Measurement of wave coherence properties using spaceborne synthetic aperture radar

There has been considerable recent interest in assessing the feasibility of constructing very large offshore structures with linear dimensions of over a kilometer. The climatology of very long ocean surface wave fields which might resonate with such structures fall outside the experience of conventional maritime design. Of particular importance are properties of wave coherence, i.e. wave groupiness and wave crest length. Spaceborne synthetic aperture radars produce high-resolution wave images over swaths 100 km wide or larger. In this paper, we review the theory of wave imaging by synthetic aperture radar, describe techniques to objectively measure the properties of wave groupiness and crest length, and apply these techniques to synthetic aperture radar images in the vicinity of hurricanes. We show that wave groupiness and wave long-crestedness are more prevalent than one might expect purely on the basis of the associated ocean wave spectrum.     

超低频雷达反演海洋内波波长和振幅

利用超低频雷达探测海洋内波是海洋内波探测的新方法,该方法使用1Hz～100Hz频段的电磁波探测海洋内波并反演得到内波振幅和波长等参数.根据超低频电磁波在海水中、海气界面和内波界面处的传播特性以及海洋内波水下结构特点,建立了超低频雷达反演海洋内波振幅、波长模型,并分析了探测的回波信号,仿真结果表明,使用超低频雷达可以反演得到内波振幅和波长.     

基于能量分布重叠率的海浪谱评估方法研究

海浪谱评估是非规则波的水池造波,波浪及舰船耐波性数值模拟研究中的重要一环,是其效果评价的依据。文中阐述了目前常用的几种海浪谱评估方法的优势与不足,并提出一种基于能量分布重叠率的海浪谱评估新方法。具体为:针对频谱计算其面积重叠率,针对方向谱计算其体积重叠率。试验表明,该方法过程简单、计算快捷、效果较好,是一种简单实用的海浪谱评估方法。在此基础上又针对实际评估更侧重谱形的情况,提出了一种略为复杂而精度更高的使用一阶矩的改进算法。     

不同航态下船舶运动规律仿真研究

主要根据波浪叠加理论,采用ITTC单参数标准海浪谱对随机海浪作用下船舶线性横摇、纵摇运动进行建模和仿真研究,探讨不同船型、各种航态(不同海况、不同航速、不同航向)下船舶横摇和纵摇运动规律,为进一步研究船舶的减摇预报与控制打下基础。     

Numerical study on breaking phenomena of ships’ waves in narrow and shallow waterways

The environmental impact of a ships waves, such as the risk of erosion of coasts and riverbanks, and unacceptable ship movements in a restricted waterway, is now a significant ship design criterion. Therefore, it is necessary to predict ship-wave phenomena accurately in a restricted waterway. In this study, a numerical investigation of the breaking phenomena of a ships waves in restricted waterways was carried out. Incompressible Navier–Stokes and continuity equations were employed. The equations are discretized by a finite-difference method in a curvilinear coordinate system. The interface capturing method was applied to simulation of a ships waves, including wave-breaking. A modification of the level-set method is proposed to find the free surface shape clearly and without difficulty of the implemation of the boundary conditions for the distance function. In order to obtain a high resolution of wave height, a constrained interpolated profile (CIP) algorithm is adopted. In order to check the advantage of the CIP method, computations by two numerical methods, the CIP and the 3rd-order up-wind scheme, were compared. The computations for a Wigley hull in restricted waterways were performed and compared with experiments. The phenomena of ships waves in restricted waterways are discussed in order to understand the mechanism of wave-breaking in relation to the change in water depth along a waterway.     

数值波浪水槽中的被动式消波

采用边界元方法,建立一种非线性数值波浪水槽,借助吸收海岸和被动吸收式推板消波的方法,处理波浪模拟中的消波,检验水槽内不同频率的波浪吸收效果,并长时间模拟服从JONSWAP谱的不规则波;结果表明,这种消波方法可以满足长时间计算需要,可为工程研究奠定基础。     

多向不规则波群的数值模拟

基于单向波群的数值模拟,引入方向分布函数,按给定的频谱、波群因子和方向分布参数,建立了多向波群的数值模拟方法,通过典型的算例表明方法的有效性,并对模拟结果进行了统计分析,研究了波浪群性与波浪统计特征之间的关系。     

Estimations of on-site directional wave spectra from measured ship responses

In general, two main concepts can be applied to estimate the on-site directional wave spectrum on the basis of ship response measurements: (1) a parametric method which assumes the wave spectrum to be composed by parameterised wave spectra; or (2) a non-parametric method where the directional wave spectrum is found directly as the values in a completely discretised frequency-directional domain without a priori assumptions on the spectrum. The paper outlines the theory of these two concepts, and it is shown how to deal with the speed-of-advance problem for operating ships. In addition, the methods include an equivalence of energy in the governing equations and, as regards the parametric concept, a frequency-dependent spreading of the waves is introduced.The paper includes an extensive analysis of full-scale measurements for which the directional wave spectra are estimated by the two ship response-based methods. Hence, comparisons are made between these estimates and, moreover, the agreement with the corresponding directional wave spectra produced by the wave radar system WAVEX is studied. The agreement between the two methods is reasonable, as well is the agreement between the results of these methods and those of WAVEX. It is difficult to propose one of the ship response-based methods in favour of the other, since they perform equally well.     

Spectral signature of wave breaking in surface wave components of intermediate-length scale

This paper investigates the length scale of ocean surface breaking waves in the spectral range of intermediate wavelength components a few centimeters to a few meters long. The spectral properties of wave breaking are examined first with the dissipation function of the wave action density conservation equation. The analysis reveals a strong breaking signature in wave components between 0.15 and 1.5 m long in the form of a quasi-singular behavior of the dissipation function using the present formulation of the wind-generation and breaking dissipation functions. Independent studies of more-direct breaking observations of radar tracking of sea spikes in the past have shown close correlation between sea spikes and scatterers traveling at the speed of surface waves a few meters long and much shorter than the dominant wavelength. This feature of sea-spike properties is consistent with the breaking signature of the dissipation function in similar wavelengths. The intermediate-scale waves are the primary contributor of the ocean surface mean-square slope. The close correlation between the gas transfer rate and the mean-square slope has been demonstrated repeatedly. A better understanding of the wave dynamics of intermediate-scale waves is important for clarification of various gas transfer mechanisms.     

Estimation of the wave direction of ship waves generated by a small vessel using the multiple signal classification method

It is very important to estimate the waves generated by a small vessel so as to investigate their effects on floating bodies within the scope of fisheries and ocean engineering. Simplified methods for estimating the wave heights and periods of ship waves have been presented in previous studies. However, estimating the direction of ship waves is not easy. The focus of the present study is to develop an analytical technique to determine the direction of ship waves based on the measurements in field experiments. The multiple signal classification (MUSIC) method is newly proposed for determining the direction of ship waves. For high ship speeds, the directional spectrum of ship waves estimated by MUSIC resulted in a sharp monotone peak, and the estimated directions of ship waves were very similar to the results of field experiments using an actual small vessel. The proposed MUSIC method has thus been confirmed to be effective in estimating ship wave directions with high resolution.     

沉管管节浮运过程中波浪附加阻力的水动力学分析

波浪引起的附加阻力是管节海上浮运过程中总阻力的重要组成。采用基于势流理论的水动力学软件AQWA计算了管节浮运过程中的波浪附加阻力。通过建立管节及附属结构的三维有限元模型,确定管节的几何、物理性质,建立湿表 面模型进行水动力学分析。对影响附加阻力的各因素,包括水深、航速、波浪谱及波浪要素等,进行了参数敏感性分析。计算结果表明,采用P-M谱的计算值较采用JONSWAP谱有所不同,附加阻力随水深增加而减小,阻力值与波浪周期及波浪入射角均有一定的关系,与波浪高度的平方成正比,且与拖航速度成正比。     

基于Simulink的潜器在海浪中运动的实时仿真

以随机长峰波海浪作为模型,利用流体力学和波浪理论的原理对潜器在波浪中的运动进行受力分析,建立了潜器的横摇、纵摇和起伏运动的数学模型,用S函数进行各种海况下波浪力的计算和微分方程的求解,运用Matlab中的Simulink控件对潜器在海浪中的运动进行实时仿真,结果表明该方法能够比较真实地模拟各种海况下潜器在海浪中的运动情况.     

水波传播与变形的数值模拟(英文)

A numerical approach was performed to predict the propagation and transformation of nonlinear water waves. A numerical wave flume was developed based on the non-periodic high-order spectral (HOS) method. The flume was applied to analyze the effect of wave steepness and wavelength on the propagation of nonlinear waves. The results show that for waves of low steepness, the wave profile and the wave energy spectrum are stable, and that the propagation can be predicted by the linear wave theory. For waves of moderate steepness and steep waves, the effects associated with the interactions between waves in a wave group become significant and a train of initially sinusoidal waves may drastically change its form within a short distance from its original position.     

平推式造波板运动的数值模拟

平推式推板造波机是近岸及海洋工程波浪物理模型试验中非常重要的试验设备.文章通过垂向二维数学模型,利用线性造波理论来模拟造波板运动,分析了造波板前后水体动力过程,以及当造波板后不设消波设施时,造波板至后墙距离对水体动力过程的影响.该数学模型以包含水气二相流系统的Navier-Stokes方程为基本控制方程,应用粒子Lev...     

A numerical study of nonlinear wave interaction in regular and irregular seas: irrotational Green–Naghdi model

The irrotational Green–Naghdi model for nonlinear wave propagation in deep water is developed to simulate the irregular sea surface of a given directional wave spectrum. The model is derived from Hamilton's principle with a depthwise approximation to the flow field. The nonlinear boundary conditions are exactly satisfied on the actual free surface, and the continuity equation is satisfied exactly within the fluid domain. The ‘level’ of approximation in the depthwise direction is optimally chosen to simulate a given wave spectrum accurately with minimum computational effort. Several numerical techniques also are introduced to cut the computational cost further. Numerical results for two-dimensional nonlinear waves are presented.     

印尼ADIPALA海域较长周期波浪谱分析

波浪谱是进行海岸工程设计的重要基础,不同海区、不同周期的波浪谱特性不同,因此有必要对于实际海上观测波浪的谱特性进行分析研究。针对在印尼海岸观测的较长周期波浪数据进行了波浪谱分析,给出谱特征参数与海浪统计特征值之间的关系。并基于JONSWAP谱型,对实测波浪谱进行拟合,得出适用于该海域的波浪谱公式,研究成果可为实际工程设计提供重要的参考。     

单向不规则波群的实验室模拟和分析

文章基于改进的波包谱经验公式,建议了单向不规则波群的数值模拟方法,模拟实例表明,只要给定波要素及描述波浪群性的高度特征参数和长度特征参数,即可通过此波包谱方便地模拟出同时满足给定高度和长度两方面群性特征要求的不规则波群.在此基础上,给出了在水槽指定位置处产生不规则波群的造波板控制信号计算方法,在实验室成功地模拟了同时满...     

基于Vega的虚拟海洋视景仿真研究

虚拟海洋视景仿真系统足虚拟现实技术在军事领域中的应用.由于海浪运动的随机性,虚拟海洋的计算机生成成为视景仿真领域的研究难点.文中详细讨论了两种海浪模型,重点研究Vega中海浪原理和海洋模块的计算机实现,基于Vega软件生成海浪.从效果图中可以看出,模拟的海浪效果比较好,能够满足实际应用的需求.     

基于方向谱的短峰畸形波数值模拟研究

畸形波是海洋中存在的偶然性大波,其持续时间短但危害性极大,研究畸形波的生成及演化规律有重要的现实意义。基于方向谱,通过改进的相位调制方法,提出一种短峰畸形波的数值模拟方法,提高畸形波生成的概率,实现定时定点生成畸形波,并在 Matbab 语言环境实现数值仿真。仿真结果表明：改进的最大熵方法进行谱分析,与目标谱比对证明模拟结果吻合较好。