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维持汽包水位在一定范围内是保证锅炉生产安全运行的必要条件。汽包水位过高,直接影响汽水分离的效果,使饱和蒸汽湿度增大,含盐量增多。当水位高到一定程度时,蒸汽就要带水,而水中含盐浓度远比蒸汽的高,致使蒸汽品质恶化,盐类将在过热器管壁上结垢,导致过热器管被烧坏、爆破,严重时会导致汽轮机进水。若汽包水位过低,则破坏了锅炉的汽水自然循环,致使水冷壁管被烧坏,严重缺水时还会发生爆管等事故。因此,汽包水位测量仪表的应用是保证余热锅炉稳定安全运行的重要的环节。 相似文献
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针对一台汽轮机主蒸汽疏水管爆管事故,通过宏观检查爆口外观、分析管材成分变化、分析金相组织变化、检查弯头减薄、检查强度变化等,分析了疏水管爆管失效的原因。确定材质劣化和介质冲刷严重造成管壁减薄是疏水管爆管事故的原因。提出了相应的建议和措施,确保设备安全运行。 相似文献
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ERW输油管道试压爆裂原因分析及安全评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
某新建的273.1mm×6.0mmX52ERW输油管道在试压过程中发生了多起爆裂事故。对输油管道爆裂事故进行了深入的调查研究,对爆裂的管线管断口和裂纹进行了宏观分析和微观分析,对管线管焊缝质量和材质进行了全面试验分析。认为管线管爆裂原因主要是在电阻焊过程中工艺不当,产生了未焊透缺陷和裂纹,在试压过程中管线管从这些原始的焊接缺陷位置发生了爆裂事故。采用失效评估诊断技术和Mente-Carlo失效概率技术对试压合格的管线进行了适用性评价(Fitness-forser-vice),认为管线管经过压力试验后仍存在小的未焊透缺陷和裂纹,带有这些焊接缺陷的管线按设计的压力运行可能会发生爆裂事故,因此该管线应当降压运行。经过分析给出了该管线最大运行压力。 相似文献
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供水管网爆管事故分析与对策探讨 总被引:16,自引:1,他引:15
对爆管的概念进行定义 ,区分爆管事故与漏水事故 ,分析爆管产生的原因 ,总结爆管事故的规律。提出可以建立爆管预测模型 ,通过科学管理和管网技术改造 ,有效减少爆管事故的发生率 ,提高供水系统安全性 相似文献
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由于油田注汽锅炉的先天缺陷及操作技术等客观因素的影响 ,使炉管内不可避免地产生水垢和腐蚀。导致锅炉系统压力增高 ,压差增大 ,降低了锅炉热效率。严重时还会造成爆管事故。结合除垢施工过程所发现的问题 ,就锅炉结垢的原因及处理方法做进一步的探讨 相似文献
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对流受热面管束爆管事故占工业燃油锅炉各类事故的60%以上,分析了结构设计、水质、燃料、积灰、施工等主要因素对工业燃油锅炉对流管束爆管事故产生的影响,并针对性地提出了预防工业燃油锅炉对流管束爆管事故的措施.现场运行结果表明,预防措施有效. 相似文献
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Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD). An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip. It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links. 相似文献
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《Transportation Research Part A: General》1991,25(6):407-418
The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda. 相似文献
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介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。 相似文献
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明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。 相似文献
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天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本. 相似文献
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Joseph N. Prashker 《Transportation》1979,8(4):329-346
Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area. 相似文献
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