natural frequencies between the stiffeners. Beyond that, the influence of the local plate vibration becomes more significant in panel vibration, making the ESL-theory based element limited. With the applied correction method, the validity of the ESL-model can be extended to approximately two thirds of the local plate natural frequency.     

部分浸没悬臂平板的声振特性

研究水下结构的声辐射问题时,流体声介质通常被假设为无限域,然而对于大部分水面海洋结构物,则是部分浸没在水中,自由液面的作用不可忽略。通过构造反对称边界条件来考虑自由液面的影响,采用有限元法结合间接边界元法研究水中部分浸没悬臂平板的振动和声辐射特性。首先,计算悬臂平板在不同浸没深度下的固有频率和模态振型,并与已有文献的算例进行对比分析,验证该方法的正确性;然后,对半浸没悬臂板的声辐射特性进行计算,并讨论载荷位置和浸没深度对平板声振特性的影响。研究表明:平板在水中的固有频率随着浸没深度的增加而降低;载荷位置对平板辐射声功率级有影响且和频率有关;平板辐射声功率是随着浸没深度的增加而增大,低频段辐射声功率曲线的峰值随着深度的增大有向低频移动的趋势。     

Influence of residual stresses and geometric imperfections on the elastoplastic collapse of cylindrical tubes under external pressure

The buckling problem of a circular cylindrical shell has long been widely investigated due to its great importance in the design of aerospace and marine structures. Geometric imperfections and residual stresses are inevitable in practice and have been so far frequently considered in analytical and numerical predictions. But little attention has been paid until now on the combined influence of such initial defects on the critical and often unstable response of such elastoplastic structures. In this paper, a shell finite element is designed within the total Lagrangian formulation framework to deal with the elastoplastic buckling and post-buckling of thin cylindrical tubes under external pressure and axial compression. A specific experimental process will be introduced in order to measure residual stresses in the shell very accurately, so as to include them in the numerical calculations. The present formulation will enable us to describe the complete non-linear solutions, namely the critical pressures (bifurcation and limit (collapse) loads), the bifurcation modes and the bifurcated equilibrium branches up to advanced post-critical states. Comparisons will be made between numerical results and the experimental critical value and deformation patterns of a new generation profiler. Furthermore, the combined effects of geometric imperfections, residual stresses and plasticity will be analyzed.     

交变载荷下厚板对接焊残余应力的松弛行为

对于承受交变载荷的焊接构件,焊接残余应力的存在对于结构的疲劳寿命影响巨大。由于焊接残余应力形成机理的复杂性,当交变载荷作用时,焊接残余应力的松弛演变具有不确定性,导致该领域的研究难度相当大。迄今为止,鲜有文献就交变载荷下的厚板焊接残余应力松弛行为进行深入报道。采用低周疲劳试验,利用X射线残余应力测试仪,对试件表面焊接残余应力的松弛演变行为进行追踪研究,通过在试件表面近焊缝区布置网状测点,采集测点的横向及纵向焊接残余应力进行数据拟合,在试验对比修正的基础上,最终建立焊接残余应力的松弛演变模型。结果表明：在交变载荷作用下,焊接残余应力会发生松弛,并且,应力松弛量的大小与交变载荷的特征值大小紧密相关。

     

焊缝对环肋圆柱壳振动声辐射的影响

将结构固有频率作为中间变量,研究焊接残余应力、结构固有频率和结构声辐射特性之间的关系。首先,分析焊接残余应力与结构固有频率之间的关系,并通过实验进行验证,结果显示焊接残余应力使结构固有频率发生了显著改变。然后,对固有频率—声辐射功率的灵敏度进行理论推导,并运用有限元法结合边界元法建立数值模型,计算该模型在指定范围内的固有频率—声辐射功率灵敏度,结果证明结构声辐射功率会随着固有频率的变化而发生显著变化。最后,综合分析焊接残余应力与结构声辐射之间的关系。结果表明,研究复杂结构的振动声辐射等动力学特性时,焊接残余应力是不能忽视的影响因素。     

Numerical investigation on the ultimate strength of stiffened cylindrical shells considering residual stresses and shakedown

In this paper, the effects of residual stresses on the ultimate strength of stiffened cylinders are numerically investigated with an emphasis on shakedown which might occur during the service of these structures. Residual stresses caused by two types of actions, namely, cold bending and welding, are simulated with simplified approaches in numerical analysis. Cold bending stresses are simulated by simulating cold rolling and elastic springback until the desired curvature for cylindrical shell is obtained. Welding is simulated by applying cooling down to a certain temperature on the elements adjacent to stiffener-shell joints to obtain weld-shrinkage with realistic magnitudes. Six small-scale externally pressurized ring-stiffened cylinder models are utilized to evaluate the appropriateness of the method for inclusion of welding residual stresses in numerical analysis by comparing the experimental and numerical results. Ultimate strength analyses are then performed for a reference ring-stiffened cylinder model under radial pressure and stringer-stiffened cylinder under axial loading. To assess the effect of shakedown, after applying cyclic compressive loading to the ring-stiffened cylinder model, the level of stress relief and the change in the ultimate strength are evaluated.     

船用5083铝合金随焊滚压工艺的有限元计算

船用5083铝合金在焊接过程中较易出现热裂纹，主要原因是在脆性温度区间存在较大的收缩内应力。为此，对随焊滚压工艺进行研究，采用有限元分析软件MSC.Marc进行焊接工艺模拟，综合考虑焊接热源模型、材料性能和滚压等边界条件，建立船用5083铝合金工件的随焊滚压有限元模型，对比船用5083铝合金薄板在普通焊接工艺及随焊滚压工艺下的焊后残余应力。计算结果表明，在随焊滚压工艺下选择合适的轮枪距及压下量可有效降低焊后残余应力。     

Fluid-structure coupled analysis of underwater cylindrical shells

Underwater cylindrical shell structures have been found a wide of application in many engineering fields, such as the element of marine, oil platforms, etc. The coupled vibration analysis is a hot issue for these underwater structures. The vibration characteristics of underwater structures are influenced not only by hydrodynamic pressure but also by hydrostatic pressure corresponding to different water depths. In this study, an acoustic finite element method was used to evaluate the underwater structures. Taken the hydrostatic pressure into account in terms of initial stress stiffness, an acoustical fluid-structure coupled analysis of underwater cylindrical shells has been made to study the effect of hydrodynamic pressures on natural frequency and sound radiation. By comparing with the frequencies obtained by the acoustic finite element method and by the added mass method based on the Bessel function, the validity of present analysis was checked. Finally, test samples of the sound radiation of stiffened cylindrical shells were acquired by a harmonic acoustic analysis. The results showed that hydrostatic pressure plays an important role in determining a large submerged body motion, and the characteristics of sound radiation change with water depth. Furthermore, the analysis methods and the results are of significant reference value for studies of other complicated submarine structures.     

Instabilities in imperfect thick cones subjected to axial compression and external pressure

The paper presents results of a numerical study into the buckling resistance of geometrically imperfect mild steel cones subjected to: (a) axial compression only, (b) lateral external pressure only, and (c) axial compression and external pressure acting simultaneously.Initial geometric imperfections are taken in the form of the eigenmode, `a single wave' extracted from the eigenmode and localized smooth dimple modelled analytically. Load carrying capacity of imperfect models is computed using the Finite Element proprietory code.Buckling strength of axially compressed and imperfect cone is only 55% of geometrically perfect model. Buckling strength of a cone subjected to lateral pressure, on the other hand, amounts to 43% of the corresponding value of perfect model. But it is the shrinkage of stability plot of imperfect cone which was found to be significant. For imperfect cones subjected to combined axial compression and external pressure, the collapse envelope shrinks by 48% with the elastic sub-set being reduced by 51%.     

约束阻尼层对钢板振动影响的试验与仿真

为研究不同阻尼层对结构振动特性的影响规律,基于模态应变能法和振动试验,研究钢板敷设不同厚度阻尼层和约束层前后的振动特性。对比辐射前后结构的插入损失和阻尼损耗因子,验证仿真模型的振动特性与试验具有良好的一致性。结果表明,阻尼层厚度越大,结构固有频率越低,损耗因子越高。随着阻尼层厚度的增加,自由阻尼板的减振性能变好,约束阻尼板的减振性能提升不太明显,而随着约束层厚度的增加,约束阻尼板的减振性能提升明显。     

复合材料层合板的动力响应和横向应力分析

基于分层理论并在板厚方取二次位移插值函数推导出正交层合板的动力学方程.得到了简支层合板的振动频率,且能够计算出协调的横向应力.在低阶模态振动下,横向剪应力是造成层合板脱层的主要原因:而在高阶模态振动下-横向正应力在脱层破坏中起主要作用.采用适当模量材料的层合板能有效地降低横向应力,特别是横向正应力.结果表明文中所采用的算法,算式及所编写的程序是可靠的.     

无加筋平板极限强度的简化解析法与规范公式的比较

无加筋板是船舶结构的主要构件之一，船舶结构强度校核的一项重要内容就是校核各平板单元是否具备足够的强度储备。最近几年，作者们采用弹性大挠度理论和刚塑性分析相结合的简化解析方法，曾给出了板和加筋板格在联合载荷作用下的极限强度计算公式，并与部分实验值相比，吻合较好，但没有与目前船级社所采用的规范计算公式作过比较。现作这一比较工作，也包括与有限元分析的比较；同时对以前所开发的简化解析法又作了进一步的改进，文章报道这一改进结果。最后，采用上述三种方法，对影响平板极限强度的几个主要参数进行了研究，结果表明，简化解析法与规范计算公式吻合较好。