不同运行条件下船用蒸汽蓄热器充汽过程动态特性数值模拟

船用蒸汽蓄热器的充汽过程是复杂剧烈的汽液两相热质交换过程,具有瞬时充汽量极大、热负荷波动剧烈的特点,其充汽特性直接关系到舰船蒸汽动力系统的运行稳定性。根据船用蒸汽蓄热器的运行条件,采用考虑汽液两相蒸发与冷凝的两流体模型和热相变模型,进行不同初始水位和压力下船用蒸汽蓄热器充汽过程动态特性的数值研究。计算结果表明：在充汽流量一定的条件下,蒸汽蓄热器初始水位越高,导致蓄热器压力越小、蒸汽温度越低;蒸汽蓄热器初始压力越大,造成蓄热器压力越大、蒸汽温度越高;在充汽起始阶段,蒸汽蓄热器初始压力越大,蓄热器水位和压力波动越剧烈。     

摇摆条件下船用蒸汽蓄热器放汽过程数值研究

基于两流体模型和热相变模型,结合考虑附加惯性力的摇摆计算模型,并引入指数压降放汽边界条件,利用CFX软件进行了摇摆条件下船用蒸汽蓄热器放汽过程数值计算。计算结果显示,在摇摆条件下,蒸汽蓄热器放汽压力和温度均快速降低,但摇摆运动对放汽压力和温度参数影响比较小;摇摆运动加强蒸汽蓄热器内汽水两相流体的湍流交混,诱发蓄热器压力场、速度场和温度场分布紊乱;周期性的摇摆运动导致蒸汽蓄热器水位产生剧烈的周期性波动,且波动周期与摇摆周期基本一致。摇摆模型在蒸汽蓄热器两相流数值模拟中的成功应用,可为海洋条件下蒸汽蓄热器热工水力的准确分析提供参考。     

两种充汽模式下船用蒸汽蓄热器动态性能数值模拟

为给船舶蒸汽动力系统设计提供技术支撑,采用考虑蒸发和冷凝的热相变模型描述蒸汽蓄热器汽、液两相的热质传递规律,并结合缓慢充汽和快速充汽计算边界条件,基于CFX实现不同充汽模式下船用蒸汽蓄热器动态性能数值模拟。计算结果表明：在缓慢充汽起始阶段,船用蒸汽蓄热器水位波动大,最终水位保持平稳且略有升高;缓慢充汽过程中,船用蒸汽蓄热器的压力和温度均呈先快速上升再下降的变化规律;在快速充汽过程中,蒸汽蓄热器的压力和温度均呈先快速上升再下降的变化规律,计算结果与试验数据基本吻合。     

船用蒸汽蓄热器放汽过程动态特性数值模拟

船用蒸汽蓄热器是在极短时间内实现从较大流量供汽能力向极大流量供汽能力转换的关键设备,对船舶蒸汽动力系统安全稳定运行具有重要影响。以船用蒸汽蓄热器为原型,建立三维物理模型,采用两流体模型计算放汽过程中的闪蒸规律,利用标准k-ε 方程计算蓄热器湍流脉动形式,并引入指数压降放汽边界条件,进行船用蒸汽蓄热器放汽过程动态特性的数值研究。计算结果表明:在放汽起始阶段,蒸汽蓄热器出现了“虚假水位”;放汽过程后期,在蒸汽蓄热器水空间呈现涡流现象,形成了汽水自然对流循环,加强了汽水湍流脉动及沸腾传热效果,其模拟计算结果与试验数据基本吻合。

     

船用蒸汽蓄热器放汽过程动态特性数值模拟北大核心CSCD

船用蒸汽蓄热器是在极短时间内实现从较大流量供汽能力向极大流量供汽能力转换的关键设备,对船舶蒸汽动力系统安全稳定运行具有重要影响。以船用蒸汽蓄热器为原型,建立三维物理模型,采用两流体模型计算放汽过程中的闪蒸规律,利用标准k-ε方程计算蓄热器湍流脉动形式,并引入指数压降放汽边界条件,进行船用蒸汽蓄热器放汽过程动态特性的数值研究。计算结果表明:在放汽起始阶段,蒸汽蓄热器出现了"虚假水位";放汽过程后期,在蒸汽蓄热器水空间呈现涡流现象,形成了汽水自然对流循环,加强了汽水湍流脉动及沸腾传热效果,其模拟计算结果与试验数据基本吻合。     

船用蒸汽蓄热器快速充汽过程吸热特性的测量方法研究

为了满足短时间耗汽量极大用汽设备的用汽需求,选取平均过冷度和吸热系数作为船用蒸汽蓄热器吸热特性的评价指标,对快速充汽过程进行数学建模和实验研究,以期达到对吸热特性的测量。结果表明:蒸汽蓄热器在吸热过程中,其水部存在着明显的温度分布不均匀,通过对充汽流量的减小和充汽时间的延长,能够改善吸热特性。与此同时,测量方法也有效可行,完全可用于船用蒸汽蓄热器在快速充汽过程中的吸热特性测量。     

船用U形管蒸汽发生器模型及其动态仿真应用

针对船用立式U形管自然循环蒸汽发生器,建立了能够描述其稳态及瞬态热工水力特性的数学物理模型,并编制了计算程序。计算和验证结果表明,该数学物理模型准确,可以与其他船用模型一起构建船用系统模型以进行安全分析研究或开发船用核动力仿真机。     

蒸汽蓄热器充热装置设计研究

本文分析论证了充热效率与充热装置各部件结构尺寸的关系，从中找出充热装置的循环筒 直径，长度，喷嘴，口径等最佳尺寸，为蓄热器充热装置的设计提供了依据。根据这一研究成果设计的１３ＭＰａ蒸汽蓄热器系列已作为国家标准图正式出版。     

新型冷却介质在船用柴油机上的应用

采用高载热密度、高传热性能的冷却介质是解决船用柴油机大功率化、紧凑化的有效途径.综述了纳米流体冷却介质在柴油机上强化传热的研究进展.针对船用柴油机散热要求,提出了具有高载热密度的相变流体冷却 技术.研制了石蜡乳状液相变流体并分析了其在船用柴油机上应用的相关性能.为了强化相变流体的传热性能,结合纳米流体技术,制备了纳米粒子/石蜡乳状液复合相变流体,并阐述了该流体在船用柴油机上的应用特点.最后探讨了新型冷却介质在柴油机上应用需要解决的关键问题.     

船舶典型充汽管路水动力特性数值预测

建立船舶典型充汽管路三维计算模型,运用计算流体力学方法进行充汽管路流体水动力特性数值研究,捕捉流体压力、流速、密度、湍流动能等关键参数分布规律,基于流致振动预测机理,揭示与流致振动密切相关的流体流动能量。计算结果显示:充汽管路弯头部位产生由外壁向内壁发展的二次流动现象,导致弯头区域呈现内壁压力小、流速高、密度小、湍流动能及耗散率高等情况;基于流体流动能量分布规律,充汽管路弯头区域能量出现最大值,且弯头内壁流动能量高于外壁,可以预测充汽管路弯头内壁侧承受流致振动破坏较严重,实际充汽管路检测数据验证了数值预测结果。

     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

桥梁防撞设施物理模型试验

物理模型试验是预报防撞设施所受撞击力及优化设计方案的主要方法之一。结合杭州湾大桥柔性防撞设施及东海大桥独立式防撞体设计方案,阐述了船—防撞体撞击试验的基本原理、方法、试验方案及相关试验结果。提出了柔性防撞系统的优化方案。试验结果表明,该方案经济有效,可供预报类似桥梁防撞设施撞击力时参考。     

印尼某电厂码头水工建筑物设计

印尼某电厂项目码头水工建筑物包括码头、防波堤和护岸等主要组成部分。在该项目水工建筑物的设计过程中,综合考虑当地的自然条件、施工能力和材料来源等因素,不断优化结构选型和结构断面。根据不同使用要求,护岸分别采用直立式和斜坡式2种结构型式,推荐的设计方案节省投资、施工方便,可供同类工程设计参考。     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

开放式数据挖掘系统模型

目前国内已经出现了少量的数据挖掘相关产品。国内数据挖掘软件无论从数量还是质量上比较，都与国外软件存在着较大的差距。随着数据仓库技术的普及，数据挖掘应用的需求越来越强烈，如何缩短这种差距，研发数据挖掘软件产品成为国内业界的一个重要问题。通过引用目前国际通用数据挖掘标准技术来构建开放式的数据挖掘系统模型，该系统模型从可扩展性、可重用性、易用性等方面得到了加强。