用于CPT原子频标的高性能小型合成源设计

根据相干布居囚禁原子频标对合成源的要求,利用直接数字频率合成器激励锁相环实现了高稳定度、高分辨率、快跳频速度、低相位噪声、小体积的小步长扫描合成源。比较应用于相干布居囚禁原子频标的合成源方案,介绍直接数字频率合成器激励锁相环频率合成器的基本原理,简述用AD9954和ADF4350所设计高性能小型合成源的具体实现方法,并通过仿真优化得到最佳的输出性能。采用DDS与PLL相结合的混合结构设计的合成源,综合了DDS和PLL各自的优点,具有优良的技术性能,进一步提高了CPT原子频标标准输出频率的性能。同时,达到了设计小型化的要求,有利于CPT原子频标的便携式应用。     

某船用中速柴油机NOx排放特性分析

对一船用中速柴油机进行了NOx排放试验,得出并分析了其用作船舶主机时,在持续运行区域内随运行工况变化的NOx排放特性.柴油机NOx排放水平与其运行工况密切相关.对于按推进特性运行的船舶主机,排放法规有必要针对NOx排放实船测试特点,规定合适的标准测试工况,并在台架试验的基础上对因测试工况偏差而引起的NOx排放误差进行修正.     

Multigrid state vector for data assimilation in a two-way nested model of the Ligurian Sea

A system of two nested models composed by a coarse resolution model of the Mediterranean Sea, an intermediate resolution model of the Provençal Basin and a high resolution model of the Ligurian Sea is coupled with a Kalman-filter based assimilation method. The state vector for the data assimilation is composed by the temperature, salinity and elevation of the three models. The forecast error is estimated by an ensemble run of 200 members by perturbing initial condition and atmospheric forcings. The 50 dominant empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) are taken as the error covariance of the model forecast. This error covariance is assumed to be constant in time. Sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height (SSH) are assimilated in this system.     

支承技术在扭矩标准装置中的应用

从扭矩标准装置的基本结构和工作原理出发,介绍了支承在扭矩标准装置中的重要作用。通过对目前高精度扭矩标准装置常用支承技术即刀口支承、气体支承的应用现状及特点比较,提出了一种新的支承技术,即挠性支承。挠性支承与刀口支承相比,具有无摩擦、扭转中心稳定、高灵敏度的特点。与气体支承相比,结构简单、低成本,如果合理设计可以达到较高的承载力。因而把挠性支承应用于扭矩标准装置作为杠杆力臂的支撑、旋转部件具有更好的应用前景。可满足船舶行业对扭矩标准装置高承载、高灵敏度的需求,应用于航空、航天系统可满足其对扭矩校准小量程、高分辨力的要求。     

International cooperation in Maritime casualty Investigations: an analysis of IMO RESOLUTION A.637 (1 6)

On 19 October 1989, the International Maritime Organization adopted a joint uslliberian resolution meant to advance international cooperation in maritime casualty investigations. This resolution reflected an international determination to achieve greater cooperation between different states in investigative matters, in a manner consistent with international law. This paper examines how the IMO resolution addresses some of the inherent problems in such a multi-national industry. It also examines the question of whether us lawmakers may, or should, impose stricter controls and restrictions unilaterally on foreign-flag ships which call on us ports.     

International cooperation in Maritime casualty Investigations: an analysis of IMO RESOLUTION A.637 (1 6)

On 19 October 1989, the International Maritime Organization adopted a joint uslliberian resolution meant to advance international cooperation in maritime casualty investigations. This resolution reflected an international determination to achieve greater cooperation between different states in investigative matters, in a manner consistent with international law. This paper examines how the IMO resolution addresses some of the inherent problems in such a multi-national industry. It also examines the question of whether us lawmakers may, or should, impose stricter controls and restrictions unilaterally on foreign-flag ships which call on us ports.     

基于STFT与WVD的LPI雷达信号检测

魏格纳分布（WVD）因具有高分辨率、能量集中性和时频边缘特性而成为时频分析的有力工具,然而当处理多分量信号时不可避免的存在交叉项的干扰,因而阻碍了WVD的应用.短时傅里叶变换（STFT）不存在交叉项,但时频分辨力较差.为此本文提出了基于STFT与WVD联合的低截获概率（LPI）雷达信号检测算法,该算法在保证优良时频聚集性和分辨力的同时可以处理多分量信号.仿真实验表明该算法能有效抑制交叉项的干扰,并且在低信噪比条件下可以对LPI雷达信号进行检测.     

快速整周模糊度求解技术在高精度GPS定位和导航中的应用

给出了GPS卫星测量模型，分析误差源，并推导出差分值，以便提高GPS的精度。求解GPS载波相位整周模糊度是高精度定位和导航的关键。计算效率至关重要，因为它直接影响求解模糊度的时间，而且还影响模糊度求解过程的可靠性。分析了搜索空间中的独立变量，并推导出新的传递矩阵。该矩阵将所有的测量残差直接和最小求解搜索空间相关联。该技术不仅可以改善计算效率以及缩短模糊度求解时间，还能提高可靠性。通过仅选择那些与卫星几何尺寸和测量残差一致的模糊度的组合，搜索空间被最小化，应用于高精度定位和导航。     

Errors in dynamical fields inferred from oceanographic cruise data: Part I. The impact of observation errors and the sampling distribution

Diagnostic studies of ocean dynamics based on the analysis of oceanographic cruise data are usually quite sensitive to observation errors, to the station distribution and to the synopticity of the sampling. Here we present an error analysis of the first two sources. The third one is evaluated in Part II of this work (J. Mar. Sys. (2005), this issue). For observed variables and those linearly related to them, we use the Optimal Statistical Interpolation (OI) formulation. For variables which are not linearly related to observed variables (e.g., the vertical velocity), we carry out numerical experiments in a consistent way with OI statistics. Best results are obtained when some kind of scale selection or spatial filtering is applied in order to suppress small scales that cannot be properly resolved by the station distribution.The formulation is first applied to a high resolution (SeaSoar) sampling aimed to the recovery of mesoscale features in a region of large spatial variability (noise-to-signal fraction of the order of 0.002). Fractional errors (rms error divided by the standard deviation of the field) are estimated in about 2% for dynamic height and between 4% and 20% for geostrophic vorticity and vertical velocity. For observed variables, observation errors and sampling limitations are shown to contribute in similar amounts to total errors. For derived variables, sampling errors are by far the dominant contribution. For less dense samplings (e.g., equally spaced CTD stations), fractional errors are about 6% for dynamic height and between 15% and 30% for geostrophic vorticity and vertical velocity. For this sampling strategy, errors of all variables are mostly associated with sampling limitations.     

基于FFT-FS频谱细化技术的船模耐波性试验测量信号分析方法研究

针对FFT频率分辨率受限制且精度不高的缺点以及船模对波浪的运动响应频率是低频且窄带的特点,采用FFT-FS方法对测量的运动响应信号在其对应的窄带频段内进行频谱细化获得更细致准确的信号频域特征;通过对该算法的运算量及分析精度的研究表明该算法是一种运算效率高、分析精度高且受信号本身信噪比影响小的频域分析方法;通过对船模运动响应的仿真信号和实测信号的分析表明该算法确实能有效地用于船模耐波性试验测量数据的定量分析。     

Satellite remote sensing of the Polar Oceans

The advent of satellite remote sensing has opened doors for detailed monitoring of the polar regions at a relatively high temporal resolution. Several sensors have been developed over the years, the most noteworthy of which are the visible, the infrared and the microwave systems. The visible and infrared systems are most intelligible to the human eye and provide images that have good spatial resolution. However, because of persistent cloudiness and several months of darkness in the polar regions the most promising sensors appear to be the microwave systems, both passive and active. The passive microwave sensors have been the source of consistently derived ice cover and ice extent data and have provided about fifteen years of global data sets. The Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), on the other hand, is noted for very high resolution and a wide range of applications including ice dynamics and ice/wave interaction studies. Nevertheless, there are applications which require the use of the visible and infrared channels, such as the mapping of chlorophyll pigment concentrations in the marginal ice zones which require an ocean color scanner. Also, the infrared sensors are most effective for detecting physical temperatures over cloud-free ice and open water surfaces. Furthermore, altimeters could play an important role in mapping ice surface topography and in evaluating ridge and lead statistics. A review of past, present and future satellite systems, methods and techniques of interpretation and potential applications to the study of the polar oceans is presented.     

Modelling the hydrodynamics and ecosystem of the North-West European continental shelf for operational oceanography

This paper outlines an approach to complex spatio-temporal marine ecosystem modelling as applied to the North Western European Continental Shelf. The model presented here combines an eddy-permitting (approximately 6 km horizontal resolution) baroclinic model, the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory Coastal Ocean Modelling System (POLCOMS), with the European Regional Seas Ecosystem Model (ERSEM). This has been run within an operational framework using operationally available high resolution atmospheric and lateral boundary forcing, allowing hindcast and near-real time nowcast simulations to be performed. The modelled surface temperature and chlorophyll distributions are presented, and interannual variations discussed. Validation of both the physical and ecosystem submodels show the system to be effective, whilst highlighting areas where improvements in the system can be made. Distinct regional differences in predictive skill are shown. The system presented is ready for operational implementation to provide products and services for use both scientifically and in coastal zone and shelf seas management activities. A programme of work to update the system is already in place.     

Influence of horizontal model grid resolution on the simulated primary production in an embedded primary production model in the Norwegian Sea

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of horizontal grid resolution in a physical model on an embedded primary production model. The area for the experiment was along the west coast of Norway, from 60° N to 70° N, an area of high mesoscale activity. The HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model was coupled with the NORWegian ECOlogical Model system, and run in a nested system, consisting of three model grids with horizontal resolution of 50 km, 16 km and 4.5 km (hereafter: COARSE, MEDIUM and FINE) in the focus area. Two main results were obtained, first, the composition of the phytoplankton functional groups changed with increasing model grid resolution. In FINE, the diatoms produced a larger part (60%) of the total annual primary production than the flagellates, whereas in COARSE and MEDIUM, the primary production from the two phytoplankton groups was the same. This was explained by a higher transport of silicate into the euphotic layer in FINE compared to the other two. Second, the differences in the primary production first became large when the resolution of the model grid reached the Rossby radius of deformation. Whereas the total net primary production in MEDIUM only was 5% larger than in COARSE, the total net primary production in FINE was 20% higher than in COARSE. This was explained by the models ability to resolve mesoscale activity.     

70000t散货船实船操纵性试验

本文简单介绍了国际海事组织有关“船舶操纵性暂行标准”的决议,并用７００００ｔ散货船的实验试航结果和仿真计算结果与之进行了比较。     

鱼雷拖曳线列阵及其目标方位跟踪算法研究

使用拖曳线列阵可以有效提高自导鱼雷远程搜索目标的能力,而能否精确跟踪目标方位将直接影响到鱼雷的实战效果。本文首先研究了一种鱼雷用拖曳线列阵自导系统的组成原理及实现方法,然后研究了一种子空间跟踪算法,并在此基础上提出了一种自适应Root-MUSIC算法,该算法可用于对时变的信号波达方向进行实时跟踪估计。仿真计算结果验证了该算法具有很好的跟踪效果。     

交互式电子技术手册标准和平台对比分析

交互式电子技术手册（IETM）目前已经成为装备信息保障的一项重要内容,论文在对IETM的主要技术标准进行描述的基础上,从数据模型、应用领域、管理过程和交互能力四个方面对美军标和欧标两种标准体系进行了对比分析,并对两个标准体系的开发平台进行对比,深入分析了IETM标准的发展和现状比较,给出了相应的建议。     

水下目标的激光声探测技术

高能脉冲激光聚焦于液体中,光击穿会伴随着光、声和空泡脉动等现象,其中击穿时等离子体膨胀产生的声和随后的空泡脉动产生的声统称为激光声。对产生的激光声信号进行分析,论证激光声信号应用于水下探测的可行性。设计激光声产生和测量分析系统,计算激光声信号的波束指向性、距离分辨力、噪声背景下和混响背景下的探测距离。结果表明,激光声声源在距离分辨力和声源级两方面满足对水下目标探测的要求。从理论推导和计算上初步证明了激光声信号可以应用于水下探测领域。     

相干信号空间谱估计测向仿真研究

空间谱测向技术是一项先进的阵列信号处理技术.普通空间谱MUSIC算法对相干信号波达角估计测向分辨率比较差,推导了基于空间平滑算法和基于频率平滑的算法并进行了仿真.通过仿真对这2种算法与不经平滑计算出的波达角进行了比较分析,结果空间平滑算法对窄带内相干信号分辨率比较理想,而频率平滑算法对宽频带内相干信号的分辨率比较理想.     

三轴磁传感器性能标定方法研究

三轴磁传感器被广泛应用于空间磁场测量。利用高精度磁环驱动器、16位A/D、D/A数据卡和格拉斯磁环构建了三轴磁传感器的灵敏度和分辨率标定系统。依据当地地磁场垂直分量为35uT的特性得出了传感器3.52V/Gass的灵敏度。建立闭环测试系统的基础上,通过对采集到信号进行滤波去噪和功率谱分析,对比分析得到传感器的分辨率是6nT。