葫芦湾枢纽泄水闸泄流能力研究

基于相关资料,通过断面模型试验研究了葫芦湾枢纽设计中的单孔泄水闸泄流能力问题,发现枢纽原设计方案试验中,在洪水期水闸单孔泄流能力不能满足要求。通过分析该水闸泄洪时的水力特性,采取降低闸底板高程的措施有效地解决了问题,优化了泄水闸结构设计,并通过试验描绘出单孔水闸的泄流曲线,为枢纽建设提供了必要的技术支撑。     

潮汐作用下水闸的泄流特性研究

依据物理模型试验及理论分析方法开展了潮汐作用下水闸的泄流特性研究,取得了新认识:1)将水闸工程及内外衔接工程作为一个整体来研究其泄流特性是可行的;2)在外河水位与内河水位确定条件下,水闸泄流流量与相对开度呈良好的线性关系;3)提出了区分闸孔出流条件与闸门全开条件的临界开度的计算方法;4)提出了闸孔出流条件和闸门全开条件下的阻力系数计算公式;5)在综合考虑上下游水位差、闸孔面积以及上下游水深比值等因素基础上,提出了计算精度更高的闸孔出流条件下泄流流量计算公式。     

湘江土谷塘航电枢纽工程船舶进出闸方式研究

结合枢纽整体水工物理模型试验、船模试验结果,针对"曲进直出"和"直进曲出"两种方案,从口门区通航条件、船舶过闸效率、枢纽湘江大桥的跨径布置、预留二线船闸的施工影响和对枢纽泄流能力的影响等方面对土谷塘航电枢纽工程船舶进出闸方式进行了对比分析,为最终确定船舶进出闸方式提供了依据。     

石榴岗水闸重建工程水工整体模型试验研究

通过建立广州市石榴岗水闸重建工程水工整体模型,研究分析了水闸的泄流能力、闸址附近流态、流速分布、船闸上、下游引航道口门区的流态及流速分布,提出了推荐清淤方案,试验成果可供工程设计和水闸运行管理部门参考。     

从江航电枢纽泄水闸开启方式优化研究

利用从江航电枢纽整体物理模型,研究986 m3/s、1 536 m3/s和3 200 m3/s等三级控泄流量时,闸门开启高度、闸门开启顺序对枢纽下游水流条件的影响。重点分析观测的各方案枢纽坝下流速流态和下游船闸口门区及连接段的表面流速,得出该流量级泄水闸开启的优化方式。流量较小时,泄流闸开启孔位对下游河道水流条件有较为明显的影响;当流量较大时,泄水闸开启孔数增多,相应孔位的不同对下游河道水流条件影响作用减弱。在控泄流量时,泄水闸开启以分散开启或全开方式较好;既便小流量时,因电站出流的影响,泄流闸也宜采用分散开启方式。     

粘钢法在张公龙水库弧门支座加固中的应用

目前对现有水利工程进行维护与加固改造逐渐成为水利建设管理中的一项重要任务,张公龙水电站原溢流坝泄流能力不足,运行中曾出现水流漫坝下泄的险情,需在原溢流坝左侧增设溢流闸孔,而原有的三孔闸进行加固处理,此为广东省内首次将粘钢植筋法用于弧门支座的加固,该工程于2012年11月加固后下闸蓄水,至今运行良好。     

那吉航运枢纽施工导流模型试验研究

通过1:100定床整体水工模型,对一期导流明渠的泄流能力、流速流态、通航水流条件和二期3孔导流的泄流能力、船闸的通航水流条件进行了试验研究。研究表明,一、二期导流工程泄流能力满足设计要求,通航水流条件满足施工期要求。     

白杨河水库溢洪道急流收缩段优化模型试验研究

白杨河水库溢洪道模型试验,结果表明原设计方案溢流堰泄流能力不满足设计要求,在急流收缩段形成了严重的冲击波,水流折冲形成水翅超出边墙,收缩段边墙高度不满足安全泄流要求。通过系列试验对设计方案进行修改优化,提出了增加WES堰泄流净宽度和收缩段长度,同时在收缩段设置一小于溢洪道底板坡度的正坡对称多边形孔板消除急流收缩段冲击波的优化方案。优化方案的试验结果表明,溢洪道泄流能力满足泄流要求,急流收缩段内泄洪流态明显改善,折冲水流产生的水翅消除,收缩段水深低于各段泄槽边墙高度,满足安全泄流要求。     

乌江渡电站泄流对乌江渡码头航行影响

为分析乌江渡水电站泄流对下游乌江渡码头通航水流条件的影响,建立了乌江渡码头河段二维非恒定流水流数学模型,并运用实测水位流速资料对模型进行验证。对恒定流通航条件进行模拟分析。针对电站发电泄流代表方式,采用流速和比降历时变化、10 min水位变率,分析电站泄流引起的乌江渡河段通航水动力变化过程。结合船舶上行能力,分析电站泄流对船舶进港靠泊的影响。     

几种景观坝在水利工程中的应用与比选

随着社会经济的快速发展和城市建设对水生态理念的逐渐践行,景观坝在城市河道治理工程中广泛应用。常用的新型景观坝型式有底轴驱动翻板闸、气动浮体坝、气动盾形坝等。本文从泄流能力、运行方式、景观效果等方面对几种景观坝进行了综合对比分析,为工程应用提供一定的参考。     

钢-混凝土箱型组合斜拉桥主梁混凝土收缩徐变分析

组合梁斜拉桥兼有混凝土和钢结构的优点,但作为两种材料的结合体,混凝土收缩徐变会引起组合截面的应力重分配,可能促使混凝土裂缝的提前出现或加速裂缝的扩展,从而降低结构的受力性能和耐久性。采用有限元方法分析了混凝土收缩徐变对组合梁斜拉桥主梁应力重分布的影响,并对混凝土的加载龄期的影响进行了参数分析。计算结果表明：混凝土加载龄期越早,组合截面的应力重分布越明显;混凝土收缩徐变对混凝土桥面板的应力影响不大,但对钢梁应力影响较为显著,钢梁的应力增量达到钢材容许应力的30%左右。     

BIM技术在航道建设中的作用

航道工程具有施工工期长、施工影响因素多等特点。在航道工程的设计、施工、维护的各个阶段,随着对精细化管理的需求日趋提高,传统的实施方法已不能满足工程的强度与精度要求。从航道工程和BIM的特性入手,探讨了BIM技术在航道工程设计、施工、维护等各阶段的应用。在保证设计合理性的前提下,可通过BIM模型完成设计意图的表达与传递,从而保证航道工程的施工质量,以及后续维护阶段航道整治建筑物安全、稳定地发挥其作用。     

便携式船舶液舱容积查询系统的设计

介绍了便携式船舶液舱容积查询系统的软硬件设计思路。该系统通过现场获得液面高度,输入纵倾值、视密度、视温度等参数后,由人机界面自动显示液舱内油品的质量和容量,并可对输入参数以及计算结果进行存储记录,减少了现场计量人员查表计算的工作量,提高了工作效率,保证了计量结果计算的准确可靠性,便于数字化管理和事后检验。     

Evolving the subspace of the three-dimensional multiscale ocean variability: Massachusetts Bay

A data and dynamics driven approach to estimate, decompose, organize and analyze the evolving three-dimensional variability of ocean fields is outlined. Variability refers here to the statistics of the differences between ocean states and a reference state. In general, these statistics evolve in time and space. For a first endeavor, the variability subspace defined by the dominant eigendecomposition of a normalized form of the variability covariance is evolved. A multiscale methodology for its initialization and forecast is outlined. It combines data and primitive equation dynamics within a Monte-Carlo approach.The methodology is applied to part of a multidisciplinary experiment that occurred in Massachusetts Bay in late summer and early fall of 1998. For a 4-day time period, the three-dimensional and multivariate properties of the variability standard deviations and dominant eigenvectors are studied. Two variability patterns are discussed in detail. One relates to a displacement of the Gulf of Maine coastal current offshore from Cape Ann, with the creation of adjacent mesoscale recirculation cells. The other relates to a Bay-wide coastal upwelling mode from Barnstable Harbor to Gloucester in response to strong southerly winds. Snapshots and tendencies of physical fields and trajectories of simulated Lagrangian drifters are employed to diagnose and illustrate the use of the dominant variability covariance. The variability subspace is shown to guide the dynamical analysis of the physical fields. For the stratified conditions, it is found that strong wind events can alter the structures of the buoyancy flow and that circulation features are more variable than previously described, on multiple scales. In several locations, the factors estimated to be important include some or all of the atmospheric and surface pressure forcings, and associated Ekman transports and downwelling/upwelling processes, the Coriolis force, the pressure force, inertia and mixing.     

船用五螺杆泵低噪声工艺技术

本文通过对现有的某船用五螺杆泵的频谱特征和振动特性进行分析,找出主要振动噪声源,通过改进进口流道面积,并对现有的螺杆加工工艺进行研究和优化改进,改进后的设计通过样机的制造,并经过试验对比分析,进一步验证方法的可行性和预期减振效果。     

High-resolution surveys of the biogeochemistry of the New England shelfbreak front during Summer, 2002

We present the observations from a pair of field experiments at the New England shelfbreak front in June and August of 2002, each consisting of 14 cross-frontal surveys using the Lamont Pumping SeaSoar. Measurements of the front's physical, chemical, and bio-optical characteristics were made at high spatial and temporal resolution. The front, based on water-column hydrographic distributions, was found within a few km of the 200 m isobath during both cruises. We present here composite sections, based on averages of individual sections shifted in space to a common frontal location, of the cross-frontal distributions of these properties as a measure of the mean state of the front in both June and August. The observations show the familiar temperature, salinity, and density distributions of the summertime front, dominated by surface thermal heating. Nutrient and bio-optical distributions show the combined effects of water-mass exchange and biological processes. T, S, silicate, and phosphate distributions are suggestive of cross-frontal exchange of slope- and shelf waters, although transport mechanisms and pathways are not apparent. These properties, along with nitrate and optical measures of the suspended particle distributions, show vertical displacements of isopleths as the front is approached: property contours slope upwards toward the front from the shoreward side, and downwards toward the front from the seaward side. Again, actual water-movement pathways are not constrained by these suggestive patterns. Bio-optical distributions show elevated indicators of photosynthetic efficiency both seaward and shoreward of the front, but the front itself is a minimum in biomass. Accumulation of photosynthetic biomass appears to be controlled primarily by nitrate scarcity in waters within and above the pycnocline. At the base of the pycnocline, light limitation appears to be the controlling factor, although the base of the euphotic zone is deeper than the biomass maxima and the base of the pycnocline. Mechanisms explaining this phenomenon are unclear, but tenuous evidence suggests low stratification at the depth of the 1% light level may not allow phytoplankton to optimize for the low-light, high-nutrient conditions at depth. Cross-frontal differences in nutrient and bio-optical parameters, particularly in August, suggest distinct phytoplankton assemblages, and the presence of calcite-forming or nitrogen fixing groups to the community structure, especially in very shallow waters across the front and in pycnocline waters seaward of the front.     

二次预应力外包钢组合梁叠合楼盖动力特性有限元分析

二次预应力外包钢组合梁叠合楼盖结构体系是目前在外包钢组合梁和预应力结构理论研究基础上提出的新型楼盖体系。这种新型式的组合式叠合结构利用轻骨料混凝土大幅地减轻结构自重,增加楼盖体系保温隔热和隔音性能,同时通过两次预应力的张拉,使该新型楼盖系统适合了大跨度工程施工及承载,以及充分发挥各组合材料物理力学特性的要求,为该类型结构推广应用奠定了基础。论文采用有限元软件ANSYS建立叠合楼盖三维实体模型。对叠合楼盖的动力特性进行了分析,并通过改变预应力的大小、预应力筋的布筋形态和柱的约束条件等进行参数讨论。文中分析了各参数对结构体系自振频率及振幅产生的影响并得到了一些规律性的结论,对进一步研究该体系的动力性能有一定的指导意义。     

A review of physical flexible ship models used for hydroelastic experiments

Hydroelasticity of ships has been established as a necessary form of investigation for both slender ships and high-speed craft. Experimental investigations have spanned various topics, including symmetric and antisymmetric, harmonic and transient, linear and nonlinear responses. Models have varied in size and the way the structure is modelled, depending of the focus of the investigation. The multitude of interacting physical mechanisms introduce almost-impossible-to-resolve scaling issues, and the eventual compromises depend on the aim of the investigator. This publication provides a comprehensive review of the evolution of these experimental techniques, from the first appearances of the field to the modern state-of-the-art and potential future directions.     

重大工程中的断裂构造探测

工程建设中的断裂构造对场地稳定和建筑物安全的影响已经引起了重视,针对断裂构造成因复杂、大小不一、埋藏深度不一、内含物的成分及性状差异极大,造成对断裂构造探测的针对性、直观性不足的问题,进行探测技术路线和探测方法的研究和论述,采用基于区域地质条件分析,运用多种手段对表部和隐伏的断裂构造进行深入的探测方法,探测成果直观、可靠,对工程建设宏观的安全性评价、研究场地内断裂构造对工程的影响提供详尽的资料。结合上海洋山深水港区LNG码头和后方堆场工程,验证该探测技术路线和方法能有针对性地、直观地探测工程场地内的断裂构造。     

高桩码头-岸坡相互作用有限元数值模拟

高桩码头-岸坡体系的相互作用机理一直是困扰工程界的难题。基于某突堤的现场勘察资料和土体参数,建立了高桩码头与岸坡相互作用的二维平面应变问题和三维空间问题的弹塑性有限元模型,采用与M ohr-Co lum n准则匹配的D rucker-P rager准则作为土的屈服准则,分析了桩基-岸坡体系的变形机理,同时,针对二维和三维情况各种工况组合进行了对比分析,并结合土体参数和现场测斜资料,分析了高桩码头-岸坡体系的变形规律,并指出了影响桩、梁和岸坡体系变形的主要因素,并建议了合理的治理方案。