海上风电复合筒型基础抗波浪液化研究

海上风电复合筒型基础周围海床在波浪作用下会发生液化现象,近年来许多学者都对海床抗液化措施进行了研究。采用基于开源软件OpenFOAM建立的波浪-海床-结构物相互作用的CFD-CSD耦合模型,模拟求解波浪作用下海床动力响应及考虑结构物的复杂波浪荷载条件下的响应问题。通过数值模拟复合筒型基础周围的海床表面覆盖不同块石下的动力响应和液化范围分布,表明上覆块石层厚度越大,抗液化效果越好。     

复合筒型基础周围土体在波浪作用下的动力响应

利用OpenFOAM模拟数值波浪水槽,将复合筒型基础周围海床受到的波压力作为初始条件输入有限元软件ABAQUS,建立波浪作用下海床动力响应模型。数值模拟结果与实验结果及解析解吻合较好。运用此模型进行了复合筒型基础周围海床在行进波作用下动力响应研究和土体特性对波浪作用下海床动力响应的影响分析,结果表明,海床孔隙水压衰减速度随着海床渗透系数和弹性模量的增加而增大。     

非线性立波作用下砂质海床动力响应及液化研究

利用傅立叶级数近似法求解非线性立波作用下海床表面波压力,基于波浪作用下海床动力响应的二维准静态模型以及液化判定标准,模拟非线性立波作用下海床动力响应以及液化深度。线性与非线性立波计算结果比较表明:当相对水深较大时,非线性立波波峰处波压力出现双峰,波谷处的波压力明显大于线性立波波谷处波压力;海床中孔隙水压力在波峰时也表现出双峰型特性,且波谷时的海床压力增大;在相同波浪条件下,非线性立波作用下海床更易液化,且液化深度大于线性立波作用下液化深度。     

新型海上风电基础地基冲刷深度试验研究及床面剪切力分析

海洋环境作用下海上风电基础周围海床会产生显著冲刷,冲刷深度过大会严重影响风电结构体系的安全。复合筒型基础是一种新型的浅基础,其对冲刷的敏感性更大。以新型的海上风电复合筒型基础为研究对象,开展了波流作用下基础周围地基冲刷特征的物理模型试验,探究了基础周围海床的冲刷变化规律及最大冲刷深度,基于波流-复合筒型基础-地基相互作用的数值模型分析了海床表面剪切力的分布特征,考察了最大冲刷深度与最大床面剪切力的关联性。研究结果表明：波流作用下复合筒型基础最大冲刷位置位于基础后方、毗邻基础的位置,最大冲刷深度随波高、周期、流速的减小而减小,基础周围海床最大冲刷深度与其最大床面剪切应力的分布有一定的相关关系。     

钢管桩基础周围海床在极端波浪作用下的瞬时液化分析

以广东某原油码头工程为例,基于不可压缩粘性流动的Navier-Stokes方程和Biot固结理论,建立极端波浪作用下钢管桩周围密实海床的有限元数值模型,得到海床动力响应的过程。通过敏感性分析的方法探讨波高、水深、桩径对瞬时液化深度的影响。其研究结果为可为工程项目提供解决工程问题的思路,也为类似工程提供安全性的参考。     

新型海上风电复合筒型基础波浪荷载研究

对于新型海上复合筒型基础,现行规范中还没有提出计算波浪荷载的方法。文章基于开源程序OpenFOAM建立了波浪与结构物相互作用的三维数值波浪水槽,并针对复合筒型基础在不同波浪条件下的波浪荷载进行了大量模拟。利用模拟结果提出了分层计算方法中波浪力矩作用点的修正公式,修正结果可以较为准确地计算波浪力和力矩。     

吹填土对筒型基础结构工作性能的影响

针对吹填土对筒型基础结构工作性能影响的问题,进行三维有限元模拟研究。采用大型通用有限元软件ABAQUS建立筒型基础结构与吹填土相互作用的三维弹塑性模型,模拟在波浪荷载和不同厚度吹填土作用下筒型基础结构各点土压力的变化趋势,揭示筒壁所承受土压力的分布规律以及不同厚度吹填土的影响。该结果为防波堤的筒型基础结构稳定性验算提供了依据。     

波浪作用下砂质海床最大液化深度

根据线性波浪作用下饱和海床内孔隙水压力分布的解析解和波浪作用下海床液化的判别准则,推导了均匀海床最大液化深度的计算公式,并根据该公式提出了防止海床液化措施的建议。     

循环荷载作用下黄河口海床土的动力响应数值模拟研究

针对黄河口海床典型研究区,应用plaxis有限元岩土工程数值模拟软件,采用摩尔-库伦本构模型对海床土在循环冲击荷载作用下的动力响应进行数值模拟。通过分析不同位置土体颗粒在不同级别振动能量下的位移及加速度等信息,研究海床土的动力响应及对振动能量的吸收特征,为黄河口海床土在循环荷载作用下的稳定性分析提供依据。     

三筒型漂浮式风—流发电装置设计与载体强度分析

为了利用海上风能和潮流能,文章提出了"三筒型漂浮式风—流发电装置"概念,并开展了装置总体设计,然后利用ANSYS软件建立联合发电装置载体有限元模型,根据CCS相关规范,对平台载体进行了波浪载荷计算和结构强度评估,对不同工况下的载荷特点和结构响应进行了分析。结果表明,该型式发电装置载体结构符合CCS规范要求,能够保证安全运行,进而为同类载体的应用设计提供了一定参考。     

海上风机结构周围冲刷数学模型研究

基于开源程序OpenFOAM和动网格技术,利用切应力平衡法建立水流作用下的海上风电基础局部冲刷数学模型。通过模拟结果与实验数据的对比发现,所建立的冲刷数学模型能够合理反映圆柱型单桩基础周围的水流结构,冲刷深度与实验结果吻合较好。     

浮式海上风力机运动性能和锚泊系统(英文)

The development of offshore wind farms was originally carried out in shallow water areas with fixed(seabed mounted) structures.However,countries with limited shallow water areas require innovative floating platforms to deploy wind turbines offshore in order to harness wind energy to generate electricity in deep seas.The performances of motion and mooring system dynamics are vital to designing a cost effective and durable floating platform.This paper describes a numerical model to simulate dynamic behavior of a new semi-submersible type floating offshore wind turbine(FOWT) system.The wind turbine was modeled as a wind block with a certain thrust coefficient,and the hydrodynamics and mooring system dynamics of the platform were calculated by SESAM software.The effect of change in environmental conditions on the dynamic response of the system under wave and wind loading was examined.The results indicate that the semi-submersible concept has excellent performance and SESAM could be an effective tool for floating wind turbine design and analysis.     

淤泥质海岸波致液化及航道骤淤问题初步研究

研究波浪与淤泥海床相互作用导致的海床液化、体积冲刷和高浓度近底悬沙的层移输运问题。采用de Wit提出的液化判别条件及计算方法,结合连云港近岸波浪和淤泥力学特征,计算不同来波条件下淤泥质海床的液化深度;进一步考虑浑水中含沙量对流速的折减影响,计算液化层运移速度分布。计算结果表明,大浪条件下,淤泥质海床可能有较大的液化深度,但层移厚度不大。由于层移含沙量较高,在近底水流驱动下仍能形成较大的输沙率和一定规模的大风天航道骤淤。有关研究成果为海床稳定性分析和输沙计算提供了新的思路和方法。     

海上风电场风机桩基局部冲刷计算

建设海上风电场时,风机所处的环境十分复杂,在风、浪、流等要素的影响下,风机桩基周围会出现冲刷坑,而风机桩基的局部冲刷深度是工程设计的重要参数.采用胜利埕岛油田海洋平台桩基局部冲刷现场观测资料,对常用的两个桩基局部冲刷经验公式进行验证,并对拟建的风电场工程风机桩基的局部冲刷深度进行计算,计算结果具有一定的参考价值.     

半潜浮式风机的动力响应分析

OC4半潜浮式风机综合性能较好，但其浮式基础结构质量和结构复杂性使其建造成本高昂，而WindFloat半潜浮式风机浮式基础具有结构简单、建造成本低和减摇效果好等优点，但是适应水深较小且只适合特定海域。结合OC4和WindFloat半潜浮式风机浮式基础的结构特点，针对200 m水深环境设计OC4-WindFloat半潜浮式风机基础。基于叶素理论、莫里森公式和势流理论，通过有限元软件对OC4-WindFloat半潜浮式风机的固有周期及风浪联合作用下的动态响应进行耦合分析，并与OC4半潜浮式风机结果进行对比研究。结果显示，OC4-WindFloat半潜浮式风机固有周期及动态响应均满足相关规定，且具有比OC4更低的建造成本，相比WindFloat可适用更深的海域。研究结果对于浮式基础型式研究有一定的指导意义。     

Experimental study on seismic vibration control of an offshore wind turbine with TMD considering soil liquefaction effect

Wind energy is clean and sustainable. Taiwan is establishing offshore wind farms using wind turbines in the Taiwan Strait. However, these are located in an earthquake-prone area with sandy seabed conditions. To ensure their safety and reliability, the turbines’ support structure must be protected against wind, waves, and seismic loads. Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) are commonly employed to reduce structural vibrations. A TMD is more simply incorporated into turbine structures than are other energy dissipation devices. In this study, a 1:25-scale test model with a TMD was constructed and subjected to shaking table tests to experimentally simulate the dynamic behavior of a typical 5-MW wind turbine with a jacket-type support structure and pile foundation. The scaled-down wind turbine model has a nacelle without rotating blades; therefore, the aerodynamic and rotational effects due to the rotating blades were ignored in this study. A large laminar shear box filled with saturated sandy ground was used to simulate the typical seabed conditions of Taiwanese offshore wind farms. The TMD system was designed to be tuned the first-mode frequency of the test model. Two ground accelerations, selected by considering wind farm site condition and near-fault characteristics, were used for excitation in the test. The responses of the test model with and without the TMD system were compared, and the influence of soil liquefaction on the effectiveness of TMD vibration control was addressed.     

波浪运动对风机基础结构的动力响应影响

随着海上风电的发展，海上风机基础的动力响应越来越引起人们的关注。在以往的设计中，一般只考虑静态的波浪力，忽略波浪的动力响应，根据静态波浪力来校核基础结构强度。本文以海上固定式三桩钢结构风机基础，江苏沿海潮间带海域的环境条件和地质数据，论述其波浪动力响应对结构的影响。     

海上风力发电机组支撑结构动力响应特性研究

支撑结构设计是大型海上风电机组设计的重要部分。文章分析了海上风电机组的各种环境载荷,并以3MW风力机组为例计算其所受环境载荷,包括作用在支撑结构顶端的由风机叶轮转动引起的水平轴向力、作用在塔筒上的风载荷以及作用在基础上的海流、海浪载荷,并采用非线性弹簧来模拟基础与海底土层之间的相互作用。在考虑风轮影响情况下,利用有限元法对支撑结构进行了模态分析。最后,分析了环境载荷作用下支撑结构的动态响应。计算结果表明,在对海上风力发电机组进行动态响应计算时,环境载荷之间的相互耦合作用不能忽略。     

Dynamic impedances and load carrying mechanism for skirted foundations

Dynamic impedances of foundations include dynamic stiffness and damping which have important effect on the internal forces in the structure. In some cases, such as offshore wind turbines, the influence of the foundation impedances on the system's natural frequency and overall damping could potentially have a significant effect on the fatigue life of the structure. The vertical, horizontal and rocking impedances of a skirted foundation (also termed bucket foundation in offshore wind industry) embedded in a fully saturated poroelastic seabed are addressed in this paper. The vertical impedance is most relevant for jacket foundations supported on three or four bucket foundations, while horizontal and rocking impedances are applicable for mono-bucket foundations. The dynamic vibration problems are solved semi-analytically with the help of dual integral equations and Green's functions. Numerical results for dynamic impedances are obtained; damping ratio are also obtained to show the importance of radiation damping for bucket foundations, even at very small excitation frequencies. The influence of length-to-radius ratio, Poisson's ratio, permeability of soil, excitation frequency and thickness-to-radius ratio on the impedances are also studied. Besides, the dynamic load sharing among the top plate, bucket shaft and bucket tip is obtained for vertical load, horizontal load and moment to shed light on the carrying mechanism of bucket foundation at dynamic working loads. It is found that for a rigid bucket foundation, even when the length-to-radius ratio is small (e.g. l/a = 1.0), most of the loads are carried by the shaft, while the top plate and tip of the bucket take only a small portion of the loads. The results of this study will be helpful for understanding the load-carrying mechanism of offshore bucket foundations for normal operation conditions.