快速公交系统实施绩效的评估研究

快速公交系统(Bus Rapid Transit,简称BRT)是落实"公交优先"发展战略的重要措施,我国已在21个城市开通运营。BRT作为政府财政投入的公共交通事业项目,需要建立绩效评价、比较和相应的政策反馈机制,以更好地实现对"公交优先"战略中公共财政投入效果的评价和监管。本文从硬件设施水平、公交服务质量、企业经营效益、城市持续发展四个层面,构建了快速公交系统实施绩效的评价指标体系,用于对BRT运营绩效评价,做到及时追踪和动态监控,及时反馈与纠错,以保障BRT项目实施的公共利益。     

机场容量流量评估调整机制及系统建设

近年来,我国繁忙机场及相关空域趋于饱和甚至超饱和,对繁忙机场的容量流量实施动态评估和调控,避免超能力、超负荷运行成为民航运行保障体系的核心内容之一。近年来,中国民航逐渐探索出了以空管单位为主体的大面积航班延误预警和应急响应机制（简称MDRS）,和以机场为主体的航班计划调整机制。本文从以上两种机制的应用现状及问题入手,并借鉴国际先进经验,对机场容量流量评估调整机制及系统建设进行研究。     

解析美国UHS车辆防撞系统评估报告

当行车安全愈发为消费者所重视的时候,各式“身怀绝技”的预碰安全配置也逐渐出现在了新车的配置表中。不过,很少有人去仔细地较较真：它们的实际表现真的靠谱吗？     

轨道综合监控系统SIL评估中的风险管理

安全完整性等级SIL评估已经成为目前地铁安全系统工程的重要部分,也是国内外高度重视和着手研发的重要课题。风险管理是安全完整性评估中的重要环节,文中阐述了轨道交通综合监控系统中风险管理的要点和过程,包括风险分析范围、风险源识别、风险分析、风险评估、风险缓解与控制、风险跟踪与关闭,重点阐述了风险分析和风险评估的方法,为其他安全相关系统的开发和安全评估提供了参考。     

平价时代下风能资源精细化资源评估的思考

1 增加测风塔仪器 在2018版的《风电场工程风能资源测量与评估技术规范》中已经提出了安装2层温度传感器.在新版本Meteody WT中已经可以利用温差来计算风场处的热稳定度等级.因此建议在测风塔底层和顶层各安装一层温度仪. 另外在安装测风塔前期往往估错后期风电机组的安装轮毂高度.顶层风速是对资源评估最重要的,目前测风塔风速仪器安装层大都以20～30 m为间隔,如果顶层风速缺失,风速评估影响极大.因此测风塔在安装前期应在高层每10 m安装一个风速仪,对于重要高度可以安装2套风速仪.另外,在东南低风速平原地区,测风塔高度层最好超出目前预期风机轮毂高度10～20 m.     

关于城市轨道交通中期评估工作的思考与建议

开展城市轨道交通中期评估是国家发改基础[2015]49号文明确提出的要求,通过总结轨道交通建设的经验与不足,指导后续城市轨道交通建设,对城市轨道交通健康可持续发展具有重要意义。开展城市轨道交通中期评估,重点评估的内容包括实施方案的符合性、实施程序的合规性、资金落实和保障情况、外部条件(管理、政策、人才等)的保障性、规划实施效果分析等,并对规划项目完成时间作出预测。做好中期评估工作需把握好开展评估的时机,理顺评估工作程序,做好评估报告编制。中期评估涵盖内容多、涉及部门多,需要政府、企业等相关各方齐心协力并实事求是才能做好此项工作。     

建立广西交通立法评估机制的借鉴与思考

作者在德国参加了交通方法成本效益分析与实施效果后评估项目培训,了解了德国立法成本效益分析与实施效果的现状与运作机制。文章结合广西交通立法评估机制情况,就如何吸取和借鉴德国立法的成功经验和做法,提出了建立广西交通立法评估机制的相关问题。     

关于江苏省高速公路绿色服务区后评估及管理制度的思考

本文根据江苏省不同区域的差异性,对已建高速公路运营期内的绿色服务区进行后评估,将项目实施过程及项目完成后的最终成果与项目决策时确定的各项目标进行全面系统的对比。通过系统地分析经济、社会、使用性、环境及经营管理等目标的影响程度,从中探索构建出高速公路绿色服务区项目后评估指标体系,并采用层次分析法为体系提供计算支持,最终对高速公路绿色服务区进行后评估研究,同时为保障绿色服务区的正常运营制定了相对应的管理制度。     

关于城市公共交通系统发展的思考

经济、环境、社会公平的概念完全基于可持续发展原则,即经济发展的模式要使得环境优美,经济繁荣,社会公平,而目前城市交通的发展状况却对这三大原则构成了严重的挑战。由于城市中汽车数量猛增,使本应为人们提供快捷、便利服务的汽车,却常常因拥挤发生而“困”在城中。在大多数工业化国家,净社会拥挤成本已经很高,估计为GDP的2%-3%。同样小汽车发展引发的空间消耗所带来的冲击不仅仅是土地消耗,城市活动的扩展增加了出行距离,使步行和自行车难以进行,也增加了汽车在行进过程中废气的排放和能源的消耗。此外,最令人关注的是由于社会或物理的…     

关于建设公路快速客运系统的思考

<正> 随着高速公路网建设的蓬勃发展,公路快速客运应运而生,方兴未艾,成为公路客运新的“换代产品”。加快建设公路快速客运系统,提高公路客运在综合运输体系中的竞争力以及公路快速客运在公路客运不同运输服务产品中的竞争力,适应新形势下客运市场的需求,是当前交通主管部门、运输行业管理和公路客运经营者共同关心探讨的课题。笔者就此谈谈粗浅的认识。     

Considering the financial ratios on the performance evaluation of highway bus industry

This paper tries to construct a performance evaluation procedure for highway buses with the financial ratio taken into consideration. First, a conceptual framework is redeveloped, based on the one created by Fielding et al ., to help form evaluation items and performance indicators involving both transport and finance aspects. Second, the total performance is divided into three major kinds of efficiency?production, marketing, execution?according to the cycle of operation activities. Third, to overcome the problems of small sample size and unknown distribution of samples, the grey relation analysis is used to select the representative indicators, and the TOPSIS method is used for the outranking of highway bus. In addition, a case study is conducted using four highway bus companies as example. The empirical result shows that the performance evaluation for highway buses could become more comprehensive if financial ratios are considered.     

Transit performance evaluation in the U.S.A.

Performance of transit agencies in the United States improved during the 1980s. At the beginning of the decade, Americans had become disenchanted with transit; legislation was passed that required agencies to report performance and accept regular audits. Theory underlying these policies is examined in four components: dimensions for policy objectives, indicators, information systems and incentives. Three programs are examined: federal triennial reviews that monitor compliance with planning and grant requirements, California performance audits that analyze goals and track performance on five indicators and the Los Angeles program that encourages improvement by offering incentive payments for better-than-average performance. The California audits have been the most successful.     

浪里淘金拼智慧

2009年,注定是一个淘金年,而且是在大浪中淘金. 受金融风暴袭击,我国物流业日渐呈现三大变化趋势:需求日渐疲软,且因客户要求的改变和提高而面临着重塑物流服务内容的艰巨任务:利润被进一步挤压且波动性增强,亟待成本优化;并购整合加速,行业将重新洗牌.     

Energetic,environmental and economic performance of electric vehicles: Experimental evaluation

Fuelled by a rapidly rising human global population, an increasing demand for freedom to travel and the affordability made possible by modern manufacturing there has been an exponential rise in the number of automobiles – in the year 2013 there were in excess of a billion automobiles in use! Three factors that are of serious concern are the consequential energetic, environmental and economic impacts. One solution that is being seen by a number of national governments is the advent (or rather re-introduction) of electric vehicles (EVs). However, one of the key factors that will need to be explored will be the source of the required electricity for the EVs that will define the level of their sustainability.In this article an experimental evaluation of an electric vehicle has been undertaken. The Renault Zoe e-car has been used for this task with the ‘car chasing’ technique employed to measure the driving cycle. The speed and energy use were recorded for the vehicle that was driven along the principal arteries of the City of Edinburgh, Scotland. In a separate activity vehicle driving tests were also undertaken in one town in Slovenia (Celje). In both places urban and suburban routes were covered for different times of the day. Results are presented to quantify the energetic, environmental and economic performance indices for the driven vehicle. A discussion is also provided on the potential for reduction of carbon emissions from the transport sector by provision of environmentally-friendly means of generating electricity.     

Multiple criteria and fuzzy based evaluation of logistics performance for intermodal transportation

This paper presents a framework to evaluate the logistics performance of intermodal freight transportation. Fuzzy set techniques are applied to assess the logistics performance within the decision process of freight operators. Using a fuzzy‐based approach, fuzzy‐AHP is applied to assess the criteria by different judgment procedures. Consequently, fuzzy‐MCDM is used to assess operators' perception of the logistics performance via proper assignment of numerical scores. The subjective judgments for hierarchical criteria are transformed into fuzzy degrees of score. The methodology provides an alternative approach to facilitate the importance of a set of performance criteria. It can also entail use of improved corresponding parameters to develop a better freight transport system.     

Logistic performance evaluation of provinces in Turkey: A GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis

Logistics performance evaluation of provinces is considered in this study. To do so, a three-step solution approach is developed: (i) determination of 16 geographic and economic indicators, (ii) using geographic information system to assign a logistics score and (iii) prioritizing the indicators and ranking the provinces using multi-criteria decision analysis tools. Proposed methodology is applied to 81 provinces in Turkey as a case study. Results show that the provinces of Istanbul, Izmir, and Hatay are the pioneers. The proposed methodology provides the ability to analyze the impacts of indicators on logistics performance and create a logistics performance map of countries.     

Design,analysis and performance evaluation of a third order distributed protocol for platooning in the presence of time-varying delays and switching topologies

This paper is concerned with the problem of designing a decentralized consensus protocol for platooning of non-identical vehicles in the presence of heterogeneous time-varying communication delays. The proposed control protocol makes use of a state feedback and to this aim drivetrain dynamics are modeled as third-order linear systems. Necessary and sufficient conditions for convergence and exponential stability, derived by using an appropriate Krasovskii functional, demonstrate the ability of the platoon in reaching the required regime with an exponentially bounded behavior. The proposed LMI-based approach allows to estimate both delay margin and decay rate. Moreover, convergence is proven under switching communication network topologies by means of a Lyapunov-Razumikhin function, and the assessment of a string stable behavior has been also theoretically investigated. High-fidelity simulations with Plexe show the effectiveness of the theoretical results in different driving conditions and in the presence of external disturbances and communication impairment. Different communication channel models are used in the validation stage to further prove robustness of the proposed methodology with respect hard delay and packets losses.     

脱挂式抱索器综合评述

单线脱挂式客运索道已经成为现代客运索道发展的主流,其心脏部分和技术关键——脱挂式抱索器的详细结构与真实性能却鲜为人知。由于众所周知的原因,国内外刊物亦极少披露。本自作最近撰写的专题报告的前半部分,中剖析了我国单线脱挂式客运索道发展缓慢的原因,介绍了脱挂式抱索器的演变与现状,分析了最常用抱索器的结构与特点,制定了严格的评价标准,采用了独特的评价方法,全面评价了最常用抱索器的各种性能,对我国研究、设计、引进、消化、管理和维修单线脱挂式客运索道将会产生深远的影响。     

Measuring the performance of intermodal freight terminals

As the interface point between road and rail, intermodal freight terminals (IFTs) are critical elements in the total freight distribution chain. This paper addresses the twin objectives of reducing freight transport costs and improving customer service by putting forward a number of indicators designed to measure the performance of IFTs. Each of the three major performance areas, namely customer service, operational efficiency and terminal productivity are discussed in detail.

A methodology is put forward which enables operating strategies to be evaluated. Computer simulation is used in order to arrive at strategies which reduce operating and capital costs and satisfy customer service requirements. The simulation model outputs include performance measures related to customer service such as mean waiting times required for loading and unloading of containers, as well as productivity measures of terminal operations such as lifting equipment utilisation.