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采用管道失效评估方法可评估静载荷作用下缺陷是否满足适用要求。但在内压等交变载荷作用下,输油管道环焊缝仍存在疲劳破坏的可能。为评估管道环焊缝缺陷的疲劳寿命,进行管道母材和环焊缝疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验,并分析和统计管道实际运行压力数据以及环焊缝缺陷开挖验证数据,采用BS7910标准方法计算疲劳寿命值。结果显示在仅考虑管道内压波动情况下,管道环焊缝平面型缺陷的疲劳寿命结果满足管道设计使用要求。 相似文献
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针对管道的疲劳失效分析,以概率论为基础,结合确定性的疲劳断裂力学估算方法,推导了管道的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的计算公式.考虑到主要评定参数:初始裂纹尺寸、工况载荷、断裂韧性、机械强度、系数等的不确定性和随机性,应用蒙特卡罗模拟法对这些具有某种特定分布的随机变量进行了随机抽样计算.并利用数值积分法编制了计算机程序,求出在一定可靠度和置信度下的疲劳寿命,并与理论计算方法求得的疲劳寿命进行了比较.还比较了不同初始裂纹尺寸和断裂韧性对疲劳寿命的影响,并给出了算例.分析结果表明:蒙特卡罗模拟法真实地反映评定参数客观存在的不确定性,克服了确定性评定方法的缺点,具有良好的工程指导意义. 相似文献
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中缅油气管道澜沧江跨越段峡谷年平均风速12.4 m/s,最大风速可达30.7 m/s。澜沧江跨越桥在风载作用下非线性振动特性较突出,跨越段管道易产生横纵向位移,从而产生变形及应力增大问题,对管道安全造成影响。文中采用有限元分析方法,对大跨度管道悬索跨越在风载作用下的变形及应力变化问题进行了分析,建立了有限元模型,模拟了风载作用下悬索桥及管道的应力及变形状况。分析了不同检验风速的影响,得到了管道的应力及变形结果。结果表明:管道的最大应力随风速增加呈线性增大,管道达到许用应力的最大风速为240 m/s,约为其所在位置所受极限风速(60.1 m/s)的4倍,故该段悬索跨越管道在极限风速下处于安全状态。 相似文献
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对于一些新建管道,在其未来的腐蚀情况不可预知的情况下,应主要对其进行疲劳剩余寿命预测。疲劳断裂是一种很危险的脆断破坏形式,它出现的时间和位置很难预计。文中从疲劳方面,在考虑了材料特性、环境介质和加载状态的前提下,对穿越河流输油管道的疲劳剩余寿命进行分析。同时,对一段在役穿越河流输油管道的疲劳和腐蚀剩余寿命分别进行计算、比较,取其较小值,确定其剩余寿命。提供了更及时、准确地报告穿越管道的剩余寿命,合理地制定维修、检测周期的依据,使在役穿越管道的管理、检测更加科学。 相似文献
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Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD). An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip. It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links. 相似文献
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《Transportation Research Part A: General》1991,25(6):407-418
The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda. 相似文献
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介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。 相似文献
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明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。 相似文献
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天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本. 相似文献
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Joseph N. Prashker 《Transportation》1979,8(4):329-346
Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area. 相似文献
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