Optimum design of tilting bogie frame in consideration of fatigue strength and weight

This paper addresses the use of finite-element (FE) analysis to calculate the fatigue strength of a bogie frame, for the development of tilting trains in Korea. A multi-body dynamic analysis was performed to extract the load condition by tilting on curves. Using the results of the multi-body dynamic analysis and the load scenario setout in the UIC standard, FE analysis was performed to obtain the stress distribution and to calculate the fatigue strength. An attempt was made to minimize the weight of the bogie frame using a back-propagation artificial neural network (ANN). The results of this study reveal that the stresses at some nodes are near the fatigue limit in the Goodman diagram and by using back-propagation ANN, the weight of the bogie frame could be reduced by 4.7%.     

半挂车车架多轴疲劳寿命研究

根据半挂车车架结构特点,建立了半挂车车架的有限元模型及多体动力学模型,对车架进行了静力学分析和以H级路面的路面载荷作为边界条件的动力学分析,得到了车架静态应力分布和载荷谱。并以此数据为依据,采用Wang-Brown多轴疲劳损伤模型预测了半挂车车架的多轴疲劳寿命,针对其疲劳薄弱部分提出了结构和工艺优化方案。优化后的车架满足使用寿命要求,且比原设计减重20%。     

基于子模型方法的曲轴强度分析

发动机曲轴的破坏形式主要为圆角部位的疲劳失效,为减小计算规模,提高分析效率,文章对某直列4缸发动机曲轴系建立多体动力学模型,计算曲轴的动态载荷谱,使用圆角子模型完成曲轴强度分析。计算表明,曲轴最薄弱部位于第8曲柄臂相连的曲柄销圆角,其疲劳安全系数为1．471。采用圆角子模型方法可以快速高效完成发动机曲轴的强度计算.     

The effect of spring pads in the secondary suspension of railway vehicles on bogie yaw resistance

This paper deals with properties of bogie yaw resistance of an electric locomotive with secondary suspension consisting of flexi-coil springs supplemented with tilting spring pads. Transversal stiffness of a sample of a spring/pad assembly was measured on a dynamic test stand of the University of Pardubice (Czech Republic) and the results were applied into a multi-body model of the locomotive created in the simulation tool ‘SJKV’. On the basis of the simulation results, a detailed analysis of the bogie yaw resistance was performed in order to explain the effect in dynamic behaviour of the locomotive when the moment against bogie rotation (and therefore the distribution of guiding forces on individual wheels, as well) is influenced with the vehicle speed in a certain curve. Results of this analysis show that the application of suspension elements with strongly directionally dependent transversal stiffness into the secondary suspension can just lead to a dependency of the bogie yaw resistance on cant deficiency, i.e. on the vehicle speed in curve. This fact has wide consequences on the vehicle dynamics (especially on the guiding behaviour of the vehicle in curves) and it also points out that the current method of evaluation of the bogie yaw resistance according to relevant standards, which is related with assessment of the quasistatic safety of a railway vehicle against derailment, is not objective enough.     

汽车正撞时后排座椅安全性的CAE分析与改进设计

构建了带假人和安全带等约束系统的汽车后排座椅骨架的多刚体和有限元耦合计算模型,根据欧洲座椅法规ECER17的规定,模拟正面碰撞后排座椅安全性台车试验,对座椅骨架冲击强度和假人动态响应等进行了CAE分析.根据分析结果提出改进方案,并进行相应的仿真和试验验证.     

基于整车多体动力学分析的悬架构件动应力计算

以AD250铰接式自卸车为应用实例,在建立整车刚柔耦合多体动力学模型的基础上,提出把悬架传力构件作为柔性体置于整车模型中,同时采用模态综合法计算悬架的动应力。指出了AD250铰接式自卸车悬架各构件的应力最大部位及发生时刻并评价了其动强度,为进一步的结构优化和疲劳分析奠定了基础。     

基于虚拟迭代技术的中型货车驾驶室载荷谱的求取

某货车驾驶室疲劳载荷激励输入位置位于驾驶室与悬置连接处,在进行整车强化道路耐久试验时无法安装设备直接采集。为获取较为准确的驾驶室疲劳寿命分析载荷谱,对强化耐久路面下整车加速度响应信号进行虚拟迭代。虚拟迭代时需调用整车多体动力学模型,为提高整车模型精度,基于Craig-Bampton综合模态理论生成柔性体车架,建立刚柔耦合的整车多体动力学模型。将Femfat-lab与ADAMS/Car进行联合仿真计算,以白噪声为初始输入,求解刚柔耦合整车多体动力学模型的非线性传递函数,基于循环迭代原理,进行各种典型强化路况下驾驶室悬置附近加速度响应信号的虚拟迭代。利用时域信号对比法及损伤阈值法作为迭代收敛判据,获得满足精度需求的位移驱动信号。将位移驱动信号导入到ADAMS/Car中,对整车多体动力学模型进行驱动仿真,提取驾驶室疲劳分析所需激励载荷谱,将虚拟迭代求得的载荷谱用于疲劳寿命分析所得结果与驾驶室疲劳强化台架试验结果进行对比。研究结果表明：出现疲劳破坏的部位相同度达75%,疲劳寿命误差在20%左右,表明虚拟迭代过程中基于柔性体车架建立的刚柔耦合多体动力学模型的仿真计算,可获得较高精度的迭代结果;以位移谱驱动整车多体动力学模型进行仿真能够有效避免六分力直接驱动时模型翻转等不稳定现象,并且整车模型仿真加速度响应结果与实测相应位置加速度响应吻合度较高;相比于传统的疲劳分析载荷获取方法,虚拟迭代技术可以在较低试验成本的情况下获取较高精度的载荷谱,并能够提取由于连接位置导致的无法直接进行载荷测量部位的疲劳分析载荷。     

Fatigue life prediction based on the rainflow cycle counting method for the end beam of a freight car bogie

This paper presents a system for treating of the actual measured data for load histories. The approach consists of two steps: stress analysis and fatigue damage prediction. Finite element analysis is conducted for the component in question to obtain detailed stress-strain responses. A significant number of failures occurred in a brake end beam which led to economic losses and disruption of service. The cracks appeared to be fatigue cracks caused by the dynamic load produced in the loaded bogie frame. Strain gauge data were analyzed, and fatigue cycles were calculated from this data. Rainflow cycle counting was used to estimate cumulative damage of the end beam under in-service loading conditions. The fatigue life calculated with the rainflow cycle counting method, the P-S-N curve, and the modified Miner’s rule agreed well with actual fatigue life within an error range of 2.7%~31%.     

空气悬架推力杆支架的拓扑优化设计

基于极限状态的静态载荷,利用拓扑优化技术对某牵引车空气悬架的下推力杆支架进行了结构优化设计,在保证结构刚度和强度的基础上,达到了结构轻量化的目标;同时运用多体动力学方法:,提取了轴端随机载荷条件下该件连接部位的动态载荷,并分析了该件在该载荷条件下的疲劳损伤情况。结果:表明,优化方案较原始方案在刚度、静强度和疲劳寿命方面均有明显改善。     

燃料电池大客车车身疲劳寿命仿真分析

应用M atlab生成路面激励载荷并检验其特性,结合整车多体动力学模型,获取车身疲劳分析的激励载荷;采用瞬态时域法计算出车身的动应力,利用MSC/Fatigue软件分析和预测燃料电池大客车车身的疲劳部位和寿命,为结构设计与修改提供参考。     

大功率多缸柴油机曲轴疲劳强度评估方法

以某型大功率柴油机作为研究对象,采用ADAMS/Engine建立了多缸柴油机曲柄连杆机构多体动力学模型,计算得到了曲轴的工作载荷.通过建立曲轴的整体三维有限元模型,将主轴承对主轴颈的支撑边界定义为接触对以模拟实际的约束状态,并将动力学计算所得一个周期内的曲柄销载荷历程曲线离散为16个载荷点,并按照发火次序,组合得到了16个载荷工况以模拟曲轴上的交变载荷,载荷的施加采用函数分布的形式模拟滑动轴承的压力分布,通过非线性有限元分析得到曲轴的应力应变结果.在此基础上,利用曲轴材料性能数据绘制了曲轴Goodman疲劳强度曲线,自编后处理分析程序得到了曲轴上所有节点的疲劳强度安全系数.结果表明:材料为42CrMo的整体曲轴满足结构疲劳强度要求,油孔处和过渡圆角处的疲劳强度安全系数相对较小,采用Goodman疲劳曲线计算的最小疲劳强度安全系数为5.04.分析结果与曲轴实际失效位置一致.     

Fatigue Life Prediction of a Railway Bogie under Dynamic Loads through Simulation

For dynamically loaded lightweight structures fatigue strength is an important design criteria. In this paper a new method to predict fatigue lifetime is shown. This is based on the combination of frequency domain and time domain calculations, which allows lifetime prediction with reduced computational effort. The method is implemented to work in a concurrent engineering software environment together with a computer aided design (CAD), a finite-element-method (FEM) and a multibody system (MBS) program. The benefits of the new approach are demonstrated by application to the bogie of a freight locomotive. The dynamic loads acting on the bogie are computed by multibody simulation. The bogie frame is considered as an elastic body of the MBS and the highly nonlinear wheel rail contact is modeled quasi-elastically. For the ride on a straight track the equations of motion can be linearized and the covariance matrix of the loads is calculated. The ride through a ramp is simulated by using the nonlinear differential equations. FEM yields the stresses in the most stressed locations of the bogie depending on the loads calculated by multibody simulation. Based on these stresses the fatigue life prediction is carried out in the MBS post-processing program FATIGUE.     

基于载荷谱的轿车后车身耐久性能分析

本文以中心开发的乘用车后车身的疲劳耐久特性作为研究对象,截取整车后半部分白车身建立有限元模型,以实测车轮六分力载荷谱经多体动力学仿真分析输出的后悬架安装点激励作为疲劳计算的载荷输入。在此基础上,通过疲劳仿真分析软件FEMFAT分别对开发车与竞品车后车身疲劳寿命进行了对比分析,并将仿真分析结果与试验结果进行了对标,为该乘用车车身的设计开发及改进提供重要依据。     

某重卡动力总成悬置系统隔振分析方法研究

为研究动力总成悬置系统隔振分析方法,论文以某重卡为研究对象,建立整车刚柔耦合多体动力学模型,并分别将柔性车架和刚性车架整车模型仿真结果与试验结果进行对比,最大误差分别为8.9%和25.1%,表明柔性车架整车模型与试验结果更为接近,能够用于动力总成隔振率的计算。为了简化分析过程,论文研究了基于柔性车架整车模型的3种简化方法,结果表明简化模型隔振率与试验结果相差最大为12.3%,与简化前相比隔振率相差最大为5.34%,因此,在车辆设计初期,没有实车及详细整车参数的条件下,利用简化后的模型可用于隔振率的仿真计算。该研究为动力总成隔振率计算提供了一定的理论指导,具有重要的工程应用价值。     

Sequential Approximate Optimization of MacPherson Strut Suspension for Minimizing Side Load by Using Progressive Meta-Model Method

In a MacPherson strut suspension, the side load is inevitably generated and it causes friction at the damper reducing riding comfort. In this paper, to solve this problem, progressive meta-model based sequential approximate optimization (SAO) is performed to minimize the side load. To calculate the side load, a wheel travel analysis is performed by using flexible multi-body dynamics (FMBD) model of suspension, which can consider both finite element method (FEM) and multi-body dynamics (MBD). In the optimal design process, meta-model is generated by using extracted sampling points and radial basis function (RBF) method. As a result of optimal design, spring setting positions that minimize the side load are obtained and by using optimal spring setting positions, the suspension FMBD model was constructed.     

基于位移反求加载法的高精度皮卡车架疲劳开发与验证

车架是皮卡的重要总成,由于承受各种载荷冲击,所以容易产生开裂问题影响使用寿命.皮卡车架的疲劳预测选择了精度较高的基于位移反求加载法,结合试验场采集载荷谱数据与皮卡整车多体动力学模型,以相关性较高的整车内部响应信号(悬架位移信号、整车轴头Z向加速度信号、转向拉杆力标定信号)为目标信号,迭代反求整车等效位移激励信号,进而分...     

Influence of wheel and rail profile shape on the initiation of rolling contact fatigue cracks at high axle loads

The influence of wheel and rail profile shape features on the initiation of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) cracks is evaluated based on the results of multi-body vehicle dynamics simulations. The damage index and surface fatigue index are used as two damage parameters to assess the influence of the different features. The damage parameters showed good agreement to one another and to in-field observations. The wheel and rail profile shape features showed a correlation to the predicted RCF damage. The RCF damage proved to be most sensitive to the position of hollow wear and thus bogie tracking. RCF initiation and crack growth can be reduced by eliminating unwanted shape features through maintenance and design and by improving bogie tracking.     

实测道路载荷谱在新开发车型车身疲劳分析中的应用

根据新研发车和现有车型具有相同底盘平台的特点,提出一种利用现车道路载荷,快速进行新车车身疲劳分析和评估的方法。建立新车多体模型,放大现车道路载荷并结合轮胎接地位移为输入。根据车轮力传感器(WFT)载荷测量特点,正确地对模型加载激励,仿真得到车身载荷谱。选用合理疲劳分析方法预测车身寿命,以现车车身的疲劳分析损伤为目标,对不合格局部进行合理优化,最终新车车身达到设计耐久目标。     

基于有限元法的摩托车车架疲劳寿命分析

本文以现代疲劳理论为基础,应用有限元法分析软件,模拟了摩托车车架疲劳强度台架试验的3种试验工况,对车架的疲劳寿命进行了预测分析,得到了车架的应力分布和疲劳计算结果,从而为车架的可靠性设计和结构优化提供了参考依据。     

基于整车的三轮摩托车车架疲劳强度对比分析

利用ansys workbench软件对三轮摩托车车架进行疲劳强度分析,避免了单独车架分析中施加边界条件的不准确性,使载荷和约束较真实地施加在车架上,保证了分析的准确性.同时,对某型号三轮摩托车车架在静强度和疲劳强度分析中存在的问题进行了改进,并在相同载荷条件下对改进前后的车架进行了对比分析,得到了满意的结果.