两种不同系泊系统的风险对比

随着FPSO在海洋石油开发中的广泛应用，以及其系泊技术逐步趋向成熟，各种系泊方式的应用和研究也相对比较深入。对不同系泊方式进行全面风险分析，相互比较，对于以后选择系泊系统形式和避免现有系泊系统的一些风险是非常重要。基于上述考虑，进行散射系泊方式与转塔式系泊方式的风险对比，乃是极其必要的。     

多点系泊FPSO系泊结构研究

多点系泊FPSO建造成本低,适用于环境较好的海域,其系泊结构设计逐渐引起业内的关注。研究了多点系泊结构的受力特点及规范要求;采用有限元方法,对西非海域油田AZURIT FDPSO(全球第一艘FDPSO)系泊结构建立三维有限元模型进行研究。按照规范要求,考虑各种工况组合,合理施加荷载,并对计算结果进行分析。得出的结论,对今后国内类似项目设计具有很好的借鉴意义。     

多点系泊FPSO系泊结构局部强度研究

多点系泊是浮式生产储油船(FPSO)的一种特殊的系泊方式,适用于较好的海况环境.采用有限元分析方法,对多点系泊FPSO系泊结构的局部强度进行了研究.建立三维有限元模型,合理施加计算载荷,对导向装置和导链装置结构强度进行了计算,分析结构的应力状况,得出的结论对于设计类似结构具有一定的参考意义.     

FPSO系泊系统设计上的考虑

作为具有高科技含量的系泊系统,是FPSO(浮式生产储/卸系统)的关键组成部分.根据不同的环境条件和作业要求,其系泊方式也是不同的.其中单点系泊系统(Single Point Mooring System,简称SPM)用的最多、最普遍.本文从介绍FPSO系泊系统入手,对目前应用较为广泛的几类系泊方式进行了较为详细的介绍.然后结合实际,重点对FPSO单点系泊系统在设计上需要考虑的内容进行了分析.最后对中国海域FPSO系泊系统的应用进行了简单的介绍.     

可解脱FPSO的系泊系统解脱过程动态模拟与优化

对中国南海新型可解脱FPSO的系泊系统开发设计而言,如何快速有效地实现解脱是其中的关键技术之一.该文首先对可解脱FPSO的解脱方式及解脱系统进行了简单介绍,然后对解脱过程进行了时域模拟及相关影响因素的敏感性分析,最后得到影响浮子解脱的关键因素,并据此进行了浮子的优化设计.本研究工作为系泊系统解脱的设计提供了分析方法与优化思路,相关结论可被类似解脱系统的设计作为参考.     

FPSO多点系泊技术的发展趋势

鉴于多点系泊系统在温和海域的适用性以及良好的经济性,采用专利挖掘与数据分析技术,分析FPSO多点系泊技术的发展趋势、主要专利权人和技术构成,并结合专利文本信息总结得出FPSO多点系泊技术的发展路线。结果表明,FPSO多点系泊领域内的专利申请集中在系泊控制和系泊装置。该结果可为我国FPSO多点系泊领域的技术发展提供建议。     

船形FPSO多点系泊的甲板机械型式简介

随着FPSO在世界范围内的广泛应用,永久系泊系统作为FPSO的核心设备,也根据不同的应用环境和自身特性划分为许多型式。对于船形FPSO的永久系泊系统来说,较为常见的为单点系泊系统和多点系泊系统。文中重点对目前已经应用过的船形FPSO多点系泊系统的甲板机械型式进行分类介绍,并对多点系泊系统的甲板机械主要原理进行简要概述。     

深水FPSO系泊系统

在FPSO的设计中．系泊技术是最为核心的技术之一。适用于FPSO的系泊系统可大致分为如下两类：多点式系泊系统（SMS）和单点式系泊系统（SPM）。     

多点系泊FPSO的系泊结构研究

研究了多点系泊结构的受力特点及规范要求,采用有限元分析方法,对西非海域油田AZURIT FDPSO(全球第一艘FDPSO)系泊结构建立了三维有限元模型进行研究。按照规范要求,考虑各种工况组合,合理施加荷载,并对计算结果进行分析,得出的结论对今后国内类似项目设计具有很好的借鉴意义。     

基于AQWA的FPSO系泊系统响应数值模拟

针对墨西哥湾海域和西非海域,1 828.8 m水深转塔式FPSO系泊系统,利用水动力通用软件AQWA,建立风浪流作用下船体/锚链耦合系统模型,得到FPSO系泊系统频域与时域的动态响应.着重分析了浪向角180°和225°情况下的各自由度一、二阶响应.利用AQWA的缆索动力学模块,设计校核了系泊缆索受力情况.AQWA提供的...     

Vibration-assisted decommissioning of a slip joint: Application to an offshore wind turbine

An alternative option to the traditional grouted joint for wind turbines is a direct steel-to-steel connection, also known as slip joint. In a recently published work, a proof of concept of a vibration-assisted installation and decommissioning technique of a slip joint was illustrated. Leveraging on the obtained results, the current study shows for the first time a decommissioning campaign carried out using a vibration-assisted technique applied on a prototype hydraulic wind turbine tower located in the North Sea, and connected to the monopile through a slip joint. The key aspect of the dismounting procedure is a priori knowledge of the resonance frequency clusters corresponding to the slip joint’s cross-sectional modes. Therefore, field hammer tests and experimental modal analysis were carried out inside the wind turbine tower. The identified frequencies and mode shapes were then compared with numerical ones estimated by a finite element model of the investigated structure. The comparison showed that a set of frequency clusters can be directly selected from a detailed numerical model. The preparatory work of the slip joint decommissioning was then executed by installing electric shaker devices, based on the dynamic identification results, and hydraulic jacks mounted inside the wind turbine tower. A first decommissioning trial was carried out in May 2019, while the final decommissioning was performed in August 2019. After analysing the measurements of the hydraulic pressures, displacements and excitation frequencies during the decommissioning campaigns, the results showed that it is possible to disconnect the slip joint if, in combination to a vertical static force, one of the identified cross-sectional mode shapes is excited. The vibration-assisted decommissioning proved to be a successful technique to dismount the connection in a controlled and straightforward manner.     

Humpback Whales in Tonga: An Economic Resource for Tourism

The growth of whale-watching internationally has been spectacular. It now occurs in almost 100 countries and is estimated to be worth in excess of U.S.$1 billion each year in revenue. Thus, whales have become valuable as a resource for tourism. The Vava'u island group in the northern part of the Kingdom of Tonga in the South Pacific is an area with a growing reputation as a whale-watching destination. However, the industry is relatively new there and the impacts of whale-based tourism in these islands is, as yet, unknown. In addition, there has been a recent consideration of a return to hunting whales in Tonga. As a result, concerns regarding the value of these animals for tourism and the potential impact of a return to hunting have arisen. Consequently, a study was designed to provide a preliminary assessment of the economic impacts of these animals for the island community. This study estimates that humpback whales may be worth in excess of U.S.$700,000 annually as a tourism attraction and that there is significant potential for future growth. Furthermore, the study shows that current visitors are opposed to any resumption of whaling practices in the islands and that such a move would likely displace large numbers of tourists from Tonga. Thus, it is concluded that a resumption of whaling in Tonga would likely have a significant opportunity cost in terms of lost tourism revenues.     

A study of liabilities of multimodal transport operators in China

This article studies the liabilities of a multimodal transport operator under Chinese law. The present legal framework governing the multimodal transport consists of a complex array of laws and regulations. As a consequence, the applicable liability rules, the degree and the extent of the liability of a multimodal transport operator may vary from case to case. In addition, the ratification of the Rotterdam Rules would only contribute to clarification of legal complexities in a multimodal transport case where a sea leg is included. We conclude that there is a need to have a Chinese multimodal transport law which is broad enough in scope to govern the rights and liabilities of all parties involved in multimodal carriage in China.     

Locomotion by mechanical pectoral fins

The objectives of this study were the development of a new device for maneuvering an underwater vehicle using the mechanism of a fish swimming, an experimental and theoretical analysis of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the device, and its application to maneuvering a fish robot. Observations and experimental analysis of the pectoral fins of a black bass (Micropterus salmoides) revealed that the locomotion of the fish, such as swimming forward at low speed, swimming backward, and turning in a horizontal plane is generated by using a combination of a feathering motion and a lead-lag motion of the pectoral fins. A mechanical pectoral fin making a feathering motion and a lead-lag motion generates a thrust force in a range of phase differences between both motions. The unsteady vortex lattice method, including the effect of viscosity, can express fairly well the unsteady forces acting on the mechanical pectoral fin in the range of phase differences where it exerts the thrust force. The fish robot, consisting of a model fish body and a pair of mechanical pectoral fins, can not only swim forward and turn in almost the same position, but can also swim in a lateral direction without changing the yaw angle. Translation of an article that appeared in the Journal of The Society of Naval Architects of Japan, vol. 182 (1997): The original article won the SNAJ prize, which is awarded annually to the best papers selected from the SNAJ Journal, JMST, or other quality journals in the field of naval architecture and ocean engineering.     

船舶柴油机注汽涡轮增压系统

为了改善涡轮增压柴油机在低工况运行时,会出现增压压力不足、燃烧过量空气系数小和废气排温较高等固有特性,提出了一种利用增压器废气余热产生水蒸汽,并注入涡轮来提高增压器的压比和空气量的新方法。这种新方法可以改善涡轮增压器与柴油机的匹配,从而可提高柴油机的性能。试验结果证实了该方法的有效性。     

Optimal reefer slot conversion for container freight transportation

Given a fleet of container ships of varying capacity, a cost-efficient approach for improving fleet utilization and reducing the number of delayed containers is to optimize the sequence of container ships in a given string, a problem which belongs to the large ship-deployment class. A string sequence with ‘uniformly’ distributed ship capacity is more likely to accommodate a random container shipment demand. The number of one’s total ship slots acts as a gauge of the capacity of the container ships. Meanwhile, there are two types of ship slots: dry slots and reefer slots. A dry slot only accommodates a dry container, while a reefer slot can accommodate either a dry or a reefer container. The numbers of dry and reefer slots for ships in a string are different. Therefore, in this study, we propose a model that considers both dry and reefer slots and use it to elucidate the optimal ship-deployment sequence. The objective is to minimize the delay of dry and reefer containers when the demand is uncertain. Furthermore, based on the optimal sequence deduced, the study also investigates the need to convert some dry slots to reefer slots for the container ships.     

三体船型PCC风荷载的实验性研究(英文)

In recent years, demands for car transportation by a ship have been increasing with favorable economic conditions in auto sector, and the need of a pure car carrier (PCC) has grown quickly. A PCC needs huge parking space but smaller displacement since a car is comparatively light for its volume. As a result, almost all PCCs have wide breadth, shallow draft and huge structure above the water surface. These features cause some technical issues of a PCC, like lack of stability, effect of strong winds on its resistance, difficulty of course keeping in rough seas, difficulty of berthing in strong winds, and so on. To overcome these technical issues, one of the authors has proposed a new concept for a PCC. This is a trimaran PCC which has very limited transverse bulkheads in the center hull by using two side hulls as fenders. In the present research, wind forces acting on a scale model of the trimaran PCC were measured in the towing tank with a wind generator at Osaka Prefecture University. Furthermore, in order to clarify the characteristics of wind pressure on the trimaran, height and width of tunnels which are between a main hull and side hulls were changed. And then, in order to imitate a real ship, we used wind reduction technology of corner-cut design for accommodation house of the ship. Moreover, the wind pressure acting on the trimaran was compared with that on a mono-hull PCC. Using these experimental and theoretical results, an estimation method of wind pressure acting on the trimaran PCC is deduced.     

共翼型舵特性及其对潜艇潜浮运动影响研究

共翼型舵是一种新型的潜艇组合舵翼操纵面.文章首先通过水洞试验和CFD计算对共翼型舵的敞水水动力性能进行了研究,结果表明,共翼型舵的舵效随弦长比和展弦比增大,封堵舵翼之间的间隙可以显著提高舵的水动力性能.随后通过CFD计算对比了分别安装有普通舵、共翼型舵和封堵缝隙的共翼型舵的潜艇的潜浮运动,结果显示,5°舵角时,安装共翼型舵和封堵缝隙的共翼型舵的潜艇模型潜浮角分别比安装普通舵的模型提高65％和105％左右.     

Impact of scale increase of container ships on the generalised chain cost

In recent years, an increase in the size of the container ships could be observed. The question is how these larger ships will influence the total generalised costs from a port of loading to a destination in the European hinterland. The second question is whether a scale increase of the container ships on other loops, such as a loop from the United States to Europe, has the same impact on the generalised chain costs as on the loop from Asia to Europe. A derived question is which element of the total chain has the highest importance, and whether this balance varies as the ship size changes. In this article, a model is developed that allows answering the above research questions. The model is designed to simulate the cost of a complete loop of a container ship and of a chain that uses that same loop. For the chain cost simulation, the maritime part is determined by the loop. From the ports of loading and unloading, the port container handling and the hinterland transportation costs are also integrated. The model also allows calculating the total chain cost from a point of origin (either a hinterland region or a port) to a destination point (also a port or a hinterland region). An actual container loop of a container shipping company can be introduced in the model. An application is made to two existing container loops, namely from Asia respectively the United States to Europe. It turns out that changing ship does indeed lead to economies of scale, but also that the impact is larger on the Asia–Europe connection than on the US–Europe connection. Furthermore, the maritime component has the biggest share in the total chain cost, but as ship size increases, the shares start getting closer to each other. This research contributes to the existing literature in two ways. First of all, it quantifies the impact of the scale increase of container ships throughout the total chain. Second, this is done from a bottom-up engineering modelling approach.     

Numerical analysis on free surface waves and stern viscous flow of a ship model

This paper deals with numerical techniques for computing the viscous flow past a ship hull with and without a free surface using a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver with global conservation. In the first technique, a coarse grid is used to find an approximate solution to the free surface problem. Interpolation of a fine grid is subsequently carried out, and a more exact solution, particularly in the boundary layer and wake, is obtained. In the second technique, a modified Baldwin-Lomax model is introduced to compute the viscous flow with and without a free surface. These numerical techniques are applied to simulations of the flow around a Series 60 and an SR196C ship model. The results are compared with measurement data, and the usefulness of the numerical techniques is demonstrated.