粉末冶金多孔钛的研究

采用粉末冶金法在10-3Pa的真空度下烧结多孔钛,获得开孔隙度<50%,孔径分布在5～50μm之间的多孔钛 借助金相显微观察孔隙形貌、利用数理统计方法确定孔径分布、进行压缩试验测定压缩性能 分析了原始粉末的粒度、成型压力、烧结制度对多孔钛的孔隙度、孔径及压缩性能的影响规律 实验结果表明:多孔钛的孔隙度及开孔隙度都随成型压力的增大、烧结温度的升高和烧结时间的延长而降低;孔隙的尺寸随粉末粒度的增大、烧结温度的降低而增大;成型压力增大和烧结时间的延长对孔隙尺寸的影响表现在小孔径孔隙的比例增大,而大孔径孔隙的比例降低;但是粉末粒度变化对多孔钛孔隙度、孔隙尺寸的影响要比成型压力、烧结温度和烧结时间变化的影响强烈的多;多孔钛的开孔隙度越大,其压缩强度越低;当多孔钛的开孔隙度由16%增大至44%时,其断裂强度由0.75GPa降至0.18Gpa     

Simulating mechanical behavior of porous materials by homogenization method

In this study, a homogenization method is employed to determine the values of effective elastic modulus for BaZrO₃ which is a promising candidate material for electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). Comparison between the homogenization and the analysis data reveals that the difference becomes significant with increasing of porosity when upper 20%. The empire mechanic behavior in a typical planar fuel cell is evaluated using finite element method (FEM). Large stress gradient occurs in vicinity of the interface of the electrolyte and the cathode due to theirs mismatch of thermal expansion coefficient (TEC). Moreover, local processing results reveal that microscopic stress concentration around pore near the interface of the electrolyte and the cathode in the cell perhaps produces cracks which may lead to the fail of the electrolyte and the lower energy convention efficiency.     

含盐量对蒙脱石粘土电渗影响试验研究

为了研究电场作用下含盐量不同的蒙脱石粘土的渗透特性,利用自制的室内电渗试验装置,完成了4种含盐量的蒙脱土电渗试验,对试验过程的排水量、电流、电势及试验后含水率进行监测。结果表明:蒙脱土在电场作用下的渗透性显著增大,40V电压情况下电渗排水速率约为常规渗透速率的1000倍;受蒙脱石自身分子结构及电解质浓度的影响,电渗系数随含盐量的增加先增大后减小,在0.5%附近达到最大排水量;土体两端有效电势随含盐量增加而减小,电流反之增大,阴阳两极电势降增大,表明界面处的能耗随含盐量增加而增大;阴阳两极板短接后,电渗过程中电荷发生重分布,电渗结束后,土体内电势分布不均匀,中间区域电势最低,土体各处电流方向不一致。      

Direct electrochemical extraction of Ti5Si3 from Ti/Si-containing metal oxide compounds in molten CaCl2

Direct electrochemical extraction of Ti₅Si₃ from pressed cathode pellets comprising of powdered Ti/Sicontaining metal oxide compounds was investigated by using molten salt electro-deoxidation technology.Three groups of mixtures including TiO₂ mixed with SiO₂,Ti-bearing blast furnace slag（TBFS） mixed with TiO₂, and TBFS mixed with high-titanium slag（HTS） were prepared at the same stoichiometric ratio（Ti:Si=5:3） corresponding to the target composition of Ti₅Si₃,and used as the starting materials in this experiment,respectively. The pressed porous cylindrical pellet of the Ti/Si-containing compounds served as a cathode,and two different anode systems,i.e.,the inert solid oxide oxygen-ion-conducting membrane（SOM） based anode system and graphite-based anode system were used contrastively.The electrochemical experiment was carried out at 900-1050℃and 3.0-4.0 V in molten CaCl₂ electrolyte.The results show that the oxide components were electro-deoxidized effectively and Ti₅Si₃ could be directly extracted from these complex Ti/Si-containing metal oxide compounds.     

Thermal Transport in Nanoporous Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia by Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is widely used as thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to reduce heat transfer between hot gases and metallic components in gas-turbine engines. Porous structure can generally reduce the lattice thermal conductivity of bulk material, so porous YSZ can be potentially used as TBCs with better thermal performance. In this work, we investigate the thermal conductivity of nanoporous YSZ using the nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulation, and comprehensively discuss the effects of cross-sectional area, pore size, structure length, porosity, Y₂O₃ concentration and temperature on the thermal conductivity. To compare with the results of the NEMD simulation, we solve the heat diffusion equation and the gray Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) to calculate the thermal conductivity of the same porous structure. From the results, we find that the thermal conductivity of YSZ has a weak dependence on the structure length at the length range from 10 to 26 nm, which indicates that the majority of heat carriers have very short mean free path (MFP) but there exists small percentage (about 3%) of phonons with longer MFP (larger than 10 nm) contributing to the thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity predicted by NEMD simulation is smaller than that of solving heat diffusion equation (diffusive limit) with the same porous structure. It shows that the presence of pores affects phonon scattering and further affects the thermal conductivity of nanoporous YSZ. The results agree well with the solution of gray BTE with a average MFP of 0.6 nm. The thermal conductivity of nanoporous YSZ weakly depends on the Y₂O₃ concentration and temperature, which shows the phonons with very short MFP play the major contribution to the thermal conductivity. The results help to better understand the heat transfer in porous YSZ structure and develop better TBCs.     

Bi对YBa2Cu3O7—x结构和超导电性的影响

本文以电阻测定和 X 射线衍射分析,研究了 Bi 对 YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-x)结构和超导电性的影响.结果表明:在 YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-x)中加入 Bi,使体系中产生非超导相并降低其超导电性随着 Bi 含量的增加,在液氮温区其导电性由超导体向绝缘体转变.Bi 的加入只改变体系的组成相及其相对含量,并不改变超导相的正交性.加 Bi 的 YBacuO 的导电性对烧结温度很敏感,随着烧结温度的升高,超导电性迅速下降.     

Two Models of DMFC under Effects of Cathode Humidification Temperature and Anode Flow Rate

This paper introduced a novel self-adjustment of parameters of fuzzy neural networks. Then, the effects of cathode humidification temperature and anode flow rate on the performance of direct methanol fuel celI（DMFC） were described respectively. Two dynamic performance models of DMFC under the influences of cathode humidification temperature and anode flow rate were established separately based on fuzzy neural networks. The simulation results show the accuracy of the models established is satisfactory.     

Constant-Step Stress Accelerated Life Test of VFD under Logarithmic Normal Distribution Case

IntroductionVacuum Fluorescent Display(VFD)is nowwidely used in many fields,such as household elec-tric appliance,instruments and meters,communi-cation device,OA,and so on[1].The VFD acceler-ated life test is urgently needed for rapid life esti-mation because of the rival market and the quicklydesigned speed.To the author's knowledge,so farthere are no research reports on VFD acceleratedlife test by logarithmic normal distribution.In view of merits of the step-stress acceleratedlife test…     

纳米Ni粉对Cu粉末烧结性能的影响

研究了纳米Ni粉对Cu粉末烧结性能的影响。研究表明：由于添加1％纳米Ni粉中的NiO未被完全还原,而且纳米Ni粉本身还有被CuO氧化成NiO的可能,因而纳米Ni粉在Cu粉末烧结过程中未能起到活化烧结的作用。相反,添加1％纳米Ni粉后还降低了Cu粉末烧结性能。     

振动压实无砂多孔混凝土组成设计方法(英文)

采用浆体贯入度试验方法,研究了不同水粉质量比的水泥净浆、水泥粉煤灰浆体和水泥硅灰浆体粘稠度变化规律,分析了混合料拌和过程中浆体与集料的粘附状况以及振动压实下混合料浆体析漏情况,提出了适合振动压实工况的无砂多孔混凝土组成设计方法。分析结果表明:在混合料拌和过程中,随着浆体贯入度的增大,浆体在集料上的裹覆量先增大后减小,贯入度在20～40mm时的裹覆能力较强;在振动压实条件下,浆体不出现析漏且试件完整时,浆体贯入度在20～25mm之间;设计的孔隙率为21.8%的无砂水泥混凝土,试件内部孔隙均匀,28d抗压强度能够达到22.8MPa,抗折强度达到3.4MPa。     

Synthesis and Applications of Porous Glass

Porous materials have received significant attention for catalyst, electrochemical energy storage, sensing and compound capture. Large surface area and connected inner channel make porous materials outstanding in the applications of catalyst, batteries and biomedicine. Glass is a traditional material and has the advantages of high stability and other physical properties. By combining the advantages of porous materials and glass, porous glass has been researched widely and applied to many leading-edge fields, such as batteries and sensors. This review presents common methods for synthesizing porous glass, including phase separation process(PSP), direct leaching process(DLP) of acid, sintering and so on. Three main steps for fabrication of each process are concluded. The recent applications are support, capturer and matter transport, and they are highlighted in this review. Future directions for preparing these materials are also discussed.     

PEMFC中水的饱和蒸汽压力与其中多孔介质特征关系研究

质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）水管理是电池能否良好运行的关键.根据催化层微观结构模型,分析了其中电化学反应生成水的传递方式;又据催化层、扩散亚层和扩散层多孔介质材料的亲水性和憎水性,计算了多孔材料中孔径对饱和蒸汽压力的影响.认为电化学反应生成的水可能是气态也可能是液态;材料亲、憎水性和孔径对饱和蒸汽压力有巨大的影响.为了在PEMFC中更精确地构造反应物和生成物的流通通道,微观上研究水的相变和二相流是必须的,因此应构造新的相变和二相流模型.     

P123模板氧化铝介孔材料制备及性能

以PEO-PPO-PEO三嵌段共聚物P123为模板剂,异丙醇铝为铝源,以水为介质通过水热合成技术合成出了氧化铝介孔材料.通过调节P123的用量,得到了孔道结构呈蠕虫状、比表面积较大、平均孔径在15 nm左右、孔容在1.0 cm3/g以上的氧化铝介孔材料;但其孔径分布稍宽.实验结果证明,加入适当量的模板剂能够明显改善氧化铝介孔材料的孔结构特征.     

饱和填土Rankine被动土压力计算

从理论上分析了饱和填土分别处于无渗流和稳定渗流状态时Rankine被动土压力的计算问题。对填土面无超载的情况,当填土中存在稳定渗流时,挡墙仅受被动土压力作用,其大小取填土饱和重度计算;当饱和填土中无渗流时,挡墙同时受被动土压力和水压力作用,土压力取填土浮重度计算。对填土面作用均布荷载情况,当墙背为排水边界时,除荷载作用瞬间外,挡墙仅受被动土压力作用;当填土底面为排水边界时,只有当荷载在墙背引起的超静孔隙水应力完全消散后,挡墙才仅受被动土压力作用。在超静孔隙水应力完全消散前,挡墙同时受被动土压力和水压力作用,其大小和分布随固结度的不同而异;当填土中无渗流时,挡墙同时受被动土压力和水压力作用。     

铸造多孔铝的吸声性能与应用

多孔铝是一种新型的多用途金属材料,本文介绍了铸造多孔铝合金两种常用的制备方法,分析了孔径和孔隙率对吸声性能的影响及多孔铝合金在吸声、减震方面的应用。     

不同类型沥青混合料路用性能研究

不同级配沥青混合料对路用性能有着重要的影响。本文针对大粒径沥青混合料和沥青玛蹄脂碎石混合料,通过高温车辙试验、低温弯曲试验以及疲劳试验,研究了其路用性能,同时与常用的密级配沥青混合料作比较,结果表明:改性沥青可显著改善沥青混合料的技术性能,大粒径沥青混合料和沥青玛蹄脂碎石混合料也具有优良的路用性能,其中大粒径沥青混合料在高温抗永久变形和耐疲劳性方面要优于沥青玛蹄脂碎石混合料,而沥青玛蹄脂碎石混合料在低温抗裂性方面要优于大粒径沥青混合料。     

大阻力配水系统的水头变化问题探讨

从沿途泄流管道的能能分配出发,对其作用水头的确定进行了分析,并对大阻力配水系统的水头变化进行了探讨,结果表明,对沿途均匀泄流管道来说,其作用水头不能仅以压头为计算依据,而应以总水头为准,正是由于这一差异,使文献[1]、[2]对大阻力配水系统的水头变化及孔口出流量大小的结论是错误的,并指出了导致错误的原因。     

高速磁悬浮列车定位测速系统

为实现高速磁浮列车位置和速度检测，提出一个检测方案．该方案通过检测长定子直线同步电机的齿一槽和轨道旁固定位置的绝对位置参考板获取相对位置与绝对位置信号，并利用这2个信号相互校验，消除检测过程中产生的误差．在与上海高速磁浮示范运营线完全相同的长定子上进行的实验结果证明所提方案是可行的．     

烧结机破碎齿耐磨堆焊层的金相分析

烧结机破碎辊的单(双)齿是承受高温冲击磨损的工件.本文对其堆焊层的金相组织、高温性能及抗磨性进行了测试与分析,采用高温金相、透射电镜、电子探针等检测手段,查明了堆焊层的组织构造.通过微区成分分析证实骨络状组织为 Fe4(Cr,Mo)2C型复合碳化物.文中还对自行研制的 L2型高温耐磨堆焊焊条堆焊层的组织性能进行了分析,证实其性能完全满足烧络机单(双)齿辊的技术要求.     

水及水蒸气对YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-x)相结构及超导电性的影响

以热重分析(TGA)、X 射线衍射及电阻-温度关系测定等方法,研究了水及水蒸气于285-1223K 间对 YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-x)超导材料的超导电性退化、水解及热重变化等过程的影响.YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-x)试样在水及水蒸气冷凝于试样表面的水膜的作用下,将逐渐水解为 BaCO_3、CuO 及 Y_2O_3等产物.当试样或水蒸气的温度高于373K 时,水蒸气对YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-x)的晶体结构与超导电性无明显影响.在20%H_2O+80%O_2的气体介质中,YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-x)于373-1223K 问的 TGA 曲线与在常压大气中相似,其放-吸氧及相变过程是完全可逆的.自1223K 降温至373K,YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-x)恢复原来结构与性能.