AdBlue使用的几点建议

对于通过采用SCR催化剂达到欧IV／V排放标准的卡车，Adlue也是一种必用物质。AdBlue与燃油一样在车辆平稳行驶方面起着必不可少的作用。但是如果用户对AdBlue处理不当也会让自己损失严重。AdBlue生产商认为，如果AdBlue的处理与储存不当，或者运营商使用了不合格的AdBlue，运营商的SCR系统都会意外遭受严重损坏。     

细胞成像

长期以来，分子成像技术一直作为一种工具，用于药物作用靶点的探索过程中，通常是用在固定组织或者细胞样本的分析中，可见光显微镜，可以在亚微米等级上获得高度专一性的活细胞和固定细胞的无损三维图像，因此实验室中通常采用可见光显微镜来研究靶点在细胞表型中的作用。     

药品研发中的结晶新工艺

高通量筛选技术是一种能迅速加快药物研究与开发步伐的自动化科学实验法。它允许研究人员同时操作多个实验，采用现代自动化机器技术即实验室机器人技术，现在，仅用一天时间便篚够完成对十万多种不同药物的筛选。高通量药物筛选技术最初应用于药物研发领域，是通过观察药物与小分子化合物靶点的相互作用关系认识病理学机制。     

2018款奥迪A8(D5)新技术剖析(七)

正9.相互作用安全气囊这款奥迪A8(车型4N)可以选装前部或者后部的相互作用安全气囊。在发生侧面碰撞时,相互作用安全气囊可以保护并排而坐的两个乘员,防止乘员相互撞击,如图51所示。(1)结构相互作用安全气囊是一种烟火式混合气体发生器,而"普通的"侧     

打开高速筛选的希望之门

高通量筛选、分子文库以及检测多样性为发现新药提供了新契机 高通量筛选可使研究人员快速实施成百万次的生物化学、遗传学或者药理学检测。利用机器人、液相操作设施、质控软件、数据处理以及敏感探测器,研究人员可迅速发现能调节某种特定生物分子途径、特质或者疾病的活性化合物、抗体或者基因。这些试验结果为很多新研究方法提供了起点,包括药物设计和发现、检测可能存在的有害化学制品、以及用于理解生物学和医学过程中特定生化过程的相互作用或者作用。     

城市，可以不程式

有时他会开着指南者去路边喝上一杯咖啡，或者去找一个人不多的地方坐上一下午，这显然是最符合广州的生活方式。作为一款偏向城市使用的SUV车型，指南者在城市中的使用性能已无需赘言。     

“险”中求胜之基础篇——初步了解汽车保险

汽车作为一种危险的交通工具，在使用的过程中，随时可能因为各种各样的原因而发生大小不同的事故。不管是因为驾驶员操作不当或违章，还是汽车本身的机械问题。又或者是其它的人和事的原因，只要出了事，就会有经济损失。所以整个由汽车构成的交通系统存在着相当大的经济风险。而保险公司就是专门来承担这种风险并以此收取客户保险金来进行投资的半金融机构。     

手性化学

近年来，药品市场上手性纯的药物和单一光学异构体的药物急剧增加。手性化合物存在两种不同的构型，称作立体异构体或者对应异构体。手性物质的两种异构体呈镜像对称结构，就像人的左手和右手一样。两种对应异构体的几乎所有的物理性质都相同，包括熔点／沸点和旋光分析的结果等。二者唯一的区别在于：它们使平面偏振光发生旋转的方向不同，平面偏振光是一种单向光源。     

高压管磁粉探伤

1 概述高压管是一种20#钢材质的能承受高温高压的工业管道,一些危害性的裂纹等缺陷的存在会使高压管在使用过程中产生严重危害,造成管道爆炸、气体泄漏等重大事故,为此使用高压管之前,对它进行母材的磁粉探伤显得尤为重要,在高压管原材料验收合格后方可使用。2 基本概念和特点磁粉探伤是利用缺陷处漏磁场与磁粉相互作用的原理,检测铁磁性表面及近表面缺陷的一种无检测方法。其基本原理是:当工件被磁化时,若在工作表面或近表面存在裂纹、冷隔等缺陷,便会在该处形成——漏磁     

画一串完美的S蛇形绕桩技巧

蛇形绕桩，顾名思义，就是汽车的运动路线，围绕一排路桩，像蛇一样画出连续的S形。这是一种测验汽车极限性能的方法，一般路上使用比较少，但是如果熟练操作，会对提高驾驶技巧起到不小的作用。[编者按]     

优化可成像的生物标记物

开发新药的工作正变得比以前更负挑战性。尽管用于研究和开发的花费在不断增长，但是目前上报申请法规批准的新药数量实际上正在减少。形成这种趋势的一个重要因素是用于高效评价药效和药物安全性的应用科学没有跟上药物研发的发展脚步。     

医药技术

生物科学现在对制药业比以前任何时候都更重要。最初在自然界中发现的生物发光现象可以用于细胞药靶精确成像，并且也是一种极具竞争性的药物研发工具。肺癌是世界上死亡率最高的疾病之一，研究者一直努力寻找比化疗更敏感的治疗方法。对蛋白质特性更深入的研究正将可以提高疗效和预防副作用的靶向疗法推向市场。     

控制药物释放

从包埋聚合物网络和淀粉涂层到纳米技术系统，开发血液给药控制方法在药物探索过程中占据首位，成为欧洲最广泛采用的医药科学。2005年6月，法国一个新的欧洲科学药物研究展览会——Pharmsci Fair上，超过65％的演讲部围绕新型给药机制进行，与药物探索有关的演讲不足50％。     

An analysis of alcohol and drug intake in forensic autopsy cases of traffic fatalities

The numbers of traffic accidents and its associated mortalities are decreasing every year in Japan. However, there continue to be cases of deaths and injuries caused by malicious driving including drunk driving. The forensic autopsy of traffic accident victims is important to determine the cause of death as well as the responsibility of traffic accidents. In this study, we investigated the cases of forensic autopsies related to traffic accidents, reported between 2013 and 2017, at the Department of Legal Medicine of Tokyo Women's Medical University. In this period, 22 autopsies were performed for traffic accidents; however, only 6 of them were associated with alcohol consumption. Most traffic accidents occurred during the night, and in one case, the victim was found lying on the road. Furthermore, there were 4 cases in which drugs in the blood or urine of the victim were detected; however, the actual relationship with the cause of death and traffic accident was not identified. It was also found necessary to take measures against pedestrian drinking. Moreover, only a few drugs led to a decrease in driving ability, highlighting the necessity of further data is necessary to provide insights into the type of drug consumed and the cause of accident.     

多形体筛查

开发一种药物并将其推入市场并不是一件容易的事情，尤其是我们当前所处的环境是在西方的生产标准之下。法律环境和公众意念都对制造业有了很强烈的要求。很少有其它的行业，在被要求快速无误工作的同时，还要面对如此详细的审查和规章制度。那些因操作程序或设计不精确导致后期药物研发终止或临床试验冗余的公司，面临着艰巨的增加上市产品、树立和维持投资者信心的挑战。     

微型实验室

对制药公司来说，重组细胞药物靶点的表达和纯化是一项很有挑战性的任务。由于此药物涉及范围广及其高流通量，焦点通常集中在核心设备上。为了筛选靶点，需要大量的高纯度蛋白质，以便在药物发现期间，可进行功能分析或者利用结晶学进行结构研究。与生物制药学一样，蛋白质变得越来越重要，对其需求也越来越多。     

Factors associated with crashes due to overcorrection or oversteering of vehicles

The objective of this research is to identify factors associated with crashes due to overcorrection or oversteering of vehicles. Crash data was collected from 2011 to 2013 for the State of North Carolina in the United States. Logistic regression modeling was used to analyze crash data because of the dichotomous nature of the dependent variable (overcorrection or oversteering). The crash involvement due to overcorrection or oversteering of a vehicle decreased as the age of the driver increased. Drivers are 2.22 times more likely to overcorrect or oversteer when ill, 3.44 times more likely to overcorrect or oversteer when under fatigue, and 1.61 times more likely to overcorrect or oversteer when fallen asleep compared to normal physical conditions. Overall, driver characteristics and speed limit tend to play a major role in overcorrection or oversteering of vehicles. Programs to reduce impaired driving might help in the reduction of overcorrection or oversteering related crash fatalities or injuries. Additionally, training and driver education programs focusing on identified factors associated with crashes due to overcorrection or oversteering of vehicles will benefit drivers on how to respond during emergency or panic situations.     

Novel coordinated algorithm for Traction Control System on split friction and slope road

A Traction Control System (TCS) is used to avoid excessive wheel-slip via adjusting active brake pressure and engine torque when vehicle starts fiercely. The split friction and slope of the road are complicated conditions for TCS. Once operated under these conditions, the traction control performance of the vehicle might be deteriorated and the vehicle might lack drive capability or lose lateral stability, if the regulated active brake pressure and engine torque can’t match up promptly and effectively. In order to solve this problem, a novel coordinated algorithm for TCS is brought forward. Firstly, two brake controllers, including a basic controller based on the friction difference between the two drive wheels for compensating this difference and a fuzzy logic controller for assisting the engine torque controller to adjust wheel-slip, are presented for brake control together. And then two engine torque controllers, containing a basic PID controller for wheel-slip control and a fuzzy logic controller for compensating torque needed by the road slope, are built for engine torque control together. Due to the simultaneous and accurate coordination of the two regulated variables the controlled vehicle can start smoothly. The vehicle test and simulation results on various road conditions have testified that the proposed method is effective and robust.     

Car drivers' road safety performance: A benchmark across 32 countries

The road safety performance of a country and the success of policy measures can be measured and monitored in different ways. In addition to the traditional road safety indicators based on the number of fatalities or injured people in road traffic crashes, complementary road safety performance indicators can be used in relation to vehicles, infrastructure, or road users' behaviour. The last-mentioned can be based on data from roadside surveys or from questionnaire surveys. However, results of such surveys are seldom comparable across countries due to differences in aims, scope, or methodology.This paper is based on the second edition of the E-Survey of Road Users' Attitudes (ESRA), an online survey carried out in 2018, and includes data from more than 35,000 road users across 32 countries. The objective is to present the main results of the ESRA survey regarding the four most important risky driving behaviours in traffic: driving under the influence (alcohol/drugs), speeding, mobile phone use while driving, and fatigued driving. The paper explores several aspects related to these behaviours as car driver, such as the self-declared behaviours, acceptability and risk perception, support for policy measures, and opinions on traffic rules and penalties.Results show that despite the high perception of risk and low acceptability of all the risky driving behaviours analysed, there is still a high percentage of car drivers who engage in risky behaviours in traffic in all the regions analysed. Speeding and the use of a mobile phone while driving were the most frequent self-declared behaviours. On the other hand, driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs was the least declared behaviour. Most respondents support policy measures to restrict risky behaviour in traffic and believe that traffic rules are not being checked regularly enough, and should be stricter.The ESRA survey proved to be a valuable source of information to understand the causes underlying road traffic crashes. It offers a unique database and provides policy makers and researchers with valuable insights into public perception of road safety.