机场轨道交通与捷运系统衔接布局模式研究

随着机场对外轨道交通与机场内部捷运系统的应用推广,二者在机场的衔接布局不合理、运营管理分割等诸多问题日益凸显,不同技术制式的机场轨道交通方式亟待由各自独立建设运营的局面逐渐向轨道交通协同化的方向发展,研究其衔接模式及设施布局具有显著的理论指导意义和实践应用价值。在分析机场轨道交通与旅客捷运系统协同衔接布局的应用实践、基本需求和发展趋势基础上,结合各类机场轨道交通特性和场站布局差异,归纳了4种机场轨道交通与捷运系统的衔接布局模式。     

中运量公交与轨道交通换乘衔接优化研究

中运量公交与轨道交通的换乘衔接是城市公共交通系统中的重要环节,对于提高交通系统效率、降低城市交通拥堵以及改善乘客出行体验具有关键作用。深入研究中运量公交与轨道交通换乘衔接优化,以提高换乘的便捷性和可靠性。首先,对中运量公交与轨道交通系统进行概述;其次,对中运量公交与轨道交通换乘衔接存在的问题进行分析;最后,结合两者特点,提出针对性换乘衔接优化策略。以期提高中运量公交与轨道交通换乘的便利性,进而为人们的高效出行创造有利条件。     

基于AHP-RS的轨道交通跨制式衔接模式适应性评价

伴随着区域多制式轨道交通复合网络的快速发展,研究不同制式轨道交通的衔接问题对提升线网服务水平和运输效率十分重要。本文围绕轨道交通跨制式衔接模式及其适应性评价进行了研究,首先分析衔接模式的影响因素,从定量和定性相结合的角度出发建立评价体系;在此基础上,结合层次分析法(AHP)和粗糙集(RS)法计算主/客观权重并将两者线性加权得到组合权重,从而建立评价模型;最后以重庆市市域铁路江跳线与地铁5号线的衔接模式为例进行分析。结果表明,两线路衔接模式的适应性评价等级为优,与实际情况相符合,验证了评价模型的正确性,为轨道交通跨制式衔接模式适应性评价提供一定的参考。     

轨道交通快线与国铁的衔接模式选取研究

轨道交通快线作为衔接国铁干线与城市轨道交通的运输方式,对于实现大都市区"三铁融合",形成多制式轨道交通网络具有重要意义。与此同时,将国铁干线与轨道交通快线有效衔接,有效解决了周边城区享受国铁干线运输需求。本文在分析了线路衔接模式的基础上,对比换乘模式、贯通运营模式的适用条件,并通过对重庆市轨道交通快线与渝利铁路的实例分析,得到与实际线网相匹配的衔接模式,拟为工程实施方案提供决策支持。     

机场地面交通案例研究及对首都机场的启示

随着T3航站楼的运营,首都机场地面交通衔接问题成为了大家关注的焦点。本文首先研究了进出机场的交通乘客,然后简要的介绍了进出机场的交通方式,接着对最适合首都机场地面交通衔接的交通方式——轨道交通进行了详细的研究,并对首都机场地面交通方式提出了借鉴。     

城市轨道交通前期研究工作思路探讨

结合广州轨道交通立项和建设的实例,针对轨道交通前期工作,如线网规划、建设规划以及单条线路的工可过程进行分析,就前期工作的一些流程和方法进行探讨。     

南宁轨道1号线公交配套衔接规划研究

地铁在城市客运走廊上承担快速、大运量的疏运功能,缓解城市交通拥堵,但在可达性、灵活性等方面存在不足,需要辅以常规公交、出租、公共自行车等其他交通方式接驳,以扩大轨道交通的辐射范围,增强轨道交通吸引力。文章分析了南宁市轨道1号线的公交配套衔接规划思路、方法和方案,以期为其他城市的轨道交通与公交配套衔接规划工作提供参考。     

哈尔滨市轨道交通网络规划研究

通过哈尔滨市轨道交通网络规划研究的实践，探讨了轨道交通网络规划的规划内容、研究方法、技术路线、合理规模研究和实施规划研究等方面的问题。着重探讨线网构架研究，评价体系与推荐线网方案的规划原则与特点，以供开展城市轨道交通网络规划研究工作的参考。     

穗莞深城际望洪站区换乘衔接方案研究

穗莞深城际及佛莞惠城际为联通珠三角地区南北向及东西向的快速客运通道,两线在望洪地区交汇,二者合理的换乘衔接方式,对方便旅客出行、发挥线网功能、高效组织运营和提升运输服务质量具有十分重要意义。从客流特征、行车组织、平面线形、规划适应性、工程投资及工程实施条件方面研究分析两线换乘衔接方案,最终确定两线采用十字交叉设西南联络线的综合最优换乘衔接方案,该研究成果对后续粤港澳大湾区及其他城市群的城际铁路换乘衔接具有一定参考意义。     

武汉客运枢纽交通衔接规划思路及总体构架

本文总结了武汉市客运枢纽交通衔接存在的主要问题,提出了武汉客运枢纽交通衔接人性化、层次化、多元化和高效化等规划原则,以及交通衔接的规划思路,在此基础上构建了武汉客运枢纽交通衔接的总体规划框架。     

Railroad noise: economic valuation and policy

In developed countries noise annoyance is an important source of environmental concern. Research on noise annoyance caused by railroad traffic is relatively underdeveloped. Here, a causal chain model is presented in which railroad traffic density, noise emission, noise immission and noise annoyance are causally related. Noise level, habituation and railroad usage are determinant factors. Noise annoyance causes social and economic costs, such as property value depreciation. Policy measures, aimed at reducing social and economic costs, are incorporated in various stages of the causal model. These measures can be subdivided into noise regulation and direct prevention measures. Stricter threshold values lead to higher total costs, but may lower social costs per capita. Economic feasibility of policy measures is usually analyzed by means of a cost-benefit case study. Methods of analysis used are diverse and ad hoc. Therefore, results of different case studies are not easily compared in terms of research synthesis.     

Power unit ‐ Cargo space link in inland waterway navigation

This paper deals with transportation technology regarding links between power unit or motor ship and ship cargo space. These links can be divided into two groups: rigid and flexible. Rigid link, established between power unit and cargo space, is dominant in maritime and road transport (sea ships and trucks), and occasionally in transport on inland waterways (self‐propelled barges). Flexible link is used in railroad transport (between the locomotive and railroad units), partially in road transport (systems with trailers and semitrailers), and in inland waterway transport (push‐towing, pulling systems and combinations of these systems). The main goal of this research is determination of possible link types and organization of fleet for transport on inland waterways in case of flexible link.     

Hedonic versus homogeneous output specifications of railroad technology: Belgian railroads 1950–1986

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, using data on Belgian railroad operations, we provide the first application of hedonic output aggregation to the railroad industry. Second, we compare the traditional homogeneous output approach with the use of these hedonic aggregates and carefully evaluate differences in estimates of input substitution possibilities, returns to scale, and productivity growth. It is found that ignoring the role of operating characteristics in cost analyses implies substantial bias in estimates of railroad technology.     

A cost and expected consequence approach to planning and managing railroad transportation of hazardous materials

Although hazardous materials (hazmat) account for around 140 million tons of all railroad freight traffic in the US, it has not received much attention from academic researchers. This is surprising especially when one considers the volume of hazmat moved by railroads in both North America and Europe. In this paper we develop a bi-objective optimization model, where cost is determined based on the characteristics of railroad industry and the determination of transport risk incorporates the dynamics of railroad accident. The optimization model and the solution framework is used to solve a realistic-size problem instance based in south-east US, which is then analyzed to gain managerial insights. In addition, a risk-cost frontier depicting non-dominated solutions is developed, followed by conclusion.     

A Value-at-Risk (VAR) approach to routing rail hazmat shipments

Hazardous materials (hazmat) accidents are rare though the consequences could be disastrous. Given the possibility of low probability – high consequence event, a risk-averse routing hazmat shipment is necessary. We propose a value-at-risk (VaR) approach to route rail hazmat shipments, using the best train configuration, over a given railroad network with limited number of train services such that the transport risk as measured by VaR is minimized. Freight train derailment reports of the Federal Railroad Administration were analyzed to develop expressions that would incorporate characteristics of railroad accidents, and then to estimate the different inputs. The proposed methodology was used to study several problem instances generated using the realistic network of a railroad operator, and to demonstrate that it is possible to develop different routes for shipments depending on the risk preference of the decision maker.     

Enhancing intelligent agent collaboration for flow optimization of railroad traffic

Intelligent agents have successfully solved the train pathing problem on a small portion of railroad network [Tsen, 1995, Ph.D. Thesis, Carnegie Mellon University, USA]. As the railroad network grows, it is imperative that the agents collaborate to operate as efficiently as possible. In this paper, the authors demonstrate a collaboration protocol based on a conditional measure of agent effectiveness. Because agent effectiveness is not directly measurable, a suitable metric for agent effectiveness is introduced. Where typically agents run with uniform frequency, the collaboration protocol schedules the agents with a frequency proportional to their expected effectiveness. This protocol introduced a 10-fold improvement in the agent efficiency when tested with a simulation program on a portion of the Burlington Northern railroad.     

Management's role in U.S. rail passenger decline, 1920–1941

Opinions vary as to whether the decline of American railroad passenger service can be attributed primarily to consumer choice or partly to structural impedances to the supply. Results are reported from testing the hypothesis that railroad management supplied service inappropriate in the new motor era: that management catered to a small, high-priced market, whereas it should have catered to a mass, low-priced market. An aggregate demand model with non-linear elasticity characteristics is estimated on railroad traffic between a sample of American cities for 1933. The model is sensitive to speed, fare and headway variables under the control of railroad management and reveals that there was a unique fare for a service of a given speed that maximized gross revenues. The observed fare for most of the 187 cases in the study was near or below the optimal fare, showing that rail managers judged their markets well, at least in the short run.     

The relationship between property values and railroad proximity: a study based on hedonic prices and real estate brokers' appraisals

We study the relationship between the price of residential property value and proximity to railroads in Oslo, by two different methods, namely a) through a hedonic price study where the statistical relationship between property prices and railroad proximity is estimated, and b) through a multi-attribute utility investigation of real estate agents' evaluation of such a relationship. We find in both cases that there are strong effects of proximity to railroad lines on property prices, at distances less than 100 meters from the lines. In the statistical study log-linear relationships fit the data best, and our estimates indicate that a doubling of the distance from the railroad line, within a 100 meter bound, increases the property price by about 10%. With real estate agents only a linear relationship is probed. This yields an increase in the price of an average relevant housing unit by about 182,000 NOK, due to a increase in the distance to a railroad track from 20 to 100 meters. The equivalent figure from the statistical study is in the range 120–150,000 NOK. The two figures are thus of the same magnitude.     

Transport coordination debate and the Japanese National Railways problem in postwar Japan

As the “railroad problem” in Japan became serious, there was a widespread debate calling for the implementation of a policy of transport coordination. Much debated themes were “inherent advantage,” “equal-footing,” “comprehensive transportation system,” and “economizing in transportation.” However, this not only had the effect of hampering the modernization of economic regulations for Japan's railroad industry, but also caused the Japanese National Railways's cumulative deficit to expand and placed a heavy economic burden on the public.     

Bottleneck congestion pricing and modal split: Redistribution of toll revenue

The paper examines the question of the redistribution of toll revenue as seen in a bottleneck congestion model. Our objective is to analyse the impact of this redistribution on total cost and on modal split between railroad and road. Following Tabuchi’s two-mode model (Tabuchi, T., 1993. Bottleneck congestion and modal split. Journal of Urban Economics 34, 414-431.), we integrate a redistribution of toll revenue towards public transport into our study. In this context, we investigate two kinds of road toll regimes: a fine toll and a uniform toll. We will consider two types of railroad fare: when it is set equal to the marginal cost and when it is set equal to average cost. These models allow us to show that toll policy to be more efficient as long as toll revenue is directed towards public transport when the railroad fare is equal to average cost.