某副机高压油泵卡阻故障原因分析及防范措施

发电柴油机高压油泵柱塞卡阻故障频频引发严重机损事故。为了防范高压油泵柱塞卡阻故障发生,本文分析了造成高压油泵柱塞卡阻的可能原因,并在此基础上,从高压油泵装配以及轮机舱管理等多个角度给出防范措施,以供轮机人员参考。     

从燃油成分分析副机高压油泵的卡阻原因

船舶柴油机发电机大型化,使用HFO380CST高黏度燃油,频繁出现高压油泵卡阻,造成船舶跳电的紧张现象。通过拆解高压油泵,分析查找原因,比对使用燃油的成分,数据分析,采取精细分离燃油的措施,得以改善,避免高压油泵卡阻损坏的现象。     

某散货船转舵卡阻故障分析及处理方法

描述了某轮在试航期间主机处于高转速时出现的转舵卡阻现象,运用故障分析计算和风洞试验,分析了导致该故障的原因,最终给出并阐述了解决该轮转舵卡阻现象的解决方案。对同类型船舶舵系的设计具有现实意义,并对日后CCS规范的修改有一定的参考价值。     

举升滚动式修井机滑移卡阻分析与设计优化

针对举升滚动式滑移系统常见的滑移问题,采用实测值与理论值差值分析和有限元分析等方法分析滑移卡阻成因,采取增设连接结构、优化限位导向块结构形式、控制支点反力、配置操作阀、标准化滑轨设计、设置滑移刻度标识等预控措施,可以有效地避免滑移卡阻现象的发生。     

MG-800调速器系统的维护保养和微动磨损

此文从一次MG-800电子调速器伺服马达卡阻现象,简要论述了该调速器的工作原理、零位恢复,分析了卡阻原因、微动磨损机理和日常维护保养要点,可供使用此类调速器的船舶参考。     

救生艇艉轴解体检修方法和咬死原因分析

去年,中海油运有几艘VLCC配置的22TECB救生艇相继发生艉轴咬死、卡阻等事故,给船员的生命安全造成很大隐患。本文在救生艇的抢修工作,总结出了一套比较简便的艉轴解体检修方法,并且根据解体后观察到的实际情况分析判定该型救生艇艉轴容易咬死、卡阻的原因,从而制定出防止该类事故重复发生的针对性措施。     

闸室异物对船闸人字门运行的影响及对策分析*

针对船闸运行过程中伴生的闸室异物沉积现象，分析闸室异物对人字门设备运行和通航效率的影响。通过研制人字门底止水防卡阻装置，创新性地提出了一种防止异物掉落卡阻人字门的结构形式。在三峡船闸现场安装后，证明该装置可有效保护人字门运行安全，提高通航效率。该成果具有较大的推广应用价值，可促进船闸行业人字门设计制造技术的发展。     

主机起动故障和个别缸不发火故障的排除

某轮主机多次出现起动失败故障,出现单缸喷油不发火和发火起动空气管烧红的故障,通过分析排查,起动失败主因是空气分配器卡咬,单缸不发火和起动空气管烧红是因气缸起动阀卡阻.多次出现险情,顺利应急处理,化险为夷.通过自修,彻底排除起动和发火故障.     

XX轮CPP卡阻检修

针对某轮主推进器CPP频繁发生卡阻,本文通过对其工作原理和故障分析,找到解决故障的方法,对我们排除类似故障,提高管理水平很有意义。     

某型主机高压油泵柱塞偶件卡阻实例

<正>0 引言某船队的MAN BW MC-C型主机在最近1年多次发生高压油泵柱塞偶件卡阻的故障,导致多艘船舶被取消进港,给船舶带来安全隐患,造成一定的经济损失和负面影响。笔者结合几起典型案例,分析该型主机高压油泵柱塞偶件卡阻的原因,并提出有针对性的措施,以减少同类事故的发生。1 典型案例(1)A轮(主机型号为MAN BW 6S80MC-C MK VII)在进靠国内北方某港口期间,当机动用车时主机4#缸高压油泵发生故障,应急单     

可伸缩式海工栈桥分类详解

介绍了可伸缩式海工栈桥的主要功能和分类,功能上分为主动补偿和被动补偿型以及其他类型,用途上分为油气行业和风电运维行业应用,尺寸上可分为小型、中型和大型,今后的分类的方法会更加科学和合理,为我国各类可伸缩海工栈桥研发的标准化、系列化提供依据。     

土工合成材料在堤坝工程中的应用

通过分析近年来土工合成材料在长江口深水航道、洋山港、太仓港、吕四港、宁波港、曹妃甸等具有代表性的堤坝工程中的应用情况,系统总结了土工合成材料在堤坝工程中的应用经验,可对同类工程有所借鉴.     

后张预应力空心板在港口工程中的应用

由于后张预应力空心板的体积较小、预制安装简单方便,有利于规模化生产、运输和安装,已广泛应用于我国公路桥梁工程的上部结构中.结合福建地区港口工程中以后张预应力空心板作为上部结构的实例,介绍后张预应力空心板的设计、预制和安装的要点,并针对施工期空心板加载试验数据进行分析,总结在港口工程中采用后张预应力空心板的经验,供类似工...     

危险货物集装箱水上运输风险与管理对策

随着海上运输方式的不断发展,集装箱运输以其安全、高效、便利、快捷的优点,赢得市场青睐。近年来,海运危险货物不断呈现出集装化和散装化趋势,集装箱运输的危险货物量越来越多,事故发生率在逐年增加。文中以现有的法律、法规和规范为依据,结合实际工作经验,阐述了危险货物集装箱水上运输的安全监管对策。     

Differences in emission of nitrogen and phosphorus into the Vistula and Oder basins in 1995-2008 — Natural and anthropogenic causes (MONERIS model)

The aim of the modeling studies (MONERIS) was to estimate annual source apportioned nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) emissions into the Vistula and Oder basins in 1995-2008, thus, during the transition period in Poland, characterized by changes in both agricultural sector and handling of point source pollution. N and P emissions into both basins showed declining tendencies. Between the sub-periods 1995-2002 and 2003-2008, the overall N emission into the Vistula and Oder basins decreased by 16-17% (i.e. by ca. 26,900 tons in the Vistula and by ca. 18,000 tons in the Oder basin); P emission declined by 23% in the Vistula and by 32% in the Oder basins (i.e. by ca. 3400 tons in the Vistula and by ca. 2200 tons in the Oder basin). The temporal patterns of N and P emission into the Vistula and Oder basins, as well as the percentage contribution of N and P pathways (particularly: overland flow, tile drainage, groundwater, waste water treatment plants) showed great differences between the basins. Natural (type of bedrock, soil type, lake area) and anthropogenic (regionally and temporarily different type and intensity of agricultural activity, spatially different structural changes in agriculture during the transition period, regionally and temporarily different investment in waste water treatment plans) factors were found to be responsible for the differences, and the relationships are extensively discussed in the paper. In 1995-2008, 70% of N emission into both river basins was via groundwater and tile drainage, with the former playing more important role in the Vistula basin, and the latter playing more important role in the Oder basin; contribution of N emission from point sources was comparable in both rivers and it reached 11-12%. In 1995-2008, point sources, erosion, overland flow, and urban systems were found the most important P pathways in both basins, with a higher percentage contribution of point sources in the Oder basin.     

无人船在港口水域海事监管中的应用探讨

近年来,随着与船舶自主航行相关的信息技术、人工智能技术水平的提高,无人船舶行业取得了长足的发展,其在海上安保、环境监测等领域应用也越来越成熟。为推动无人船在海事管理方面的应用研究,破解港口水域海事监管手段不足的瓶颈问题,文中在分析港口水域海事监管特点和无人船系统建设条件的基础上,定量研究了无人船在港口水域海事监管应用面临的性能指标确定、船型平台选择、载荷设备搭配、运行管理体系建设等方面的具体问题,提出了一种港口水域海事监管无人船系统的应用解决方案。     

航道护岸工程中基槽边坡稳定研究

航道护岸工程中经常发生基槽边坡滑坡失稳事故，从而造成经济和安全问题。因此，就滑坡发生机理进行研究对保障航道护岸工程顺利建设有重大意义。从极限平衡原理出发，分别运用Fellenius法和Bishop法验算了苏北某航道护岸工程开挖边坡的设计稳定性，并分析比较两种方法的差异，得出了在多层土的计算中有时会出现Fellenius法比Bishop法的安全系数略大的结论。结合工程实际中可能出现的渗流和超载等因素，计算得到边坡安全系数的变化规律和极限平衡状态时的临界负荷，从而提出了相应的预防渗流、控制超载等措施，可以为航道护岸建设提供参考。     

长江口南汇边滩短期冲淤变化分析

南汇边滩位于长江口和杭州湾的交汇地带,受长江口和杭州湾北岸两股潮流的控制,近年来由于低潮滩促淤围垦工程导致其水流和泥沙运移、沉积和地貌发生了显著的变化。根据2006—2008年南汇边滩测图及2007年11月—2008年11月每个季度的9个断面测量资料,结合区域内的泥沙沉积特征,探讨南汇边滩对周边涉水围垦工程和流域来水来沙变异做出适应性地貌耦合过程之后的近期冲淤演变规律,着重探讨季节性冲淤特征。结果表明:年度上南汇东滩以淤长为主,南汇南滩以冲刷为主。不同季节南汇边滩冲淤变化过程存在很大差异:平面上,南汇边滩等深线夏、冬季以淤进为主,春、秋季以蚀退为主;垂向上,南汇东滩断面呈春夏秋冲淤交替、冬季淤积的态势,南汇嘴断面呈秋季冲刷、冬夏季淤积的态势,而位于南汇南滩的断面则呈秋冬季冲刷、春夏季淤积态势。南汇东滩沉积物粒径总体上较细,东滩与南滩交汇处的南汇嘴附近中值粒径相对较粗,南汇南滩浅滩沉积物颗粒中值粒径最粗。     

港珠澳大桥对伶仃洋水沙环境的影响

利用珠江口伶仃洋海域实测水文、泥沙及水深测量等现场实测资料分析,建立了南起万山群岛、北至虎门、东起汲水门、西至珠海—澳门的港珠澳大桥整体物理模型,研究工程实施对伶仃洋诸港口、伶仃航道、铜鼓航道及附近海域流场、潮位和水深变化的影响。结果表明:港珠澳大桥实施对潮流、潮位的影响仅在桥轴线上下游各4 km的范围内,对伶仃航道、铜鼓航道通航基本没有影响。     

Exploring the effects of passenger rail franchising in Britain: Evidence from the first two rounds of franchising (1997-2008)

This paper provides an up-to-date review of the previous literature concerning the impact of passenger rail franchising on productivity and costs in Britain, and also presents important new evidence. In particular, the extension in time of previously-used datasets offers the first opportunity to study the impacts of re-franchising. The previous literature emphasised the failure of franchising to produce sustained productivity gains, with a sharp deterioration in productivity after 2000. The new evidence presented offers a somewhat more positive view of the British experience. It suggests that part of what was previously considered to be falling productivity may in fact be due to exogenous changes in diesel prices. Further, new data suggests that the recent increases in costs have resulted in higher quality of service. Finally, competitive re-franchising, and the associated unwinding of short-term management and re-negotiated contracts, seems to have led to improvements in productivity between 2006 and 2008. Nevertheless, it remains the case that passenger rail franchising in Britain has failed to reduce costs in the way experienced in many other industries and in rail in other European countries. The evidence is that somewhat larger franchises, avoiding overlapping and optimising train density and length, should reduce costs. We also speculate that the major increase in wages and conditions of staff might be moderated by longer franchises, although that remains to be proved. This re-appraisal of the British case is important in the context of the wider international interest in the use of franchising in passenger rail, and its relevance to the current review of ways of introducing competition into the domestic rail passenger market in Europe.