非规范码头检测评估内容探讨

非规范码头因为其结构特点,检测评估的内容和方法与常规码头有所不同。文章根据码头结构受力相似原则提出非规范码头结构整体相似原型的处理方法,并以防城港某码头为例,对其检测评估过程中遇到的问题进行探讨,为此类码头的检测评估研究提供参考。     

千吨级码头布置设计及其合理性分析探讨

本文结合祁东港归阳千吨级码头设计实例,提出该类码头平面布置方案,从码头设计的规范性以及适应性角度出发分析码头设计的合理性,为同类型码头设计提供参考实例。     

码头项目环境风险评价的探讨

以码头营运时船舶燃油泄漏存在的环境风险为例,从码头风险事故识别、源项分析以及风险管理,应急预案等方面对拟建的码头进行风险评价,通过采用溢油扩散、漂移模型对该码头船舶发生漏油风险事故时对水质进行影响分析,为码头选址的环境可行性论证提供技术依据。     

渤海新城 北方门户

天津港拥有集装箱码头、铁矿石码头、煤炭码头、石油化工品码头、滚装码头、散粮码头、国际客运码头等各类专业化码头。     

渤海新域 北方门户

天津港拥有集装箱码头、铁矿石码头、煤炭码头、石油化工品码头、滚装码头、散粮码头、国际客运码头等各类专业化码头。     

天津港（集团）有限公司

天津港拥有集装箱码头、铁矿石码头、煤炭码头、石油化工品码头、滚装码头、散粮码头、国际客运码头等各类专业化码头。     

天津港（集团）有限公司

天津港拥有集装箱码头、铁矿石码头、煤炭码头、石油化工品码头、滚装码头、散粮码头、国际客运码头等各类专业化码头。     

渤海新城 北方门户

天津港拥有集装箱码头、铁矿石码头、煤炭码头、石油化工品码头、滚装码头、散粮码头、国际客运码头等各类专业化码头。     

天津港（集团）有限公司

天津港拥有集装箱码头、铁矿石码头、煤炭码头、石油化工品码头、滚装码头、散粮码头、国际客运码头等各类专业化码头。     

渤海新城 北方门户——天津港（集团）有限公司

天津港拥有集装箱码头、铁矿石码头、煤炭码头、石油化工品码头、滚装码头、散粮码头、国际客运码头等各类专业化码头。     

钦州30万吨级石油码头装卸工艺设计探讨

装卸工艺的合理布局是码头能安全生产、高效有序发挥作用的关键。文章介绍了广西北部湾港钦州30万吨级石油码头的油品性质、设计参数与装卸工艺流程,并基于对该码头泊位设计通过能力的计算分析,提出了码头装卸工艺布置方案,同时阐述了方案设计的重点和难点。     

港口扩建总平面布置与规划探讨

结合栾家口港区2×5万吨级散杂货泊位设计,介绍了靠山临海老港区在狭窄陆域和已有航道条件下总平面布置的特点,提出了设计中注意结合原港区的功能分区进行平面布置,码头轴线的确定和进港航道的选取等问题。同时针对港口总体规划,在引堤宽度、陆域面积、航道规划方面提出了建议。     

Berth assignment planning for multi‐line bus stops

In this paper, we study an important problem that arises with the fast development of public transportation systems: when a large number of bus lines share the same bus stop, a long queue of buses often forms when they wait to get into the stop in rush hours. This causes a significant increase of bus delay and a notable drop of traffic capacity near the bus stop. Various measures had been proposed to relieve the congestions near bus stops. However, all of them require considerable financial budgets and construction time costs. In this paper, with the concept of berth assignment redesign, a simulation‐based heuristic algorithm is proposed to make full use of exiting bus berths. In this study, a trustable simulation platform is designed, and the major influencing factors for bus stop operations are considered. The concept of risk control is also introduced to better evaluate the performance of different berth arrangement plans and makes an appropriate trade‐off between the system's efficiency and stability. Finally, a heuristic algorithm is proposed to find a sub‐optimal berth assignment plan. Tests on a typical bus stop show that this algorithm is efficient and fast. The sub‐optimal berth assignment plan obtained by this algorithm could make remarkable improvements to an actual bus stop. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Ship emissions and their externalities in cruise ports

This paper presents an estimation and analysis of ship exhaust emissions and their externalities in the popular cruise destinations of Dubrovnik (Croatia) and Kotor (Montenegro) along the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. To this extent, the recent record (2012–2014) of cruise ships calling at these ports is used to model and estimate the ship exhaust emission inventories and externalities within the associated bays and ports.The results indicate that cruise ship traffic produces continuously increasing air pollution in both ports over recent years. More importantly, however, the analysis of the ship operating characteristics reveals that for any given ship traffic involving specific vessels using marine fuel of a given quality, the presence of other factors (e.g. berth availability, berth accessibility etc) can also influence the ship emission levels. This is particularly evident in the case of the port of Kotor where berth space insufficiency dictates the need for ship anchorage thus leading to increased air pollution and costs of associated damage.The application and results of the aforementioned ship activity-based methodology to the ports of Dubrovnik and Kotor improves our understanding of ship emissions in cruise bays and ports, and contributes toward the implementation of port policies for the effective control of air quality in such environmentally sensitive locations.     

Green approaches at sea – The benefits of adjusting speed instead of anchoring

In this paper, the concept ‘green approaches’ already used in aviation is applied to cargo transportation at sea. Instead of anchoring outside a port waiting for berth, ships can adjust their speed to arrive just in time for berthing. With improved incentives for reducing speed and shared information about berthing times, green approaches instead of anchoring can be a way to reduce fuel consumption and emissions without increasing the transit times of goods. The present study estimates the benefits to society as a whole for the EU ports in the Baltic Sea with Automatic Identification System data applying a new method using data collected in real time. Data consists of all anchored ships awaiting berth on 40 different occasions in 2015 and are subsequently extrapolated to a year. Fuel consumption by the individual ships, emissions and values are calculated from the detailed data with established models and estimates of unit values. The potential benefits are estimated at 27 million euros per year in the scenario where the near 15,000 anchorings by ships annually awaiting berth may instead start a green approach 12 h prior to arrival and may reduce speed by 25%, using the middle unit values for fuel and emissions. The methodology used in the paper can be applied to estimate the benefits of green approaches in other areas with anchored vessels.     

Greenhouse gas emissions from ships in ports – Case studies in four continents

Emissions of GHG from the transport sector and how to reduce them are major challenges for policy makers. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the level of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ships while in port based on annual data from Port of Gothenburg, Port of Long Beach, Port of Osaka and Sydney Ports. Port call statistics including IMO number, ship name, berth number and time spent at berth for each ship call, were provided by each participating port. The IMO numbers were used to match each port call to ship specifications from the IHS database Sea-web. All data were analysed with a model developed by the IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute for the purpose of quantifying GHG emissions (as CO₂-equivalent) from ships in the port area. Emissions from five operational modes are summed in order to account for ship operations in the different traffic areas. The model estimates total GHG emissions of 150,000, 240,000, 97,000, and 95,000 tonnes CO₂ equivalents per year for Gothenburg, Long Beach, Osaka, and Sydney, respectively. Four important emission-reduction measures are discussed: reduced speed in fairway channels, on-shore power supply, reduced turnaround time at berth and alternative fuels. It is argued that the potential to reduce emissions in a port area depends on how often a ship revisits a port: there it in general is easier to implement measures for high-frequent liners. Ships that call 10 times or less contribute significantly to emissions in all ports.     

钦州港大榄坪散杂货泊位工程的环境保护措施

环境保护监理是近年来监理工程师的主要工作之一,文章通过对钦州港大榄坪1#、2#散杂货泊位工程施工中存在的环境问题进行分析,提出了防治环境污染的监理措施和方法。     

预裂爆破在来宾港增建泊位工程中的应用

文章以来宾港增建两个500吨级泊位工程为例,介绍该工程采用预裂爆破施工技术,充分利用较完整的基岩,减少工程量和工程投资。     

Cluster analysis of the competitiveness of container ports in Brazil

The container cargo proportion of total maritime transport increased from 3% in 1980 to 16% in 2011. The largest Brazilian port, the port of Santos, is the 42nd largest container port in the world. However, Santos’ performance indicators are much lower than those of the world’s largest ports, so comparisons with them are difficult. This article focuses on the Brazilian container terminals that handled containers in 2009 and compares port competitiveness. This study classified seventeen Brazilian container terminals into three distinct groups based on the following competitiveness criteria: number of containers handled, berth length, number of berths, terminal tariffs (in US$), berth depth, rate of medium consignment (in containers/ship), medium board (containers/hour), average waiting time for mooring (in hours/ship), and average waiting time for load or unload cargo (in hours/ship). This classification used a hierarchical cluster analysis. The classification shows that the terminal of Tecon in the port of Santos has the best performance of all, while small terminals (<150,000 container units) are the worst performing terminals in Brazil.     

Bi-objective optimization for the container terminal integrated planning

In this paper, we study the joint optimization of the tactical berth allocation and the tactical yard allocation in container terminals, which typically consist of berth side and yard side operations. The studied two objectives are: (i) the minimization of the violation of the vessels’ expected turnaround time windows with the purpose of meeting the timetables published by shipping liners, and (ii) the minimization of the total yard transportation distance with the aim to lower terminal operational cost. We propose a bi-objective integer program which can comprehensively address the import, export and transshipment tasks in port daily practice. Traditionally, a container transshipment task is performed as a couple of import and export tasks, called indirect-transshipment mode, in which the transit container are needed to be temporally stored in the yard. As the way of transferring containers directly from the incoming vessel to the outgoing vessel, called direct-transshipment mode, has potential to save yard storage resources, the proposed model also incorporates both indirect- and direct-transshipment modes. To produce Pareto solutions efficiently, we devise heuristic approaches. Numerical experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the approaches.