破冰船冲撞式破冰结构强度数值仿真方法研究

本文基于瞬态动力学分析法对破冰船冲撞式破冰过程进行有限元数值仿真研究。针对该方法中的船冰撞击分析、海冰浮力模拟等一些关键问题进行研究,根据上述方法对某破冰船冲撞式破冰过程进行数值模拟,并对应力计算结果进行校核。总之,本文建立的一套评价破冰船冲撞式破冰过程船体应力方法,对于中国老龄破冰船的强度评估具有重要意义。     

破冰船冲破冰层的有限元数值仿真研究

基于＂冲撞式＂破冰法以及有限元仿真法的原理,利用MSC.Patran/Dytran软件进行冰载荷的数值模拟,研究模拟破冰船冲撞冰层的过程中的关键技术,分析确定适合于本文所用的研究方案,对整个破冰过程中冰层的变化过程进行分析,并通过对比不同的冲撞速度、撞击角度以及冰层厚度,研究这些参数的不同对破冰船破冰能力的影响。     

破冰船冲撞式破冰模拟及结构损伤分析

提出一种适用于船冰碰撞的海冰材料模型。基于该材料模型,通过非线性有限元模拟冰台撞击刚性墙,验证该模型的正确性,并成功将其运用于某PC3冰级破冰船冲撞式破冰过程数值模拟中。研究破冰船冲撞不同厚度层冰的动响应结果,总结船冰相互作用过程中碰撞力和能量的变化、船体结构损伤特性和破冰能力,研究成果可为破冰船结构设计提供参考。     

基于非线性有限元法的船舶冰区破冰数值模拟

应用非线性有限元法进行了破冰船冰区破冰数值模拟。通过比较数值模拟结果和试验结果,对冰体材料模型进行了验证;采用该冰体材料模型,对破冰船以不同航速在不同厚度的层冰中破冰航行时的动态响应进行了数值研究,给出了破冰过程中层冰的变形、冰力的大小以及冰的变形能和动能变化,分析了船速、冰层厚度对破冰阻力的影响。该研究结果对分析破冰船在层冰中破冰时的动态响应特性具有一定的参考价值。     

基于非线性有限元法的船舶冰区破冰数值模拟（英文）

应用非线性有限元法进行了破冰船冰区破冰数值模拟。通过比较数值模拟结果和试验结果,对冰体材料模型进行了验证;采用该冰体材料模型,对破冰船以不同航速在不同厚度的层冰中破冰航行时的动态响应进行了数值研究,给出了破冰过程中层冰的变形、冰力的大小以及冰的变形能和动能变化,分析了船速、冰层厚度对破冰阻力的影响。该研究结果对分析破冰船在层冰中破冰时的动态响应特性具有一定的参考价值。     

不同船艏类型破冰模式差异的数值预报分析

船艏形状是决定破冰船破冰性能的关键要素之一.为了探究不同船艏型线特征对破冰船破冰性能的影响,本文采用常规型近场动力学方法建立了平整冰层的无网格数值模型,提出了一种基于几何数学概念用于解决冰粒子与船体碰撞问题的接触检测算法,最后应用消息传递接口(MPI)并行技术搭建了破冰船破冰过程的数值预报方法,并在FORTRAN语言环境下编写了相关计算程序.基于该仿真程序,分别预报了传统型破冰船艏形状和非传统型破冰船艏形状连续冲破平整冰层的过程,并对传统型破冰船艏的计算结果与试验结果进行了比较,验证了本文所搭建的模型的准确性.对比了两种不同船艏破冰船的破冰模式和破冰载荷特征,分析了两种破冰船艏形状各自的优缺点.本文进行的研究对于破冰船的设计具有一定的工程参考价值.     

基于SPH方法的连续式破冰数值模拟

根据海冰的力学性质,采用光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)方法建立海冰本构模型,模拟冰锥实验并与实验结果对比,对冰材料模型准确性进行验证.利用显式动力分析软件LS-DYNA模拟破冰船连续式破冰,得到了海冰的损伤变形和破冰阻力,同时研究了船舶航速和海冰厚度等参数对冰载荷的影响.分析研究表明:应用SPH方法建立的海冰模型能够真实的反映海冰的力学性能,对连续式破冰过程实现较为准确的模拟,为船冰碰撞的数值模拟提供了新思路.     

连续破冰模式下极地破冰船艏部冰载荷计算方法研究

极地破冰船在破冰过程中的冰载荷预报是破冰船设计过程中亟待解决的问题。论文根据能量守恒原理提出了连续破冰模式下冰载荷的分析方法;运用非线性有限元软件模拟破冰船的连续破冰过程,获得不同冰厚和不同船速下的船艏碰撞力时历曲线。通过理论计算及数值仿真结果的对比分析,证实作者提出的连续式冰载荷理论计算公式和数值仿真方法的可行性。计算方法及计算结果对于破冰船结构设计具有重要的参考价值。     

极地船冰载荷简化计算方法研究

在极地船破冰过程中,船体--海冰之间将产生十分复杂的动力学行为。本文利用有限元数值仿真软件LS-DYNA模拟一艘极地船连续破冰过程,提出了考虑冰水耦合作用的冰载荷数值计算方法,研究了考虑海冰与海水的耦合作用对作用于船体的冰载荷量值的影响。将本文提出的数值计算方法结果与冰池模型试验数据进行了对比分析,对数值算法的合理性与准确性进行了验证。在此基础上,提出冰载荷准静态分析方法,将有限元直接计算结果与规范设计载荷对比分析,引入动力缩放系数,并将其应用到冲撞式破冰能力计算的冰载荷简化模拟方法。     

基于VUMAT的海洋结构物撞冰行为数值仿真

对海洋结构物撞冰行为和冰载荷特性进行研究.基于ABAQUS通用有限元软件平台开发理想弹塑性冰材料VUMAT用户子程序;根据Tsai-Wu屈服准则和经验失效准则,采用完全隐式向后欧拉回映算法实现冰材料应力和应变的更新,并通过单个单元的压缩和拉伸试验验证该子程序的可行性.采用已开发的冰材料VUMAT子程序模拟刚性直立圆柱结构以不同速度撞击平整冰排,研究海冰的损伤过程,并分析碰撞速度对结构物承受冰载荷的影响.模拟刚性勺型破冰艏冲撞式破冰场景,并研究冰层厚度对冰载荷的影响.     

Dilated-polyhedron-based DEM analysis of the ice resistance on ship hulls in escort operations in level ice

The ice resistance on ships in escort operations in level ice are investigated using the discrete element method (DEM). A dilated polyhedron—generated by the Minkowski sum of a sphere and a polyhedron—is employed in the DEM; this dilated polyhedron-based DEM (DPDEM) is adopted to simulate the ship–ice interaction, wherein the contact force and bond-failure criterion are considered for the collision and fracture of sea ice, respectively. A three-point bending test was simulated with DPDEM, and a field test was conducted in the Bohai Sea to validate the DEM results. Further, a parametric analysis of flexural strength was conducted to identify the parameters involved in the bond-failure criterion. The ice resistance on icebreakers and cargo ships in level ice are simulated using DPDEM. The simulated ice resistances are compared with the Lindqvist and Riska formulas and the model test, which proves the validity of the DEM simulation. The interaction between ships and level ice is simulated parametrically to investigate the ice resistance on cargo ships with and without the icebreaker escort. Influencing factors such as ship speed, ice thickness, and ship breadth were examined to investigate the ice resistance on the escorted cargo ship. Analysis and change rules of the ice resistance on cargos affected by those factors were given.     

考虑流场影响下破冰船艏部结构响应研究

通常考虑船-冰碰撞附连水的水动力效应有附加质量法和流固耦合法。本文建立了破冰船破冰场景,基于流固耦合法进行了数值仿真计算,分析了水域流场对船体的冲击压力变化、流场的速度分布变化以及流场的动能变化。同时与附加质量法的计算结果进行了比较,对比分析了船艏的碰撞力大小、损伤变形以及局部冰载荷等差异,揭示了流场对船-冰碰撞的影响规律,对于破冰船结构设计具有重要的参考价值。     

Numerical Simulation of Turret Moored Ship Performance in Variable Ice Drift Based on Heading Control

The frequent change in ice drift direction poses a significant challenge for turret moored ship in ice. Variability in ice drift is mainly caused by the winds and currents. To solve this problem, a new method with numerical simulation based on heading control is applied to reduce the risk of operation of The Arctic Tandem Offloading Terminal(ATOT),which includes an offloading icebreaker(OIB) moored to a submerged turret and a shuttle tanker moored at the stern of the OIB in this paper. An icebreaking tanker, MT Uikku, was modeled in a simulation program. Then the level ice load on the tanker was calculated with different ice thicknesses and drift speeds, after which a heading controller assisted with mooring system is used to simulate the horizontal motion of the tanker under the ice action.     

Improving operational safety during icebreaker operations

The study presented in this paper aims at investigating what safety measures that can be taken to improve the operational safety during icebreaker operations in the Baltic Sea. During icebreaker operations, the icebreaker and the assisted vessel operate in close proximity to each other, a distance which can be even smaller if weather and ice conditions are severe. This poses a severe threat to the operation, since the extremely short distance between the vessels leaves no room for error. The results, which are based on data collected through individual interviews and questionnaires, indicate several possible improvements. Firstly, on a regulatory level, the introduction of an ice navigation certificate for deck officers would set a minimal level of formal competency. Secondly, on a knowledge level, more ice navigation training and better language skills work in favour for the safety. Thirdly, on a technical level, having an electronic chart with target tracking capability increases the efficiency and safety of the passage through ice. In addition to these results, this study shows a need to further research the communication and language situation during icebreaker operations.     

冰载荷下船舶螺旋桨强度的有限元分析

论文研究了冰载荷下船舶螺旋桨的强度问题。基于冰载荷经验公式和五种典型计算工况,利用有限元法进行了冰载荷下螺旋桨的强度分析。建立了一种冰/桨叶碰撞计算模型,对碰撞过程中接触力的变化及螺旋桨的动态响应进行了研究。计算结果可供螺旋桨结构设计时参考。     

考虑水介质作用的船冰碰撞解耦方法及载荷预报

考虑水介质在船冰碰撞过程中水压变化的影响,是模拟水介质中船-冰碰撞的关键.本文开展数值模拟的动网格技术研究,基于RANS方程和改进的双相流流体体积函数VOF,实时预报船冰靠拢全过程中船体表面、冰体表面的压力变化情况.得到船体表面、冰体表面的P(V)函数.进而将水介质对船冰碰撞载荷的影响简化为对船体、冰体碰撞面预加载荷来实现,达到解耦目的.