港口集装箱物流网络运作模型设计

目前,港口集装箱物流正成为整个海上物流体系中重要一环,物流效率及端到端的服务是客户考虑的重要因素,传统的集装箱装配模式已经越来越不能适应现代海上物流的信息化要求。随着物流体系的网络化建设,将港口集装箱配送作为整个海上物流体系中的一个节点;同时,管理者对码头内部各环节进行合理的网络化管理是现代港口物流的发展趋势。本文对港口集装箱的网络运行模型进行定量及定性分析,为提高运行效率提供参考依据。     

A risk assessment model with systematical uncertainty treatment for container shipping operations

ABSTRACT

The substantial adverse effects of risk factors on container shipping and logistics promoted a deep integration of risk analysis into the decision-making process. This paper aims to develop a well-grounded quantitative model to operational risk in a container shipping context. Considering uncertainty as a primary component of the risk concept, methods were employed in an inter-complementary manner to enable not only a sense of foreseeability but also a deeper look into the weaknesses of the knowledge base. The intersubjectivity of the input extraction process was supported by the Evidential Reasoning (ER) algorithm. Risks are then assessed based on a Fuzzy Rules Bayesian Network (FRBN) model with a 2-level parameter structure before meaningful interpretations can be derived through a new risk mapping approach. Besides an illustrative case study, the model was tested by sensitivity analysis and an examination of multiple validity claims.     

集装箱船进出厦门港嵩屿港区的安全操作

2013年7月,马士基将首批交付的12艘1.8万TEU集装箱船投放到亚欧航线上。该种集装箱船是目前世界上最大的集装箱船,即3E集装箱船。3E分别代表规模经济（Economy of Scale）、能源效率（Energy Efficiency）和环境效益（Environmentally Improved）。该船型总长400m、宽59m,由于尺度限制3E集装箱船能停靠的港口很少,为更好地发挥经济效益,马士基公司正在全球港口选址布点,若港口不能靠泊这种巨轮,将有边缘化危机。厦门各涉海部门为3E集装箱船顺利靠泊厦门港做了大量的准备工作,该巨轮的成功靠泊将对提升厦门港竞争力、凸显厦门港国内外地位、推进东南国际航运中心建设具有重大意义。     

支线集装箱船舶前景广阔

对于集装箱船舶经营人来讲,运力超过8000标准箱的超大型集装箱船舶带来的最大好处是每一个航次的集装箱运量高,挂靠的港口次数减少,平均每一只集装箱的运输成本降幅大,从而确保,乃至提高集装箱船舶经营人的经济效益.听起来非常动人的这套理论容易诱惑人走进所谓"集装箱船舶造得越大,好处就越多"的极端,从而出现一个致命的薄弱点,型号通常小得多的支线集装箱船舶的设计和制造遭到不应有的疏忽,从而造成国际集装箱支线航运业的衰落,甚至有朝一日在有的支线上,由于小型集装箱船舶运力不足而出现中断的现象.     

集装箱码头操作系统建设

随着集装箱业务的发展,越来越多的投资者青睐集装箱码头,导致我国集装箱码头企业竞争进一步加剧。集装箱码头企业开始着手引进先进的集装箱码头操作系统以提高码头作业效率和服务质量,加强其竞争优势。如何选择既适合集装箱码头企业当前实际情况又能适应企业未来业务发展需要的码头操作系统至关重要。笔者通过多年来对不同集装箱码头企业的了解及实施集装箱码头操作系统的经验提出自己的看法。     

一种简单实用的拼箱货装箱优化方法

1 问题的提出 在集装箱货物运输中,为了船舶、货物和集装箱的安全,必须根据货物的性质、种类、容积、重量和形态选择合适的集装箱。为了节约海运费、多运货物,无论是托运人还是承运人都尽量使集装箱“满箱满载”。所谓“满箱满载”,是指充分利用集装箱的容积和额定载重。对于拼箱货,如果能使货物的平均密度与集装箱的单位容重接近,是可以做到“满箱满载”的,     

岸边集装箱起重机整机照明自动化改造

存在问题某集装箱码头的岸边集装箱起重机在日常工作中经常遇到以下问题:夜班作业时,岸边集装箱起重机的整机照明灯时亮时暗,司机无法在驾驶室控制岸边集装箱起重机的工作照明,大大影响作业进度。经过检修,发现岸边集装箱起重机的拖令电缆橡胶外皮老化、内部线芯折断或短路,导致驾驶室工作照明开关的线路控制失效。     

A reactive container rerouting model for container flow recovery in a hub-and-spoke liner shipping network

This paper focuses on the container rerouting due to a disruption, aims at making the optimal container flow recovery plan for the affected liner shipping company. First, we make the initial effort to bring up with a basic framework of disruption management for liner shipping. Second, we present a compact integer linear programming model for addressing the container rerouting problem under the proposed framework in a hub-and-spoke liner shipping network, based on a given recovery vessel schedule that determines to omit a port of call. Other shipping companies’ services and other modes (roadway, railway, and airline) as candidate alternative means to transport the miss-connected containers are also incorporated in the proposed model. The container flow recovery plan would select the optimal alternative paths for the miss-connected containers balancing the trade-off between container transport costs and delivery delay penalty costs. Finally, a case study from a global liner shipping company is investigated and the computational results indicate the model can be solved effectively and efficiently for the real-scale problem. Thus, the proposed approach in this paper can supply real-time decision support tool for the liner shipping operators on handling the process of container flow recovery.     

集装箱船市场兴旺何时结束

2003年,集装箱船市场一直都是造船与航运界关注的焦点.集装箱船市场出现了空前的兴旺,航运市场迅速复苏,集装箱海运量不断增长,运费费率持续快速上扬,新船订造市场异常活跃,成交量居高不下.至今,集装箱船市场的繁荣兴旺势头仍未有减弱的迹象.相反的是,集装箱船航运市场正处于快速增长的兴旺时期.但是,这种兴旺还能持续多久,市场发展的结局会是什么样呢?     

云模型在集装箱船舶货物运输风险评估中的应用

海上航运承担了各地绝大多数大宗商品运输,船舶运输集装箱时不可避免会遇到海风、风浪等突发情况,由于集装箱对运输船舶中心产生偏离,在大风大浪中的剧烈震荡会造成集装箱落入海上,严重时可造成翻船,因此集装箱货物运输的风险评估成为航行前的重要步骤。云模型是现在航运风险评估的主要架构,对影响集装箱运输的主要因素进行解析及综合分析。构建人员、船舶、管理、环境的集装箱运输风险评估云模型,对模型可行性进行分析。     

提高港口集装箱配载质量

港口集装箱配载一般指制作集装箱船舶积载计划图,目的是在满足船舶积载性能的前提下,使港口装卸效率最大化,运营成本最小化。配载质量直接关系到现场作业效率的高低。本文从5个方面讨论如何提高配载业务质量。     

影响大型集装箱船舶安全系泊的若干因素

船舶经过长途跋涉之后进入港湾，带上缆绳，在船员的概念中就是船舶安全抵达，并处于相对平静的状态。在外部条件没有重大变化的情况下，船员原先在航行中高度警惕的心理松弛下来，出现对外界条件一定程度的麻痹状态。但长期的航海实践证明：即使船舶已经系泊在码头上，仍然有各种外部和内部因素对船舶构成安全威胁。主要有以下几个方面：     

基于集装箱码头生产过程的成本控制方法

为加强集装箱码头生产过程的成本控制,以作业成本法为理论基础,提出集装箱码头生产过程成本控制模型,并针对集装箱码头成本控制面临的问题提出相应的措施和建议:强化劳动力计划管理,降低劳动力成本;全面实施"油改电",降低能源成本;提高设备作业效率和利用率,降低单箱成本;合理配置码头机械设备;通过非价格途径提高码头竞争力。     

遗传算法在集装箱码头综合调度中的应用

1 集装箱码头调度问题 扩大港口规模会增加港口的成本,降低投资回报率,也在一定程度上影响港口作业,因此一般情况下,港口通过对于港内资源的有效配置来提高港口生产效率,从而提高竞争力。     

巨无霸型集装箱船舶的建造风险

目前越来越多的远洋承远人订造单船运力超过10000TEU的巨无霸型集装箱船舶,船厂也在尽力满足船东要求建造巨无霸型集装箱船舶。也有许多远洋承运人考虑到风险没有参与。随着成本的上涨,远洋承运人必须三思而行以作出正确抉择。     

我国沿海内贸集装箱运输的最佳船型

针对我国沿海内贸集装箱运输市场的特点以及沿海内贸集装箱运输港、线、船、货的现状,充分考虑影响我国沿海内贸集装箱运输市场和船型选择的因素,建立沿海内贸集装箱运输最佳船型的选择模型,运用非线性规划的方法,以单箱最大利润为目标函数,求得最佳船型。以天津——广州（南沙）航线为例对模型进行验证,得出我国沿海内贸集装箱运输的最佳船型为载箱量6000TEU及船速22kn的结论。     

整体观念的集装箱运输预测模型

英国的MDSTransmodal咨询公司开发了以世界各国海关提供的信息为基础的预测模型,目的是为了更加准确地预测集装箱班轮运输业的运量增长。在集装箱海洋运输方面,目前所需要的并不是探究性的工作,而是综合的分析技术,以整合所有数据,使其能够产生有益的效果。MDSTransmodal解决了这个问题,并建立了1套自己的预测方法和航线预测模型。     

自动化集装箱码头港外集卡提送箱交互作业模式

针对自动化集装箱码头常规港外集卡提送箱交互作业模式无法很好适应广州港和钦州港两个新建自动化集装箱码头工程特点的问题,在充分剖析自动化集装箱码头现有港外集卡交互作业模式及技术特点的基础上,结合广州港和钦州港两个新建自动化集装箱码头的工程特点,分别提出“边装卸集中交互”和“边装卸U形通道交互” 两种新型港外集卡提送箱交互作业模式,并对工艺平面布置和流程设计要点进行详细阐述。结果表明,新型交互作业模式在提升各自集装箱自动化装卸系统运行效率和降低设备能耗方面都产生了积极效果,可为类似自动化集装箱码头的设计提供参考。     

Multicommodity network flow model for Asia's container ports

This paper seeks to develop a multi-commodity network model to analyse the flow of containers within the Asia Pacific context. The model is used to evaluate the impact of container throughput in Asia's port by varying terminal handling charges and turnaround time. The three main regions analysed are north-east Asia, east Asia (Chinese port region) and south east Asia. Using the model, it could be shown that Busan port, which is an important transhipment hub in north-east Asia, could boost the container activities in the north-eastern part of China by improving its service quality. It is also found that the efficiency of the land link between Hong Kong and mainland China plays a crucial role for the future of Hong Kong port. While Singapore port maintains its position as a transhipment hub in south-east Asia, there would be expected competition from neighbouring low costs ports.     

An equilibrium-based network model for international container flows

The liner shipping industry is a highly complex system and is extremely sensitive to rapid changes in the environment. To facilitate decision-making in response to endogenous and exogenous shocks, this research develops a strategic network model based on equilibrium principles to analyze the international marine liner shipping network according to port charge, congestion level at the port, and load factor of the ship and estimates the possible container flows under different scenarios in the long run. The distribution model of container flows is extended from Beckmann's transformation. To calibrate the parameters employed in the model so that it offers greater fidelity in predicting container flows, we devise a descent direction-based heuristic. The proposed framework is empirically applied to various scenarios to validate the model and predict the flow pattern after significant events. By identifying these events’ potential impact on the maritime network, the presented model can help relevant stakeholders reduce uncertainty when shaping maritime policies so that they can seize opportunities to increase their competitiveness and maintain their advantage in the maritime market.