单双圆柱涡激振动数值模拟研究

基于CFD方法,对质量比为7的单圆柱和并列双圆柱的涡激振动进行数值模拟研究,对单圆柱涡激振动的研究表明:其锁定区为4.8U_R7.6,在锁定区内旋涡发放频率被结构的固有频率锁定,位移与升力的相位差为零,圆柱的无量纲振幅急剧增大。在锁定区边缘,由于涡脱频率不能完全被结构的固有频率锁定,出现"拍振"现象。对并列双圆柱涡激振动的研究表明:流场充分发展达到稳定的时间随间距比的增大而增加,在3.0≤T~*≤4.0时,两圆柱的振动反相同步,在4.0T~*≤5.0时,两圆柱的振动不同步,T~*≈4为两圆柱振动是否同步的临界间距比。     

串列双圆柱涡激振动数值模拟

基于计算流体力学技术开展了低雷诺数Re=150条件下串列双圆柱单自由度涡激振动的数值模拟研究,分析了不同间距比L/D=1.5~5.0、约化速度V_r=3~13条件下串列双圆柱结构动力响应和尾流旋涡脱落特性.结果表明间距比的变化改变下游圆柱锁定区间.对于各个间距比下的上游圆柱其动力响应和单圆柱涡激振动基本相同,而对于下游圆柱其动力响应明显与单圆柱不同.研究还发现存在一个临界约化速度V_(r,crit),当V_rV_(r,crit)时,上游圆柱振幅大于下游圆柱振幅;而当V_rV_(r,crit)时,下游圆柱振幅大于上游圆柱振幅.此外,文中还对不同间距比条件下上、下游圆柱尾流旋涡脱落形态展开了相应的研究.     

不同质量比对刚性圆柱体涡激振动振幅的影响

涡激振动发电装置是一种能够捕获浅海区域低流速海流能的新型能源装置,为了在不同海况下均能高效地对能量进行转换,需要对振动参数进行探讨,因此本文对质量比在振动响应和能量方面进行了分析。结合尾流振子模型和结构振动模型,得到双自由度涡激振动耦合模型,将Stappenbelt实验设置输入该模型,模型计算结果与其实验结果吻合,验证了模型的正确性。通过对中低质量比、超低质量比和高质量比三种条件下的柱体涡激振动响应进行分析,结果表明：中低质量比条件下,振幅和频率锁定区间宽度随质量比增加而减小;超低质量比条件下,顺流向无量纲振幅接近1,无法忽略,双向最大振幅发生约化速度Ur=6附近;高质量比条件下,最大振幅所对应的约化速度随着质量比的增加而增加,顺流向第二次波峰消失,横向出现两次波峰。     

低长径比浮式圆柱涡激运动实验研究

为研究低长径比浮式圆柱涡激运动响应,对其进行了水槽模型实验研究。测试了三种长径比(L/D=2.5、2.0、1.5)圆柱在不同来流速度下的运动响应及顺流向、横流向动水压力,从响应幅值、涡泄频率、受力分析等多个角度出发,分析其涡激运动的关键特征。研究表明:涡激运动响应幅值随长径比的减小呈降低趋势,这种趋势在锁定阶段更加明显;涡激运动锁定区前后阶段,涡泄频率与固有频率比值随约化速度呈线性增加,锁定区前St≈0.18,锁定区后St数小于0.18,且随长径比的减小而减小。     

质量比和阻尼比对不同工况下圆柱涡激振动的影响

基于流体计算软件STAR-CCM+中重叠网格和DFBI技术,在Re=150,UR=5条件下对单圆柱及串列不等直径圆柱涡激振动进行数值模拟。模拟中分别在较大范围内改变质量比(1～300)和阻尼比(0～1),获得了各工况下圆柱振动响应及受力与质量比和阻尼比的关系,分析了质量比和阻尼比对圆柱振动的影响及联系。结果表明：从整体来看,圆柱振动幅值和阻力随质量比和阻尼比的增加而降低,升力呈先升后降趋势。在小质量比下(m^*<20),圆柱振幅和受力受质量比和阻尼比影响较大,并随两参数的变化而快速变化;在较大质量比下,圆柱振幅和受力趋于稳定,几乎不再受质量比和阻尼比影响,流固耦合效应变弱。此外,还将参数m^*ζ值相同而m^*和ζ不同的圆柱响应数据进行对比,得出在低雷诺数下,相同m^*ζ的圆柱涡激振动响应呈相同的趋势。     

基于切片法的立管双自由度涡激振动响应研究

基于切片法自研程序,建立流体域和立管结构双向耦合的准三维数值模型,研究不同长细比和流速下立管双自由度涡激振动特性。结果表明：虽然立管上各切片质心运动“8”字型轨迹形状不同,但是都限制在一定范围内。长细比和流速的增大使得立管振动模态增大,振动响应由低阶驻波向高阶行波转变,但在横流向出现特殊现象,立管底端为明显的驻波而立管中间部分为明显的行波。此外,与顺流向相比,横流向振幅在立管轴向分布不均匀,底端的振幅较大。长细比变化对立管主控频率的影响很小,但是流速变化对该频率的影响明显。     

倒角半径对方柱涡激特性的影响研究

采用有限体积法对具有不同倒角半径方柱涡激振动开展了数值研究。方柱涡激振动系统简化为两自由度的质量-弹簧-阻尼模型,引入雷诺平均应力模型求解不可压缩粘性Navier-Stokes方程,结合SST k??湍流模型对低质量比弹性支撑的方柱涡激振动进行了模拟。研究发现:方柱涡激振动最大振幅曲线随着折合速度的增大先增大后减小,与圆柱涡激运动初始激励分支和下端分支相类似,但没有发现幅值跳跃现象。流向振幅最大值出现在20%倒角且折合速度5.0时,大小为0.28D,而横向振幅在30%倒角工况中折合速度为6.0时达到最大值0.47D。方柱涡激振动没有发生类似圆柱一样的频率锁定现象,但其振幅呈现明显的"差拍"规律,差拍区间随倒角半径大小而异,最后对不同倒角半径下方柱运动轨迹进行了讨论分析。     

两自由度运动圆柱绕流的离散涡方法模拟

应用离散涡数值方法(Discrete Vortex Method,DVM)对弹性支承的二维圆柱绕流的涡激振动(VIV)问题进行数值模拟,研究单自由度横向运动系统、两自由度系统横向和流向耦合运动这两种模型的计算结果,得到了不同质量比、不同折合速度下的尾涡形状、受力系数和圆柱响应曲线,并分别提取了单自由度和两自由度两种模型所得到的横向振幅进行对比.总结出受质量比和自由度数影响的圆柱响应的变化规律,证实了锁定lock-in现象的发生过程.通过与实验结果的对比,验证了计算结果较为合理和可靠,说明离散涡方法是研究涡激振动问题的有效手段,并且它能够适应高雷诺数下的计算,并且认为圆柱的流向运动对涡激振动起着促进作用,在数值模拟中是应当予以重视的.计算过程采用FORTRAN语言编程实现.     

附属分离盘抑制圆柱涡激振动的数值模拟

基于动网格技术,编写UDF程序计算附属不同长度分离盘的圆柱双自由度涡激振动,并借助FLUENT软件模拟计算其周围流场。通过模拟计算不同长度附属分离盘的圆柱涡激振动,系统地对比分析其所受升阻力系数、振动响应、尾流涡形态、运动轨迹和频率特征等方面内容,并总结其一般规律。分析发现,添加合适长度的分离盘可以大大降低涡泄频率,有助于避开“锁定”区域,降低涡激振动的响应,同时还应该注意附属分离盘带来的多频和宽频振动特征。该数值模拟方法也为附属抑制装置的立管涡激振动数值模拟奠定了基础。降低,当约化速度Ur=5.5附近,分离盘长度越长,升阻力系数与振动响应越小。（2）添加附属分离盘后,裸圆柱所对应的双排尾流涡将变为单排尾流涡;随着分离盘长度增大,涡泄的位置往后推移,与此同时,分离盘的两侧逐渐出现一组次漩涡（分离盘上产生的漩涡）;分离盘长度L=0.5D时,因其未能完全阻隔上下两侧漩涡的相互作用,并将一侧漩涡切分为二,与另一侧漩涡在尾流形成2P形态的涡。（3）附属分离盘长度的增加使得圆柱振动范围不断缩小,但会造成多频的振动特征,而且还有效地改变来流向响应与横向响应的相位角。（4）添加附属分离盘后,一方面圆柱阻力的主频率明显降低,而且主频率所对应的功率谱密度也明显降低,说明分离盘能降低来流向的振动频率与振动强度,但会造成附属分离盘的圆柱阻力表现为多频、宽频的振动特征;另一方面添加附属分离盘的圆柱升力频率明显降低,但同样会造成多频和宽频的振动特征。总的来说,添加合适长度的分离盘可以大大降低涡泄频率,有助于避开“锁定”区域,降低涡激振动的响应,同时还应该注意附属分离盘带来的多频和宽频振动特征。本文的数值模拟方法也为附属抑制装置的立管涡激振动数值模拟奠定基础。     

基于一种固体区域迭代算法的圆柱涡激振动数值计算

利用Fluent平台的用户自定义程序（UDF）以及动网格模型,实现了圆柱运动方程的一种迭代求解算法,分别对层流、湍流状态下,弹性支承圆柱体在一定约化速度下的涡激响应进行了数值模拟,探讨了不同阻尼比对涡激响应的影响。结果表明：采用该迭代求解算法对弹性支承圆柱涡激振动的预测结果较为合理;随着阻尼比的逐渐增加,初始支振幅、升阻力系数时程曲线将由多频率拍振,最终变为单一频率主导的振动,且涡激振幅逐渐减小;除了质量-阻尼比联合参数m*ζ外,阻尼比ζ本身也应作为一个重要的涡激影响参数单独进行考量。     

An experimental investigation by towing tank on VIV of a long flexible cylinder for deepwater riser application

In this study, the dynamic response of a vertical flexible cylinder vibrating at low mode numbers with combined x?y motion was investigated in a towing tank. The uniform flow was simulated by towing the flexible cylinder along the tank in still water; therefore, the turbulence intensity of the free flow was negligible in obtaining more reliable results. A lower branch of dominant frequencies with micro vibration amplitude was found in both cross-flow and in-line directions. This justifiable discrepancy was likely caused by an initial lock-in. The maximum attainable amplitude, modal analysis and x?y trajectory in cross-flow and in-line directions are reported here and compared with previous literature, along with some good agreements and different observations that were obtained from the study. Drag and lift coefficients are also evaluated by making use of a generalized integral transform technique approach, yielding an alternative method to study fluid force acting upon a flexible cylinder.     

Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) dynamics of a tensioned flexible cylinder subjected to uniform cross-flow

This paper presents the experimental results of a study on the effects of axial applied tension on the vibration amplitude, the suppression of vibration, hydrodynamic force coefficients and in-line (IL) and cross-flow (CF) frequency responses during vortex-induced vibration of a horizontally mounted flexible cylinder with a low mass ratio (cylinder’s mass/mass of displaced water), low bending-stiffness, and high aspect ratio (length/diameter 200) in the subcritical Reynolds number regime (Re = 1000–16000). The effect of tension is studied by applying four different tensions. It was revealed that higher applied tensions, which reduce the vibration amplitude, could significantly raise the hydrodynamic lift force coefficient. In addition, higher applied tensions generate narrower lock-in bandwidths. After the highest vibration amplitude and during the region of lower vibration amplitudes, within the first lock-in region (in the first mode of vibration), power spectral densities show broad bandwidth, while within other regions and higher modes they appear narrow-banded. The ratio of the dominant IL to CF frequency is approximately equal to 2.0, except for the lower reduced velocities, where the ratio values reach 3.83 for the highest tension accompanied by widening of the region in which this ratio is over 2.0. This ratio is 2.76 for the lowest applied tension with a narrower region.     

Effect of surface roughness and initial gap on the vortex-induced vibrations of a freely vibrating cylinder in the vicinity of a plane wall

We studied the effects of the surface roughness and initial gap on the responses of vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a circular cylinder near a stationary plane wall, employing numerical methods. The VIV response amplitudes, lock-in regions, hydrodynamic forces, VIV trajectories and flow fields for three different surface roughnesses and two different initial gaps were systematically compared. The results reveal that the reduced velocity range can be divided into three regions based on the VIV amplitude as pre-lock-in, lock-in, and post-lock-in regions. The width of the lock-in region is not sensitive to the variation of the roughness. The mean drag coefficient has a decreasing tendency with the increased roughness. For a small initial gap, the clockwise wall boundary layer vortices has coalesced with the clockwise vortices shed from the upper side of the cylinder, which further suppresses the shedding of the counter-clock wise vortices from the lower side of the cylinder. The vortex shedding flow pattern displays a weak 2S mode. However, for a large initial gap, there is no coalescing action operating in the wake region and hence most of the vortex shedding flow patterns show an asymmetric 2S mode.     

Intelligent VIV control of 2DOF sprung cylinder in laminar shear-thinning and shear-thickening cross-flow based on self-tuning fuzzy PID algorithm

A self-tuning fuzzy PID (ST-FPID) control scheme is implemented within a joint interactive (Matlab/Simulink/Fluent) co-simulation framework for effective two degrees of freedom (2DOF) vortex-induced vibration (VIV) control of an elastically-mounted circular cylinder in laminar cross-flow of incompressible non-Newtonian power-law fluids based on the control action of a single transverse force actuator. The model-free controller, which systematically tunes the control parameters online in real time based on given rules, is well-known to be highly advantageous over the previously employed conventional PID controllers. It is particularly capable of handling the intricate non-linear dynamic effects inherent in the complex fluid rheology of non-Newtonian flow past the cylinder in presence of unmodeled system dynamics, high parametric uncertainties, diverse operational conditions, and time-varying external disturbances and control signals. Extensive numerical simulations reveal that the complex shear-thinning and shear-thickening behaviors of fluid viscosity can substantially influence the cylinder dynamic response, applied hydrodynamic forces, and flow structure. In particular, effectiveness and high performance of the adopted ST-FPID control strategy in substantial suppression of the high amplitude coupled 2DOF VIV of the elastically-mounted cylinder at selected critical reduced velocities in the lock-in region are established for a wide range of power-law index parameters (e.g., up to 83% reduction in RMS value of cylinder cross-flow displacement and up to 35% reduction in RMS value of cylinder in-line displacement for n=1and U* = 5 at Re = 100). Also, the vigorous action of the error-driven ST-FPID controller in forcing the high strength vortex shedding patterns of the uncontrolled cylinder out of the lock-in condition into the classical von Kármán vortex street of 2S-type mode of moderately weaker strengths is verified.     

参激振动对顺应式垂直通路立管涡激振动的影响

顺应式垂直通路立管(CVAR)是目前处于研究阶段的一种新型的立管类型,在海流作用下产生涡激振动,在平台垂荡运动作用下产生参数激励振动。为了研究参数激励的影响,本文引入尾流振子模型模拟漩涡脱落对立管的作用,同时考虑浮式平台升沉运动产生的参数激励,建立了CVAR参激-涡激联合振动方程,获取联合作用下的动力响应,并与纯涡激振动响应进行对比。结果表明,在相同的流速下CVAR中部涡激振动幅值最大,流速的增大会导致涡激振动的频率增大,发生高阶锁振,高阶锁振振动幅值比低阶锁振振动幅值小。考虑参数激励之后,较纯涡激振动而言,立管的振动幅值增大;当参激频率与涡激振动频率接近时,立管的振动幅值最大。     

低质量-阻尼因子圆柱体的涡激振动预报模型

本文考查了在均匀来流中作横向振荡的圆柱体与周围流体之间的能量转移,由此建立了基于受迫振荡实验数据的弹性支撑圆柱体在均匀流中的涡激振动响应预报模型.根据此模型,分析了低质量-阻尼因子圆柱体的涡激振动响应特性.就水中圆柱体涡激振动响应特性相关的几个关键性问题进行了深入的讨论,包括响应振幅的决定因素、附加质量对锁定范围及响应频率的影响.正确理解这些问题对于深水立管涡激振动响应的有效预报至关重要.     

Effect of mass ratio on hydrodynamic response of a flexible cylinder

The effect of the mass ratio on the flow-induced vibration (FIV) of a flexible circular cylinder is experimentally investigated in a towing tank. A Tygon tube with outer and inner diameters of 7.9 mm and 4.8 mm, respectively, was employed for the study. The tube was connected to a carriage and towed from rest to a steady speed up to 1.6 m/s before slowing down to rest again over a distance of 1.6 m in still water. Reynolds number based on the cylinder’s outer diameter was 800–13,000, and the reduced velocity (velocity normalized by the cylinder’s natural frequency and outer diameter) spanned from 2 to 25. When connected, the cylinder was elongated from 420 mm to 460 mm under an axial pre-tension of 11 N. Based on the cylinder’s elongated length, the aspect ratio (ratio of the cylinder’s length to outer diameter) was calculated as 58. Three mass ratios (ratio of the cylinder’s structural mass to displaced fluid mass, m*) of 0.7, 1.0, and 3.4 were determined by filling the cylinder’s interior with air, water, and alloy powder (nickel-chromium-boron matrix alloy), respectively. An optical method was adopted for response measurements. Multi-frequency vibrations were observed in both in-line (IL) and cross-flow (CF) responses; at high Reynolds number, vibration modes up to the 3^rd one were identified in the CF response. The mode transition was found to occur at a lower reduced velocity for the highest tested mass ratio. The vibration amplitude and frequency were quantified and expressed with respect to the reduced velocity. A significant reduced vibration amplitude was found in the IL response with increasing mass ratios, and only initial and upper branches existed in the IL and CF response amplitudes. The normalized response frequencies were revealed to linearly increase with respect to the reduced velocity, and slopes for linear relations were found to be identical for the three cases tested.     

Two-dimensional FEM model of Vortex-Induced Vibration of A Circular Cylinder

The finite element method was employed to solve the N-S equation.Incorporated with the vibration equa- tion,the vortex-induced vibration of the circular cylinder is studied by an Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian(ALE)al- gorithm.The Reynolds number based on the cylinder diameter and the undisturbed flow velocity ranges from 90 to 150. The motion of the cylinder was modeled by a spring-damper-mass system.The numerical model has been validated by comparison with the experimental data in literature.The"lock-in"and"beating"phenomena were successfully repro- duced in the numerical test.     

新型深吃水多立柱FDPSO变截面立柱涡激运动特性研究

文章采用FLUENT软件结合分离涡法对某新型深吃水多立柱FDPSO变截面立柱涡激运动特性开展了研究。将变截面立柱涡激振动系统简化为质量-弹簧-阻尼模型,引入雷诺平均应力模型求解不可压缩粘性Navier-Stokes方程,通过计算出流场作用于柱体的瞬时升力与阻力,并基于UDF程序求解运动微分方程同时运用动网格技术实现流场更新,实现了对变截面立柱涡激运动的数值模拟。对不同来流速度下变截面柱绕流和涡激运动特性进行了研究,分析了变截面柱阻力系数、升力系数、运动幅值和运动轨迹等,研究发现：在高雷诺数单柱绕流模拟中采用三维数值模型更具优势,变截面柱后方同一时间内可能有多个旋涡产生,旋涡之间相互影响,抑制了旋涡对柱体的升阻力作用;在折合速度6~9范围内,变截面柱未出现明显“锁定”现象;变截面柱涡激运动的横荡振幅峰值在Ur=4.5,约为1.2D;变截面柱流向平衡位置随着折合速度增加而增加;变截面柱运动轨迹出现了典型的“8”字形,但变截面柱的轨迹相对较紊乱。