Design and implementation of a visual monitoring system to ensure safety in the water surrounding a container vessel

Container vessels navigate among the world's ports, frequently passing through narrow and congested waters. Due to the many layers of containers on a container vessel's decks, it is difficult for the crew to be aware of all fishing vessels and other obstacles in a container vessel's radar observation blind zone. This greatly increases the risk of collisions and other accidents. Given such great challenges to safe navigation and safety management with container vessels, their security risks are severe. An effective visual monitoring system can improve the safety of the water area surrounding container vessel by eliminating a vessel's observation blind zone, providing an effective safety measure for vessels navigating fishing zones and other troublesome areas. The system has other functions, such as accident recording, ship security, and monitoring of loading and unloading operations, thus ensuring the ship operates safely. Six months' trial operation showed that the system facilitates safe navigation of container vessels.     

大型集装箱船大风浪时靠、离泊安全分析与探讨

大型集装箱船因为受风面积大,大风浪对大型集装箱船安全靠离泊带来极大的事故隐患和风险,需要认真加以防范.分别分析了风、浪、流等对大型集装箱船舶靠、离泊的影响.并结合引航实际,大型集装箱船靠泊、离泊时应注意的事项.     

多用途船集装箱装载工况直接计算分析

多用途船的货舱内装载集装箱的固定形式与普通集装箱船不同,船级社及船舶的设计、建造方对此类船舶结构强度的安全性和可靠性投入更多的关注。为此,参照中国船级社钢质海船入级规范的要求,研究提出了舱内载荷的模拟方法,以某多用途船舱段结构强度有限元计算分析为例,分析研究集装箱横向运动和垂向运动惯性力对船体结构强度的影响。为多用途船装载集装箱工况的结构设计提供准确的分析方法。     

Simulation-based severe weather-induced container terminal economic loss estimation

Container terminals play a critical role in maritime supply chains. However, they show vulnerabilities to severe weather events due to the sea–land interface locations. Previous severe weather risk analysis focused more on larger assessment units, such as regions and cities. Limited studies assessed severe weather risks on a smaller scale of seaports. This paper aims to propose a severe weather-induced container terminal loss estimation framework. Based on a container terminal operation simulation model, monthly average loss and single event-induced loss are obtained by using historical hazard records and terminal operation records as model inputs. By studying the Port of Shenzhen as the case study, we find that the fog events in March lead to the longest monthly port downtime and the highest monthly severe weather-induced economic losses in the studied port. The monthly average loss is estimated to be 30 million USD, accounting for 20% of the intact income. The worst-case scenario is found to be a red-signal typhoon attack which results in nearly 20% decrease in the month’s income. The results provide useful references for various container terminal stakeholders in severe weather risk management.     

An advanced risk analysis approach for container port safety evaluation

Risk analysis in seaports plays an increasingly important role in ensuring port operation reliability, maritime transportation safety and supply chain distribution resilience. However, the task is not straightforward given the challenges, including that port safety is affected by multiple factors related to design, installation, operation and maintenance and that traditional risk assessment methods such as quantitative risk analysis cannot sufficiently address uncertainty in failure data. This paper develops an advanced Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) approach through incorporating Fuzzy Rule-Based Bayesian Networks (FRBN) to evaluate the criticality of the hazardous events (HEs) in a container terminal. The rational use of the Degrees of Belief (DoB) in a fuzzy rule base (FRB) facilitates the implementation of the new method in Container Terminal Risk Evaluation (CTRE) in practice. Compared to conventional FMEA methods, the new approach integrates FRB and BN in a complementary manner, in which the former provides a realistic and flexible way to describe input failure information while the latter allows easy updating of risk estimation results and facilitates real-time safety evaluation and dynamic risk-based decision support in container terminals. The proposed approach can also be tailored for wider application in other engineering and management systems, especially when instant risk ranking is required by the stakeholders to measure, predict and improve their system safety and reliability performance.     

液化天然气罐式集装箱水路运输试验及分析

为了评估液化天然气罐式集装箱水路运输安全性,我国开展了首次液化天然气罐式集装箱水路运输试验。试验观测了液化天然气罐式集装箱的压力、液位等变化情况。通过对此次试验观测到的现象及试验数据进行综合分析后,认为:液化天然气罐式集装箱在水路运输过程中,罐内压力缓慢增长、处于安全范围以内(罐内压力小于0.74 MPa),罐体未出现损坏、腐蚀、变形等现象。同时为了有效控制运输风险,提出了保障液化天然气罐式集装箱水路运输安全的相应建议。     

Reliable container line supply chains

Container line supply chains, based on a near-frictionless international transport belief, have contributed to economic prosperity and also rendered themselves uniquely vulnerable to various risks. 9/11 terrorists attacks, the lock-out of American West Ports and the global breakout of SARS disease have gradually shown that a) the safety and reliability in the chains are facing an unprecedented challenge and b) traditional engineeringbased risk assessment methods are inadequate to deal with the threats from variational environments, especially in the era of terrorism rampancy. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to develop a conceptual risk assessment model for container line supply chains based on a modified Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) methodology that takes risks from vulnerability rather than only hazards into account. It gives particular emphasis on the analysis of the threats with a high level of uncertainty from both safety and economic viewpoints. The advantages of the vulnerability-based risk analysis approach to the hazard-based one are clarified and both engineering-based and managerial risk assessments are also discussed.     

超大型集装箱船多工况点的最佳方形系数范围探索

近年来,世界对超大型集装箱船多工况点兼顾的优化设计越来越重视。文中采用传统经验公式、运用CFD手段,结合实际营运工况曲线对超大型集装箱船线型进行多工况点阻力性能计算,引入每箱每海里油耗指数J,定量评估、探索最佳CB范围,最终提出具有参考价值和推广意义的多工况技术指标拆解方法和分析流程。     

多用途船舱内集装箱系固方式选型研究

国内航行的多用途船的船舱内载运集装箱时,因船舱空间尺度、装载集装箱的尺度及箱内货种的特征,选用可靠的系固方式是保障船舶和货物安全的前提。尽管横向拉压支撑的系固方式应用广泛,但由于系固活动件数量多、质量大且系固过程费工费时,不适应国内多用途船装运的集装箱运程短,且又要保证装卸效率。经过多种集装箱系固方式的适用性及相应的技术指标深入对比分析,结合各种运输工况,提出了5种系固方案选型并结合实例分析。系固方式的选型过程可供相关船舶运输及设计部门参考。     

浅谈超大型集装箱船舶在港内的操纵

集装箱船的大型化,对驾引人员提出更高的安全要求和挑战。阐述了超大型集装箱船的操纵特点,分析了风和流对超大型集装箱船的影响。详细介绍了超大型集装箱船在港内的靠、离泊操作,尤其是急流和大风浪时的靠、离泊作业和操作体会。     

区域定量分析方法在危险货物集装箱堆场安全评估中的应用

介绍区域定量风险评价法的基本原理,并在某危险货物集装箱堆场安全评估中实际应用。首先对某危险货物集装箱堆场重大危险源等级进行判定,并运用CASST-QRA软件对危险品堆场事故后果进行模拟,并绘制该堆场的个人风险等值线分布图和社会风险图,最后根据判定标准确定该危险货物集装箱堆场风险为可接受。结果表明区域定量风险评价法为危险货物集装箱堆场安全评估提供评价依据,为全面了解港区风险和港区科学规划提供理论依据。     

浅谈集装箱班轮重大件装卸作业的海事监管

随着越来越多的集装箱班轮载运重大件货物，集装箱班轮海上运输和港口码头作业大件的风险都在不断加大，对海事部门提出了新的监管要求。文中通过对重大件作业的行政审批许可、通航安全管理、重大件配载和绑扎管理、应急管理进行梳理，总结出基本的重大件货物装卸作业监管方案，一定程度上提高海事监管效能。     

集装箱班轮到港规律的耦合性特征及其应用研究

指出了集装箱班轮运行方式下船舶到港规律具有耦合性特征,建立了耦合度表达式和相应的爱尔朗分布族模型。通过对大连港集装箱码头连续3年1.56万个班轮到港记录的统计分析,证明了同一航线同一公司编组船队内部各船舶之间在到港规律上具有很强的耦合性。     

集装箱船舶的船长应充分注意船舶稳性

本文针对集装箱船舶的驾驶人员在生产实践中就船舶稳性方面可能出现的问题进行了探讨,提出了解决的办法,提请集装箱船舶的船长们注意,以利船员和船舶的安全     

A trial application of FSA methodology to the hatchway watertight integrity of bulk carriers

Formal safety assessment (FSA) is a formal, structured and systematic methodology, aimed at enhancing maritime safety, including protection of life, property and marine environment, by using risk and cost–benefit assessments. For the application of this methodology to the rule-making process, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) presented the Interim Guidelines, which describe procedures of FSA and inputs/outputs of each procedure in detail. This paper basically deals with an application of FSA methodology according to the IMO's Interim Guidelines to the hatchway watertight integrity of bulk carriers, which was carried out as a cooperative research between Korean Register of Shipping and Seoul National University. As results of this application study, 18 hazards are identified and 32 risk control measures are devised to reduce the associated risks. Potential risks, costs and benefits when some Risk Control Options are introduced are evaluated in monetary unit of US $. Finally, some discussions and recommendations based on experiences are also given for both future work and better application of this FSA methodology to the rule-making process.     

集装箱船的振动与响应评估

按振动分布范围的不同,对集装箱船的振动与响应分析方法进行了分类,讨论了频率储备、激振力、阻尼、附连水质量、振动衡准等问题。并以一艘2750TEU集装箱船为例,进行了整船和局部结构的振动评估,最后对集装箱船的动态设计方法进行了归纳。     

超巴拿马型岸桥的发展趋势

集装箱运输船大型化、高速化发展方兴未艾,装载量为9 600 TEU 和10 000 TEU 的超巴拿马型巨轮 已相继出现。如何迎接这些巨轮的到来成为港口码头和集装箱起重机制造商共同的课题。本文主要通过 ZPMC 2005年面向全球供货的188台(占世界市场50%的份额)大型岸桥的各种参数统计,分析岸桥的发展趋势。     

船用低压空气瓶圆筒强度计算及验收试验探讨

船用焊接低压空气瓶(以下简称船用空气瓶)是船舶常见压力容器,用于柴油机起动、气笛雾笛鸣放、气动仪表和阀件的操作等,工作压力均不大于3 MPa[1],为防止气瓶爆破,保障船舶安全营运,探讨船用空气瓶圆筒强度计算及验收试验,对船用压力容器制造厂认可、图纸审批、产品制造检验工作的借鉴和使用。     

施工期天鲸号适应能力分析

天鲸号绞吸式挖泥船在海上进行疏浚作业时,波浪要素需要满足一定条件,才能保证安全施工。为了确定防波堤修建后掩护区的波浪条件是否满足天鲸号的施工要求,采用数学模型计算了某集装箱码头工程在不同节点时防波堤掩护区的波浪条件,对天鲸号挖泥船适应能力进行分析,并给出如果不满足施工要求时防波堤需延伸的长度。结果表明:波浪数值模拟技术可以很好地为挖泥船海上安全作业提供可靠的依据,避免风险。     

怎样规避集装箱码头的投资风险

陈述了我国沿海港口集装箱码头的情况,从集装箱码头和集装箱的过快发展以及竞争激烈等多方面分析了集装箱码头的投资风险。最后提出了规避集装箱码头投资风险的多项措施。