头台油田集油管网地理信息系统开发研究

随着地理信息系统(GIS)的产生和发展,采用GIS技术实现油田管网空间数据和属性数据的统一管理成为未来油田管理系统的发展趋势.文中主要阐述了油田集油管网地理信息系统的建设思路和实现方法,针对头台油田的实际情况,以组件式GIS系统软件和面向对象编程为基础,开发了一套方便实用的油田集油管网地理信息系统.系统实现了油田集油管网的数据采集、管线图绘制,以及信息的浏览、查询统计、空间分析、综合管理等功能,并介绍了GIS系统与油田管道SCADA系统的综合使用,从而实现油田管道的泄漏检测分析和管道风险评价分析等专业分析功能.     

油田小口径管道内壁腐蚀检测技术

油田集输系统管道因内腐蚀穿孔造成停产事故和环境污染等,是油田安全生产的重大隐患,及早发现和判断管道内腐蚀情况越来越重要,为此研究开发了一种油田小口径管道内壁腐蚀检测技术.该技术采用长距离小口径管道内部视频检测车,通过视频观察和录像、里程记忆等系统的精密集成,实现了小口径管道长距离内壁表面状况检测.通过试验,获得令人满意...     

基于GPRS的采油井网远程监测防盗系统

针对以往油田监控方式和设备存在的弊端,设计了一种基于GPRS的采油井网远程监测防盗系统。介绍了系统的组成和各部分功能;详细阐述了数据采集终端的硬件结构、负压波原理以及将负压波技术应用于输油管道监测的方法;最后给出系统的软件设计。实验结果表明:该系统集采油井状态监测和防盗功能于一身,硬件投资小,运行稳定可靠,监测精度高,可满足工程应用要求,有广阔的应用前景。     

宝浪油田污水防腐与防护技术研究(一)

宝浪油田作为中国西部开发的新油田,由于特殊的环境因素和产出液高矿化度的特性,联合站污水系统腐蚀现象极为严重。通过水质分析、腐蚀产物分析、腐蚀挂片测试、电化学分析等多方面的试验、研究,初步明确了该系统的腐蚀因素和腐蚀机理,为下一步的防腐技术和措施研究奠定了基础。     

高含水期油田地面工程现状及发展趋势

随着油田开采时间的不断增长,国内外很多油田都进入了产能后期,都面临着相同的问题:采出油含水率高,以及由此带来的一系列问题(脱水能力不足、原油集输与处理系统运行效率和设备利用效率下降及生产成本过高等).在解决高含水期油田集输问题上,国内外都积累了一些成功的经验,文中对脱水能力不足,原油集输与处理及设备利用率等方面进行了详...     

液压增压单井增注系统实验研究

对液压增压单井增注系统进行了室内实验研究,验证了液压增压单井增注系统的增压效果。结果表明：该系统运行平稳可靠,无需外接能源,注水管线来水经过此系统后直接增压,增压效果明显,有效地解决了油田增压注水的难题,尤其对于偏远注水井,效果更为显著。     

输油管道泄漏监测技术及在胜利油田中的应用

对国内外输油管道泄漏检测方法进行了分析,对油田输油管道防盗监测方法进行了探讨。针对油田输油管道防盗监测问题,指出了油田输油管道防盗监测系统的关键技术是管道泄漏检测报警及泄漏点的精确定位,并介绍了胜利油田输油管道泄漏监测系统的应用情况。     

地理信息系统在油田管网管理中的应用

介绍了地理信息系统在管理油田管网中的空间定位、现场状况分析、信息双向交流与现场监控、现场空间模拟等方面的应用。应用该系统提高了管网的管理水平 ,降低了生产成本 ,促进了科研开发 ,提高了经济效益     

输油管线泄漏监测技术研究

文中对国内外输油管道泄漏检测技术现状进行了简要分析,并对油田输油管道泄漏监测的方法进行了探讨.针对油田输油管道泄漏监测问题,指出了油田输油管道泄漏监测系统的关键技术是管道泄漏检测预警及泄漏点的精确定位.采用流量与负压波相结合监测输油管道泄漏的方法,能较好地达到预期效果.在油田输油管道安装泄漏监测系统可以确保管道安全运行...     

国产柔性管道浅海铺设技术研究与应用

依托JZ9-3W油田建设工程,结合国产柔性管道本身特性和所依托油田海域条件,对柔性管道铺设工艺、专用滚筒以及铺设后的检试验方法等进行研究,以达到在海洋利用国产柔性管道来输送油、气及水的设想,旨在降低海上石油开发成本,提高油田开发效率和效益。该技术已经成功应用于工程实践,可以为今后海底国产柔性管道铺设施工提供指导。     

模糊控制在工业控制系统中的应用

模糊逻辑是人工智能的重要组成部分。阐述了模糊控制的基本原理和基本方法 ,并对模糊控制与传统的PID控制进行了比较。在分析模糊控制的基础上 ,提出了一种模糊控制与PID控制相结合的控制方法 ,并以动态控温系统中PID参数的实时整定为例 ,介绍了模糊控制的具体应用     

Effectiveness of roadside crash countermeasures

In this article, an "intelligent" airline seat inventory control system is developed. Applications of the system are considered for both nonstop flights and flights with stopovers. The system developed is able to recognize a situation characterized by the number of reservations made by individual passenger classes and the number of canceled reservations at a certain moment in time before departure. The system can also make the appropriate decision without knowing the functional relationships in effect between individual variables. As in other intelligent systems, the "intelligent" airline seat inventory control system proposed here is able to generalize, adapt and learn based on new knowledge and new information. The "intelligent" airline seat inventory control system is based on fuzzy logic. The system makes on-line decisions as to whether to accept or reject any passenger request using established fuzzy rules. The "intelligent" system's results are compared with those of the EMSR model for nonstop flights. The results for flights with stopovers are compared with those obtained using integer programming. The final conclusions are very promising.     

公路隧道照明节能技术

建立既安全又经济节能的隧道照明系统,是降低隧道运营成本的关键.文章从隧道照明灯具选择、灯具布置方式、照明控制技术和系统维护等方面对隧道照明系统的节能技术进行了总结,阐述了隧道照明节能控制的几项关键技术,指出了隧道照明节能技术的未来发展方向,即为充分考虑照明灯具性能及其布置方式的优化,以及控制系统的系统化、智能化、综合化.     

A microscopic simulation model for merging control on a dedicated-lane automated highway system

The automated highway systems (AHS) are not designed as stand-alone transportation facilities. Drivers will by necessity drive from their origins to the AHS entrance, and from the AHS exit to their final destinations. Therefore, the AHS will affect other transportation facilities, and should be integrated with all other facilities in the transportation system. Interfaces create much of the congestion for today’s transportation systems. Likewise, AHS interfaces may cause a similar problem, due to either AHS interactions with conventional systems or internal limitations from AHS merging capabilities. If these problems exist, either the AHS or the conventional road network cannot function properly. Consequently, the system as a whole may break down and the AHS could potentially become a detriment to the overall transportation system.Clearly, not enough is known about the automated merging process to determine what conditions would lead to congestion at interface points. The current macroscopic analysis techniques assume parameters that are not applicable to an AHS, and no detailed AHS merging models have been developed and validated. This paper addresses the interface problem between an AHS, and conventional roadway. Specifically, it presents a microscopic simulation model for one scenario of the automated merging maneuver. The results of the model show that for low flows and conventional highway speeds, an one-lane AHS merging section with a dedicated automated entrance ramp has many similar characteristics as a two-lane conventional freeway with or without fixed-time ramp metering. However, when the conventional freeway starts to “break down” near its capacity, the AHS continues to perform with little delay. The model also validates that the minimum ramp length requirements are a function of the merging vehicle’s speed, the mainline vehicles’ speed, and the acceleration and deceleration rates of the merging vehicle.     

基于DSP/GPRS的长输管道阴极保护在线监测系统的设计

针对人工巡检长输管道阴极保护的不足,设计了一种长输管道阴极保护在线监测系统.整个系统分为硬件部分和软件部分.硬件部分基于DSP和GPRS技术,实现管道阴极保护电位的在线测量和信息的传输.软件部分基于VC ++,实现数据的接收、保存和计算机辅助分析.现场试验表明:研制的在线监测系统实时性好、可靠性高.     

VMT自动导向系统在盾构法施工中的应用和研究

利用自动仿真技术,结合应用广泛的测量仪器,针对盾构法地铁施工,采用无线数据传输功能,方便、快捷地将盾构机掘进姿态以图形和文字的双重效果实时显示在计算机屏幕上,指导盾构机操作手调整盾构掘进参数,可真正实现操作可视化、同步化。     

防风网工程防撞措施研究

防风网工程是一种应用于港口露天煤堆场的环保构筑物,然而煤堆场内转运煤炭的货车数量多且出入频繁,给道路周边的防风网带来了安全隐患。文章分析了港区货车撞击防风网等构筑物事故发生的原因,介绍了防撞措施的设置原则,提出了刚性防撞、柔性防撞、绿化带防撞、夜间防撞等被动防撞措施。     

天然气站场数据采集和远传实现方法

石油天然气行业生产站场分散,各站场设备运行安全性要求高,需要工作人员定期对设备进行巡查记录,以前主要靠手写记录,同时数据也不能及时上传到企业总部.文中提供了一种利用数据库系统、软件系统操作、企业局域网络传输等多项技术,实现天然气行业生产场站对设备的定期巡检,巡检数据通过网络及时上传的一种软件和硬件结合的实现方案.     

隧道专用特种压力循环注浆锚固装置及施工工艺的研究

文章针对目前砂浆锚杆存在的问题,介绍了一种具有螺旋杆体、止浆装置和排气管、并可监控注浆压力的锚杆注浆系统。通过模拟试验和现场实践证明,该装置可方便可靠地实现全螺旋砂浆锚杆的有压注浆,具有不失浆、不漏浆以及注浆饱满等特点;且注浆施工工艺操作简单,解决了当前普通砂浆锚杆在施工中不能安装配件和注浆效果差等问题。     

Modeling cooperative and autonomous adaptive cruise control dynamic responses using experimental data

Vehicle longitudinal control systems such as (commercially available) autonomous Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and its more sophisticated variant Cooperative ACC (CACC) could potentially have significant impacts on traffic flow. Accurate models of the dynamic responses of both of these systems are needed to produce realistic predictions of their effects on highway capacity and traffic flow dynamics. This paper describes the development of models of both ACC and CACC control systems that are based on real experimental data. To this end, four production vehicles were equipped with a commercial ACC system and a newly developed CACC controller. The Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) that has been widely used for ACC car-following modeling was also implemented on the production vehicles. These controllers were tested in different traffic situations in order to measure the actual responses of the vehicles. Test results indicate that: (1) the IDM controller when implemented in our experimental test vehicles does not perceptibly follow the speed changes of the preceding vehicle; (2) strings of consecutive ACC vehicles are unstable, amplifying the speed variations of preceding vehicles; and (3) strings of consecutive CACC vehicles overcome these limitations, providing smooth and stable car following responses. Simple but accurate models of the ACC and CACC vehicle following dynamics were derived from the actual measured responses of the vehicles and applied to simulations of some simple multi-vehicle car following scenarios.