SIMOVERT—A型变频调速装置

交流异步电动机的调速性能直接决定船舶辅机的效率，介绍西门子公司设计制造的变频调速装置，分析该调速装置的电路结构、工作原理、调节方法和运行方式及其在新型船舶应用中产生的效益。     

柴-柴联合动力装置调速系统故障分析

为了让船员深入认识柴-柴联合动力装置中的调速系统,并分析和排除相关故障,介绍了柴-柴联合动力装置的概念、调速器EUROPA 2231的工作模式和相应原理及柴-柴联合动力装置中调速系统的原理.结合装置使用过程中常见的故障现象,对各种可能产生故障的原因进行了分类和深入分析.最后,为船员提供了一些建议,以尽量避免在使用中发生调速系统相关故障.     

装卸机械调速及其速度自适应控制

随着自动控制技术的发展，对港口装卸机械的调速性能提出了更高的要求，本文结合带励磁控制的晶管装置供电的直流调速系统，阐述自适应控制的目的、原理和方法，并结合实例作特性分析。     

水电站调速装置的技术改造

早前,水电站调速装置大部分运用的是机械液压调速器,随着科学技术是高速发展,机械液压调速器已经满足不了水电站自控水准,因此水电站调速装置的技术改造势在必行.阐述了水电站调速装置现状,分析了其存在的普遍问题,基于YWT型可编程调速器技术,提出了水电站调速装置的技术改造措施.     

船模拖曳水池拖车控制系统研究

介绍本所2号船舶拖曳试验水池船模施车多电机直流调速控制系统的主要工作原理，控制方式及运行效果。该系统选用西门子新一代的6RA70系列直流调速装置作为核心控制器，较好地实现了船模拖车速度的控制要求。     

基于单片机的机舱温度自动控制系统的设计

设计了一台基于单片机控制的机舱温度自动控制系统的原理样机,对系统的温度测量、红外遥控、液晶显示、异步电动机调速控制等主要电路进行了分析和设计。原理样机的实验表明,所设计的装置能依据机舱温度自动调节风量来控制舱室的温度。     

舰船主柴油机双机并车控制仿真技术的研究

从对舰船主柴油机调速的工作原理分析入手,介绍现在常用的3种舰船主柴油机双机并车运行控制技术的原理和特点,然后,利用现在比较流行的仿真应用软件Matlab,建立主柴油机、调速系统和推进装置的仿真模型,并对功率反馈调速器进行仿真试验研究,阐明计算机仿真技术在舰船主柴油机双机并车控制技术研究中的作用。     

6RA24中逻辑无环流控制器的分析

6RA24是西门子公司生产的一种全数字直流调速装置，本文主要对其中一个较关键的功能块——逻辑无环流控制器——的参数设计原理进行分析。     

永磁涡流调速技术在风机水泵调速中的适用性分析

本文分析了永磁涡流调速技术应用在风机水泵类负载中,滑差功率损耗与转速的关系。推导出永磁涡流调速装置啮合长度与临界转差率、最大转矩的公式。通过对比分析风机水泵类负载的特性曲线与永磁涡流调速传动装置的转矩-转速特性曲线,得出了永磁涡流调速装置使用时会产生转速突变,传递的转矩不能满足风机水泵负载的要求。     

变频调速技术在卸船机振动给料器上的应用

1　概况我公司1 994年引进的KONE卸船机,其送料系统的振动给料器采用滑差离合器调速来控制电机运行速度,从而实现送料流量控制。该滑差系统主要由滑差装置、异步电机、反馈用测速发电机和速度控制板等几部分组成,见图1。原滑差调速系统工作原理为:控制回路收到司机室发出的振动     

Exploring the effects of passenger rail franchising in Britain: Evidence from the first two rounds of franchising (1997-2008)

This paper provides an up-to-date review of the previous literature concerning the impact of passenger rail franchising on productivity and costs in Britain, and also presents important new evidence. In particular, the extension in time of previously-used datasets offers the first opportunity to study the impacts of re-franchising. The previous literature emphasised the failure of franchising to produce sustained productivity gains, with a sharp deterioration in productivity after 2000. The new evidence presented offers a somewhat more positive view of the British experience. It suggests that part of what was previously considered to be falling productivity may in fact be due to exogenous changes in diesel prices. Further, new data suggests that the recent increases in costs have resulted in higher quality of service. Finally, competitive re-franchising, and the associated unwinding of short-term management and re-negotiated contracts, seems to have led to improvements in productivity between 2006 and 2008. Nevertheless, it remains the case that passenger rail franchising in Britain has failed to reduce costs in the way experienced in many other industries and in rail in other European countries. The evidence is that somewhat larger franchises, avoiding overlapping and optimising train density and length, should reduce costs. We also speculate that the major increase in wages and conditions of staff might be moderated by longer franchises, although that remains to be proved. This re-appraisal of the British case is important in the context of the wider international interest in the use of franchising in passenger rail, and its relevance to the current review of ways of introducing competition into the domestic rail passenger market in Europe.     

Intrusions of eastern North Atlantic central waters and phytoplankton in the north and northwestern Iberian shelf during spring

The influence of intrusions of eastern North Atlantic central water (ENACW) in the north and northwestern Iberian shelf on phytoplankton composition and abundance and on particle-size distributions of seston was analyzed using data collected on three extensive cruises during spring 1991 and 1992. Water with temperature and salinity values between 12.20 and 13.86 °C and between 35.66 and 35.98 psu, respectively, characteristics of the subtropical type of ENACW (ENACW_t), was detected in the upper 100 m of the water-column in all cruises, but particularly in the western coast in 1992. The highest salinity values of this water were found near the surface (0–100-m depth) and in early spring 1992, while minimum salinity values, and also minimum geographical extension, were found in late spring in both years. Phytoplankton blooms concentrated in frontal areas between different water types, with maximum intensity and extension in early spring.Using temperature and salinity characteristics, samples were classified in four groups corresponding to the major water types found in the region: Bay of Biscay central water (BBCW), two segments of ENACW of different salinity and surface water influenced by continental runoff. This classification was significantly confirmed by three independent discriminant analyses using hydrographic and chemical (dissolved nutrients and chlorophyll) variables, phytoplankton species abundance variables and particle-size concentration of seston variables. Phytoplankton blooms related to the presence of saline waters were characterized by the dominance of either chain-forming diatoms or a mixture of diatoms and phytoflagellates and high concentrations of seston. The diatom species dominating in saline waters were typical of upwelling-induced blooms occurring generally during summer. Blooms occurring in waters influenced by runoff also contained diatoms but in lower numbers than those of saline waters. Nutrients were not exhausted in the region, suggesting that phytoplankton populations were still in active growth. These results are interpreted taking into account the known variability in water-mass formation and in the poleward current driving ENACW_t along the shelf, and indicate that saline intrusions are a major feature affecting the distribution and composition of plankton in the spring in the southern Bay of Biscay, thus enlarging to a wider spatial scale their reported influence on the pelagic ecosystem.     

土工合成材料在堤坝工程中的应用

通过分析近年来土工合成材料在长江口深水航道、洋山港、太仓港、吕四港、宁波港、曹妃甸等具有代表性的堤坝工程中的应用情况,系统总结了土工合成材料在堤坝工程中的应用经验,可对同类工程有所借鉴.     

风浪中螺旋桨水动力变化的实用计算方法

风浪中螺旋桨水动力变化规律是研究舰船在风浪中速航性能的重要方面。本文参照有关文献,提出了一种计算风浪中螺旋桨推力、转矩损失的实用定量计算方法,既可用于较精确地估算舰船在风浪中的增阻和失速,还可供提高舰船在风浪中速航性的研究和螺旋桨设计参考。     

Decentralized Coastal Zone Management in Malaysia and Indonesia: A Comparative Perspective 1

Transferring decision-making process from central to local government and enhancing the role of local communities in managing coastal zones is an increasing commitment by governments in Southeast Asia. This article analyzes decentralized coastal zone management in two neighboring countries, Malaysia and Indonesia. The Federal system in Malaysia is argued to be able to influence more decentralized coastal zone management and to promote community-based management approaches. Meanwhile, the large diversity of coastal resources and communities combined with a still as yet tested decentralization policy in Indonesia is argued to bring more challenges in implementing the decentralization and community-based approaches in coastal zones. The lessons learned in this study provide insight in how far decentralized coastal zone management has taken place in Malaysia and Indonesia. The significant differences in the pattern of coastal zone management in these two countries are discussed in detail. This study recognizes that co-management and community-based approaches can be appropriate in dealing with coastal zone management. This comparative perspective is important to the development of a bigger picture of sustainable coastal zone management processes and cross-regional knowledge-sharing in Southeast Asia.     

Exploring relationships between recruitment of European hake (Merluccius merluccius L. 1758) and environmental factors in the Ligurian Sea and the Strait of Sicily (Central Mediterranean)

This paper explores the relationships between the spatial patterns of the distribution of the young hakes of the year (YOY) and the oceanographical features in two areas of the Central Mediterranean (the Ligurian Sea and the Strait of Sicily), characterised by the occurrence of straits and channels. Comparative and correlative approaches were used to investigate coupling between biological and physical patterns. Density indices of the YOY were derived from annual trawl surveys from 1994 to 2004 in spring and autumn. Mean patterns of the YOY distributions were compared with the mesoscale oceanographical features reported in literature. No evident trends in recruitment strength were found in either areas. Inter-annual variability in YOY abundance in the Ligurian Sea was higher than in the Strait of Sicily. The location of nursery grounds in the study areas coincides with zones of relatively higher production, where upwelling and other enrichment processes regularly occur. The presence of predictable eddies and the frontal systems play a major role in the localization of nursery areas in the Strait of Sicily, maintaining their stable position throughout the years. The strongest transport of southern waters from the Tyrrhenian to the Ligurian Sea, due to the East Corsica Current, which is negatively correlated to winter North Atlantic Oscillation, is associated with the highest abundance of hake recruits in the nurseries of the Northern Ligurian Sea.     

军事中的人机结合与作战自动化研究

信息化作战不仅使战场环境更加复杂多变,而且使得作战节奏加倍提升,指挥自动化在作战中显得越来越重要。文章分析和探究了军事领域中人机结合的演化模式和作战指挥自动化问题,从宏观层次阐述了科技进步对技术装备开发与作战指挥模式的影响机理,总结了它们之间的内在关系,这对于作战指挥的研究与军事技术的创新都具有理论指导意义。     

无人船在港口水域海事监管中的应用探讨

近年来,随着与船舶自主航行相关的信息技术、人工智能技术水平的提高,无人船舶行业取得了长足的发展,其在海上安保、环境监测等领域应用也越来越成熟。为推动无人船在海事管理方面的应用研究,破解港口水域海事监管手段不足的瓶颈问题,文中在分析港口水域海事监管特点和无人船系统建设条件的基础上,定量研究了无人船在港口水域海事监管应用面临的性能指标确定、船型平台选择、载荷设备搭配、运行管理体系建设等方面的具体问题,提出了一种港口水域海事监管无人船系统的应用解决方案。     

半刚性基层沥青铺面结构在集装箱港区道路中的应用

将半刚性基层沥青铺面结构应用于上海外高桥集装箱港区道路,在国内尚属首创。针对港区道路的特点,结合上海地区水文、地质和建材供应条件及港区生产使用功能要求,通过调查分析和总结集装箱港区已建类似工程道路铺面结构使用情况,分析论证相关施工技术方案,并进行必要的试验,对于半刚性基层沥青铺面结构在应用过程中遇到的各种技术问题,提出了较系统的处理办法。     

Advances in the prediction of spudcan punch-through in double-layered soils

Punch-through failure of jack-up spudcan foundations occurs in active oil and gas drilling exploration regions, where relatively stiff soil overlies soft marine layer. Therefore, installation of spudcan foundations in such seabed formations threatens the stability of the jack-up rig. A site-specific assessment of the potential and severity of failure must be completed before the commencement of the installation. However, the accuracy of the prediction is limited by the validity of the design method currently in use. This paper presents advances in the prediction of punch-through failure of jack-up platforms in sand/stiff clay over soft clay soils. New analytical models for spudcan installation in double-layered soils are reviewed and compared to the existing methods in the ISO 19905-1 standard and SNAME standard. The capabilities and limitations of each method are summarised and recommendations are drawn for the theoretical predictions of spudcan punch-through in double-layered soils.