Fuzzy Logic Active and Semi-Active Control of Off-Road Vehicle Suspensions

For off-road vehicles, minimizing the absorbed power is the main objective of suspension control. The primary cause of increase in the absorbed power in off-road vehicles driven at high speeds on harsh courses is the exhaustion of the suspension travel. Fuzzy-logic approach to active and semi-active off-road vehicle suspension control, with the goal of improving the speed of the vehicle over rough terrains are developed. The ride metric used for quantifying improvements is the absorbed power of the sprung mass. Particular attention is paid to the proper modeling of the suspension using both the full kinematic constraints and the more convenient two degree of freedom linear model of the quarter vehicle suspension. The nonlinearities due to the kinematic constraints on motion are accounted for by modifying the stiffness and damping coefficients of the suspension spring and dashpot in the linear model. The control laws are developed using the less complex model and demonstrated in the fully constrained environment. Nonlinearities of the suspension, including tire stiffness/damping and bumpstops are included at all stages of controller development.     

车辆主动悬架的神经网络模糊控制

利用神经网络来实现在车辆主动悬架中的模糊控制,通过对主动悬架实体装置的台架实验研究,在不同激励信号的作用下,神经网络模糊控制器都具有很好地抑制车体振动的特点,其控制效果明显优于PID控制。在车辆主动悬架中,神经网络模糊控制具有设计新颖,实用性强,特别对于减振效果要求较高的车辆,更能发挥其优点。     

Preview Control Algorithms for the Active Suspension of an Off-Road Vehicle

The potential performance improvement using preview control for active vehicle suspension was first recognized in the late nineteen sixties. All work done since that time has been based on optimal control theory using simple vehicle models.

In this article, the performance of quarter vehicle preview controllers when applied to a real off-road vehicle is simulated using both two degree of freedom quarter and ten degree of freedom full vehicle models. The results, which are compared with non-preview active and conventional passive suspensions, confirm that preview control reduces vertical acceleration of the body centre of gravity, which results in improved ride quality. Further, reductions in pitch and roll motion result from smaller vertical displacements of the vehicle quarters. Coupling between quarters, through the vehicle body, appears to have a smoothing effect on the control.

As an alternative to optimal control theory based controllers, a simple ad hoc preview controller based on isolating the vehicle body from dynamic loads transmitted through the suspension is proposed. Simulation results show that such a controller outperforms the optimal control theory based controllers over small discrete disturbances but responds poorly to disturbances encountered from other than steady state.     

Railway Vehicle Active Suspensions

This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of active suspensions for use on railway vehicles. The primary focus of the paper is on ride quality control, both vertical and lateral, and on lateral stability control.

The section on theoretical considerations summarizes the results of a one-degree of freedom optimization and then investigates analytically the use of active suspensions for lateral ride and stability augmentation. It is shown that separate control structures using different measurements and actuator actions are very effective in controlling both ride quality and stability.

A section on a survey ofcurrent activities reviews published research on active railway suspension work around the world.

Finally a concluding section indicates future trends in active suspension applications.     

汽车主动悬架自调整模糊控制试验

以汽车操纵稳定性及行驶平顺性为控制目标,提出一种在线可调整的模糊控制算法,其模糊控制规则表可以用解析的方法进行计算。针对简化的汽车模型,为控制悬架系统的振动设计了自调整模糊控制器。与自适应控制主动悬架系统相比较,在两自由度悬架系统试验台架上进行了对比试验研究,结果表明该算法对汽车的振动控制具有明显效果,进一步说明提出的算法对汽车悬架系统的振动控制具有较好的适应性。     

转向工况下汽车半主动悬架模糊PID控制

根据汽车系统动力学原理及牛顿力学定律建立了转向工况下的半主动悬架整车数学模型,并将模糊规则控制与传统PID控制相结合,设计了基于可调阻尼减振器的汽车半主动悬架模糊PID控制器.运用Matlab7.0/Simulink6.0软件对此控制系统进行了仿真计算,结果表明,该控制器有效改善了汽车在转向工况下的动态性能,保持了良好的车身姿态,提高了乘坐舒适性.     

Theoretical Limitations in Active Vehicle Suspensions

Vehicle suspensions in which forces are generated in response to feedback signals by active elements obviously offer increased design flexibility compared to conventional suspensions using passive elements such as springs and dampers. It is often assumed that if practical difficulties are neglected, active systems could in principle produce arbitrary ideal, behavior. It is shown, using a simple linear two degree-of-freedom suspension system, model that even using complete state feed back and in the case of in which the system is controllable in the control theory sense, there still are limitations to suspension performance in the fully active case. If the ideal suspension performance is defined based on low-pass filtering of roadway unevenness inputs, an active suspension may not offer much better performance than a partially active or adaptive passive suspension depending upon the values of certain vehicle parameters.     

Vehicle Dynamic Analysis and Evaluation of Continuously Controlled Semi-Active Suspensions Using Hardware-in-the-loop Simulation

A semi-active suspension system with continuously variable damper is greatly expected to be used mainly in the future as a high-performance suspension system due to its cost-effectiveness, light weight, and low energy consumption. In this paper, to develop a suitable control logic for the semi-active suspension system, the hardware-in-the-loop simulation is performed for the experimental continuously variable damper combined with a quarter-car model, and the simulation results are compared for passive, on/off controlled, and continuously controlled dampers in the aspects of ride comfort and driving safety, assuming each damper to be installed on the vehicle.     

Design of Nonlinear Controllers for Active Vehicle Suspensions Using Parameter-Varying Control Synthesis

Nonlinear suspension controllers have the potential to achieve superior performance compared to their linear counterparts. A nonlinear controller can focus on maximizing passenger comfort when the suspension deflection is small compared to its structural limit. As the deflection limit is approached, the controller can shift focus to prevent the suspension deflection from exceeding this limit. This results in superior ride quality over the range of road surfaces, as well as reduced wear of suspension components. This paper presents a novel approach to the design of such nonlinear controllers, based on linear parameter-varying control techniques. Parameter-dependent weighting functions are used to design active suspensions that stiffen as the suspension limits are reached. The controllers use only suspension deflection as a feedback signal. The proposed framework easily extends to the more general case where all the three main performance metrics, i.e., passenger comfort, suspension travel and road holding are considered, and to the design of road adaptive suspensions.     

车辆牵引力系统的模糊控制方法研究

设计了一种基于模糊逻辑的牵引力控制系统.通过降低油门开度和控制制动来改变车速,减少纵向滑移.     

基于模糊逻辑的无人驾驶车纵向多滑模控制

为实现车速跟踪期望值的控制目标,研究了含有参数和外部干扰等不确定性的无人驾驶车纵向运动控制问题.采用模糊多滑模控制策略设计基于油门与制动的无人驾驶车纵向运动控制算法.该算法利用模糊逻辑调节滑模增益系数,实现了对不确定性和外部干扰的估计和补偿,并利用Lyapunov稳定性分析方法证明了所得闭环系统的稳定性.最后构造油门控制与制动控制的切换策略以保证油门执行器与制动执行器之间的平滑过渡.分析结果表明:该控制算法可克服不确定性和干扰的影响,具有高精度和强鲁棒性.     

车辆悬架的最优自适应与自校正控制

本文研究了车辆主动悬架自适应与自校正控制的策略与算法。     

混合动力汽车模糊逻辑控制策略的建模和仿真

并联混合动力汽车（PHEV）中内燃机和电机之间存在动力的耦合和分离过程，能量管理策略比较复杂。文章提出了基于模糊逻辑控制扭矩分配策略，建立了各功能组件模型，并利用ADVISOR2002的仿真环境，完成了该模糊逻辑扭矩控制策略和电气辅助控制策略仿真比较。结果表明，文章提出的模糊逻辑控制策略对提高混合动力汽车的动力性、燃油经济性和改善排放有明显的作用。     

混合动力电动汽车模糊逻辑控制策略的研究与仿真

以四川汽车工业集团野马混合动力电动汽车设计要求为基础,提出了一种混合动力电动汽车模糊逻辑控制策略。这种策略通过对油耗和各排放参数动态地分配权重值确定出发动机的最佳转矩,然后再根据模糊控制原理,以电池SOC值、汽车驱动需求的输出转矩和电动机转速为模糊输入确定出发动机的实际输出转矩,最终实现整车油耗和排放的综合优化。通过在S imu link软件中搭建该控制策略的仿真模型并与基础的电力辅助控制策略相比较,证明了这种控制策略有利于整车运行经济性和环保性的提高。     

主动汽车悬架的非线性控制

本文采用１／４车模型对天棚阻尼器和主动悬架的动力学性能进行分析，针对执行器的非线性特性，探讨了微分几何法和反馈法线必互法在主动悬架控制中的应用，在系统控制设计中采用了离散滑模法，仿真结果显示非线性控制律能有效地改善主动悬架的隔振特性。     

主动悬架的参数估计自校正控制

本文采用二自由度的单轮模型,运用衰减记忆递推最小二乘法参数估计算法和广义加权最小方差自校正控制算法,通过控制律隐式结构直接估计控制器参数,再综合得到控制律,从而实现了主动悬架的参数估计自校正控制。经实例计算和数值仿真,证明了该控制方法的有效性和可行性。     

并联混合动力汽车模糊逻辑控制策略的设计

利用模糊逻辑控制技术,设计了并联混合动力汽车的模糊逻辑扭矩控制策略。选取了控制器的输入、输出变量,构建了有25条规则的模糊推理器。在3种不同的循环工况下,分别对二值逻辑策略和模糊逻辑策略进行了仿真试验,结果显示,所设计的模糊逻辑控制策略能够很好地控制发动机工作,且具有很好的自适应能力和鲁棒性。