共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
降低摩托车尾气排放的方法主要有机内净化和机外净化两种。机内净化是通过稀薄燃烧、电喷等方法控制发动机的燃气空燃比,来降低发动机的原机排放,这种方法成本较高。机外净化是不对发动机原机燃烧作较大的改善,仅在排气系统采取二次补气技术或催化剂技术,以降低尾气排放,这种方法成本低,对发动机性能影响较小。虽然摩托车发动机的最高工作温度较低,燃烧产生的NOx较少,但HC和CO的排放量却相当高。由于车用发动机的特殊性,仅靠发动机前处理、机内净化及改进燃烧等措施,已不能满足日益严格的排放法规要求。催化转化技术和二次空气供给技术作为降低机动车排气污染的后处理有效措施之一,已越来越受到企业的重视。一、催化转化技术催化转化技术是采用在排气管内加装催化转化器, 相似文献
2.
3.
在增压中冷4100柴油机上进行了D40(含40%质量分数二甲醚的二甲醚柴油混合燃料)、M15(含15%体积分数甲醇的甲醇柴油混合燃料)和柴油3种燃料燃烧特性与污染物排放的试验研究。结果表明,D40发动机的最高燃烧压力和峰值放热率均低于柴油机,燃烧持续期与柴油机相当;M15发动机的最高燃烧压力和峰值放热率均高于柴油机,燃烧持续期较短;D40发动机的NOx排放和烟度均明显低于柴油机,可较好地解决NOx和碳烟排放之间此消彼长的问题;M15发动机可以降低碳烟排放,但NOx的排放明显上升。两种混合燃料发动机的HC排放在全转速范围均高于柴油机,而CO排放在低转速时低于柴油机,高转速时高于柴油机。 相似文献
4.
2发动机有害排放物的机外净化技术2.1点燃式发动机有害排放物的净化2.1.1废气再循环(EGR)废气再循环是将一小部分燃烧废气从排气管引入进气管与新鲜充量混合.人为增加新鲜充量中的废气量(即加大气缸中的废气)来提高混合气的热容量,降低混合气中的O2的浓度和燃烧速度以增加燃烧时的散热和降低最高燃烧温度。减少NOx排放。应用EGR的关键技术是EGR率。使之在各种不同工况下。得到各种性能的最佳折衷。对EGR系统的控制要求是。 相似文献
5.
氮氧化物(NOx)是柴油发动机和其他采用稀薄燃烧方式工作的发动机尾气中,最具毒性的污染物。在如何减少NOx排放的各种途径中,SCR-NOx选择性催化还原法是最具现实意义的,它能把发动机尾气中的NOx减少50%。 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
9.
降低摩托车尾气排放的方法主要有机内净化和机外净化两种.机内净化是通过稀薄燃烧、电喷等方法控制发动机的燃气空燃比,来降低发动机的原机排放,这种方法成本较高.机外净化是不对发动机原机燃烧作较大的改善,仅在排气系统采取二次补气技术或催化剂技术,以降低尾气排放,这种方法成本低,对发动机性能影响较小. 相似文献
10.
以一台重型混合动力自卸车为研究对象,采用底盘测功机和便携式排放测试系统(PEMS)开展了不同运行模式(纯发动机模式和混合动力模式)和不同测试循环(C-WTVC和CHTC)下车辆排放特性试验研究,结合工况特征参数分析了车辆的排放表现。结果表明:相同的测试循环时,试验车辆混合动力模式下NOx排放量较纯发动机模式高,而CO排放量较纯发动机模式低;相同的运行模式时,纯发动机模式下,CHTC工况NOx排放量较C-WTVC工况高,而混合动力模式下,C-WTVC工况NOx排放量较CHTC工况高,纯发动机模式下,CO排放集中于低速小负荷工况,而混合动力模式下,CO排放集中于高速大负荷工况。 相似文献
11.
This paper is review of the characterization of exhaust particles from state-of-the-art internal combustion engines. We primarily focus on identifying the physical and chemical properties of nano-particles, i.e., the concentration, size distribution, and particulate matter (PM) morphology. Stringent emissions regulations of the Euro 6 and the LEV III require a substantial reduction in the PM emissions from vehicles, and improvements in human health effects. Advances in powertrains with sophisticated engine control strategies and engine after-treatment technologies have significantly improved PM emission levels, motivating the development of new particle measurement instruments and chemical analysis procedures. In this paper, recent research trends are reviewed for physical and chemical PM characterization methods for gasoline and diesel fueled engines under various vehicle certification cycles and real-world driving conditions. The effects of engine technologies, fuels, and engine lubricant oils on exhaust PM morphology and compositions are also discussed. 相似文献
12.
13.
This paper reviews the particle emissions formed during the combustion process in spark ignition and diesel engine. Proposed
legislation in Europe and California will impose a particle number requirement for GDI (gasoline direct injection) vehicles
and will introduce the Euro 6 and LEV-III emission standards. More careful optimization for reducing particulate emission
on engine hardware, fuel system, and control strategy to reduce particulate emissions will be required during cold start and
warm-up phases. Because The diesel combustion inherently produces significant amounts of PM as a result of incomplete combustion
around individual fuel droplets in the combustion zone, much attention has been paid to reducing particle emissions through
electronic engine control, high pressure injection systems, combustion chamber design, and exhaust after-treatment technologies.
In this paper, recent research and development trends to reduce the particle emissions from internal combustion engines are
summarized, with a focus on PMP activity in EU, CARB and SAE papers and including both state-of-the-art light-duty vehicles
and heavy-duty engines. 相似文献
14.
近年来,随着人们对环境保护的日趋重视,世界各国对内燃机废气排放的要求变得越来越严格,轻型柴油车开始实施国Iv标准。目前由于机内排放控制并不能完全起到净化效果,因此对已排出燃烧室但尚未排到大气中的废气进行处理,采取机外控制技术显得很有必要。PM和NOx是柴油机主要排放污染物,如何同时降低这两种尾气组成,达到国Ⅳ排放水平,是当今世界柴油机技术的难点和研究热点。本文介绍目前国内满足柴油机国IV排放标准的SCR和EGRDPF/DOC两种主流技术路线。通过对比分析两种系统的原理和优缺点得出适合国内发展的路线,并浅谈未来柴油机排放控制的发展方向。 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
18.
随着能源紧缺和环境污染问题的日益严重,当前国内外法规对柴油机节能与排放的要求越来越高,柴油机节能减排技术发展面临着新的挑战。文章主要从柴油机燃烧与喷射技术等4个方面介绍了国内外柴油机技术的发展现状,分析了当前柴油机在节约能源和降低污染物排放方面的研究进展,指出使用代用燃料及采用联合动力是未来柴油机技术的发展趋势。 相似文献
19.
20.
P. Karin J. Boonsakda K. Siricholathum E. Saenkhumvong C. Charoenphonphanich K. Hanamura 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2017,18(1):31-40
The impact of small compression ignition (CI) engine operation conditions and fuel properties on diesel and biodiesel particulate matters (PMs) quantity using opacity smoke meter is investigated. The biodiesel engine’s PMs are around a half of diesel engine PMs under the same engine operation conditions. Morphology of both engine’s PMs are also studied using a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and image processing method. The average primary nanoparticle sizes of diesel and biodiesel engine’s PMs are approximately 34 nm and 32 nm, respectively. The result shows that engine operation condition and fuel property are strongly impact on the quantity and size distribution of primary nanoparticles emission. PM oxidation kinetics on conventional cordierite Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) powders by Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) is also successfully studied. The calculated apparent activation energies of biodiesel engine’s PM oxidation on conventional cordierite DPFs powders are lower than that of diesel engine’s PM and carbon black because of unburned oxygenated molecule. The calculated apparent activation energy of biodiesel engine’s PM and diesel engine’s PM oxidize on conventional cordierite DPFs powders with pure air are in the range of 109 ~ 131 kJ/mole and 117 ~ 130 kJ/mole, respectively. It might be expected that smaller primary nanoparticle size of biodiesel engine’s PMs and bio-oxygenate unburned hydrocarbon can promote more PM oxidation rate during vehicle’s DPF regeneration process. 相似文献