锅炉汽包水位测量选择及应用

维持汽包水位在一定范围内是保证锅炉生产安全运行的必要条件。汽包水位过高，直接影响汽水分离的效果，使饱和蒸汽湿度增大，含盐量增多。当水位高到一定程度时，蒸汽就要带水，而水中含盐浓度远比蒸汽的高，致使蒸汽品质恶化，盐类将在过热器管壁上结垢，导致过热器管被烧坏、爆破，严重时会导致汽轮机进水。若汽包水位过低，则破坏了锅炉的汽水自然循环，致使水冷壁管被烧坏，严重缺水时还会发生爆管等事故。因此，汽包水位测量仪表的应用是保证余热锅炉稳定安全运行的重要的环节。     

电站锅炉水冷壁管严重腐蚀原因分析及处理

对一电站锅炉水冷壁管发生严重腐蚀爆裂处,通过宏观检查裂口外观、显微镜检查腐蚀坑底部金相组织、化学分析管材成分变化等情况,分析了水冷壁管爆裂失效的原因。结果表明:锅炉生产冷凝回水出现异常是引起锅炉水冷壁管严重腐蚀的直接原因。避免和防止同类事故的再次发生,确保锅炉及化工生产正常安全经济运行。     

汽轮机主蒸汽疏水管爆管失效分析

针对一台汽轮机主蒸汽疏水管爆管事故,通过宏观检查爆口外观、分析管材成分变化、分析金相组织变化、检查弯头减薄、检查强度变化等,分析了疏水管爆管失效的原因。确定材质劣化和介质冲刷严重造成管壁减薄是疏水管爆管事故的原因。提出了相应的建议和措施,确保设备安全运行。     

ERW输油管道试压爆裂原因分析及安全评价

某新建的273.1mm×6.0mmX52ERW输油管道在试压过程中发生了多起爆裂事故。对输油管道爆裂事故进行了深入的调查研究,对爆裂的管线管断口和裂纹进行了宏观分析和微观分析,对管线管焊缝质量和材质进行了全面试验分析。认为管线管爆裂原因主要是在电阻焊过程中工艺不当,产生了未焊透缺陷和裂纹,在试压过程中管线管从这些原始的焊接缺陷位置发生了爆裂事故。采用失效评估诊断技术和Mente-Carlo失效概率技术对试压合格的管线进行了适用性评价(Fitness-forser-vice),认为管线管经过压力试验后仍存在小的未焊透缺陷和裂纹,带有这些焊接缺陷的管线按设计的压力运行可能会发生爆裂事故,因此该管线应当降压运行。经过分析给出了该管线最大运行压力。     

供水管网爆管事故分析与对策探讨

对爆管的概念进行定义 ,区分爆管事故与漏水事故 ,分析爆管产生的原因 ,总结爆管事故的规律。提出可以建立爆管预测模型 ,通过科学管理和管网技术改造 ,有效减少爆管事故的发生率 ,提高供水系统安全性     

管式注汽锅炉结垢成因分析及处理方法研究

由于油田注汽锅炉的先天缺陷及操作技术等客观因素的影响 ,使炉管内不可避免地产生水垢和腐蚀。导致锅炉系统压力增高 ,压差增大 ,降低了锅炉热效率。严重时还会造成爆管事故。结合除垢施工过程所发现的问题 ,就锅炉结垢的原因及处理方法做进一步的探讨     

基于水锤模拟的长输管道运行薄弱段分析

结合国内某长距离输水管道工程实例,通过水锤模拟对输水管道进行典型工况分析,确定输水管道易发生爆管的薄弱地段,并判断其危险等级。结果表明：对长距离输水系统进行典型工况水锤模拟可有效判断管道薄弱位置,通过对爆管事故内因、外因分析可预测管道薄弱段发生事故时危害程度。针对不同工程特点进行长输管道运行薄弱段分析,可提高供水可靠性,为管道安全运行管理提供依据。     

基于GIS的供水管网爆管分析

介绍了地理信息系统应用到供水管网爆管分析中的重要性。完善的爆管关阀分析,可将因爆管造成的损失降到最小。基于地理信息系统的供水管网爆管分析,提出了虚拟的管段概念,并为爆管事故分析建立了逻辑网络模型,使得在供水管网发生爆管事故时,能及时迅速地找到应当关闭的阀门。     

工业油炉对流受热面管束爆管原因及预防

对流受热面管束爆管事故占工业燃油锅炉各类事故的60%以上,分析了结构设计、水质、燃料、积灰、施工等主要因素对工业燃油锅炉对流管束爆管事故产生的影响,并针对性地提出了预防工业燃油锅炉对流管束爆管事故的措施.现场运行结果表明,预防措施有效.     

对波纹换热管应力和刚度的有限元分析

通过利用ANSYS软件,模拟薄壁波纹换热管的约束和受力状况,分析其应力和应变的结果,在理论上得到了薄壁波纹换热管的应力和应变(刚度)的分布规律,并和实验结果作了比较。     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

Applicability of disaggregate models of behaviour: A question of methodology

The paper considers the possibility of quantitative analysis of behaviour, with particular reference to travel behaviour, from a methodological standpoint. The chief conclusion is that the nature of the subject implies that disaggregate statistical analysis is the most useful technique. The relationship of this methodology to theoretical issues is discussed, concluding that general theoretical issues are not susceptible to empirical resolution. The theoretical framework essential to analysis or forecasting of behaviour must therefore be established a priori The paper concludes with a discussion of the practical problems and achievements of disaggregate analysis.     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

Direct analysis of the perceived importance of attributes of reliability of travel modes in urban travel

Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area.     

盾构隧道管片接头抗剪力学性能研究

通过对南京长江盾构隧道环向管片接头进行的三组原型抗剪(无螺栓剪切、有螺栓逆剪和有螺栓顺剪)加载试验,分析研究了管片接头在剪力作用下的受力、变形和破坏特征,给出了管片接头混凝土接触面的静摩擦系数,得到了接头剪力主要由混凝土接触面承担、破坏形式为连接斜螺栓剪切延性破坏的结论。通过对管片结构的有限元数值模拟计算得出:接头处的剪力与轴力比小于接缝面的摩擦系数,管片不会发生相互错动,结构是稳定的。