从“刀游”到“感动式服务”

游客在餐厅或者在路上,忽然会有美女帅哥来搭讪,然后要求共同举行具有海南黎族特色的结婚仪式,风格独特,还要入洞房,说这是海南当地旅游的一个特色,声称免费,很多人难抵好奇心的诱惑。但当仪式结束以后,有关人等便开始索要小费,价格还不低,游客大呼上当,可惜为时已晚。     

Transport models, philosophy and language

The aim of this paper is to encourage debate about the nature of transport modelling. It does so firstly by considering the underlying philosophies of science (apparently) adopted by transport modellers, over a period of more than 50 years, from the 1950s until the present day. The conclusion is that a new philosophy of science needs to be developed, which is more in tune with how transport modelling is actually carried out (as opposed to how early transport modellers thought it ought to be carried out). It is recommended that such a new philosophy perceives transport modelling as a linguistic activity within the overall context of transport planning, which is in turn considered as a communication process. The paper outlines three main approaches that could be taken in this respect, analysing transport models from metaphorical, narrative and aesthetic perspectives. Conclusions are drawn upon the possible future research directions that might follow from the analysis provided in the paper, emphasising the importance of bringing formal philosophical thinking into transport modelling research and practice.

Transport studies research in U.K. universities

British universities have entered a period of crisis. The outward manifestation of the current malady has appeared as a general cut-back in university spending. Until two or three years ago, most universities looked forward to a modest growth in activity. This has now been changed and the expectations of growth have been replaced by the reality of consolidation and modest decline. However, the universities are not alone in their dilemma. The general downturn in economic prosperity has left few institutions unscathed. Most universities, both in Britain and abroad, have therefore been forced to review their expectations and their ongoing commitments in teaching and research. The review of university activity goes much deeper than the immediate problems of finance. The current soul-searching has been sparked off by the crisis of finance, but has roots which go much deeper and touch on the very fundamentals of university education itself. In a sense, one is witnessing a belated form of public accountability: what is the purpose of a university; should its subjects be demonstrably relevant (both in themselves, as well as in their capacity to prepare students for a career); should universities engage in research and, if so, should it complement their teaching functions or be additional to it? These, and many other issues, are currently being discussed, and it is specifically with reference to their role in the field of transport research that this paper is addressed.     

Competition and Ownership in Land Passenger Transport: The Sixth International Conference,Cape Town,South Africa,September 1999 - Part 2

This paper presents an overview of some recent developments in and policy issues relating to integrated transport systems in the European Union (EU). Both goods and passenger transport systems are considered in the context of actions recently undertaken and supported by the EU. The paper considers the very general background of these systems at the EU scale and offers insights into some recent successful and promising policy, real-life, and research attainments. In addition, it attempts to identify some directions for future actions in fields such as transport policy, transport technology, transport economics and transport scenarios.     

Competition and Ownership in Land Passenger Transport: The Sixth International Conference,Cape Town,South Africa,September 1999 - Part 1

The ability of conventional South African travel analysis practices to analyse adequately the travel needs of the poor is examined. The origins and nature of conventional practices are described, and it is observed that typically their scope has been limited to motorized modes, commutes and peaks. The paper reports on the findings of an activity diary survey administered in Cape Town that extended the conventional scope of analysis. An activity‐based survey method was selected because it typically yields higher rates of trip recall than other methods and is therefore relatively well suited to investigating travel behaviour in its fuller complexity. Selected findings of the survey are presented to demonstrate that travel occurring by non‐motorized modes, for non‐work purposes and during off‐peak periods, is considerable. It is argued that the conventional limitation in analytical scope can create serious misconceptions of the true nature of travel behaviour, particularly of low‐income households. By restricting the focus of analysis to motorized, work and peak period trip‐making, there is a risk of a routine bias being introduced in the way the urban passenger transport problem is understood, and in the nature of the interventions that are implemented as a result.