散热器翅片参数对其性能的影响研究

为研究散热器翅片参数对其性能的影响,运用AMESim软件搭建某商用车发动机冷却系统,研究散热器翅片参数对其性能的影响。研究表明:散热器的外翅片间距对其散热能力有较大影响,随着翅片间距,散热器换热能力增大;散热器内翅片间距的变化并不会对散热器的散热性能造成明显影响;散热器内翅片的高度不宜过小。     

汽车发动机舱散热组件布局仿真优化

鉴于由冷凝器、散热器和冷却风扇组成的汽车散热组件的布置直接影响整车的散热性能,本文中以提升进风量为目标,对某车型的冷凝器、散热器和冷却风扇三者间的距离关系进行优化。首先采用计算流体力学仿真,比较了冷凝器单独前移和冷凝器与散热器一同前移两种方案,发现后一种方案能更好地提升散热组件的进风量。然后采用正交试验方法,对冷凝器、散热器和冷却风扇的间距进行优化,获得散热组件的最佳布置方案。最后实车试验验证结果表明,与原车相比,优化后工况Ⅰ和工况Ⅱ下的散热器进风量分别提高了29.95%和4.54%,改善了整车的散热性能。     

基于场协同理论的卡车冷却模块散热性能优化

在传统卡车热管理系统设计中往往将冷凝器布置在轻卡一侧,如今随着散热器性能的换热性能的提高,可以将冷凝器集成在散热器前方,以求降低整车成本与紧凑前舱布置,为优化采用集成冷凝器方案后的冷却模块散热性能,本文采用STAR CCM+软件对某款卡车前舱进行模拟计算,获取了不同前置冷凝器布置位置下的前舱中的速度场与温度场,在此基础上利用场协同理论对其换热效果进行了分析,确定将冷凝器布置在散热器中部为最优布置方案。     

基于场协同原理的车用散热器内流场优化

针对汽车散热器在实车环境中内、外流场不均匀对散热性能影响无法判断的问题,提出采用场协同原理分析对流散热结果。首先建立发动机舱前端冷却模块模型,结合已有的经验公式和数值仿真方法对模型进行简化;其次运用多尺度耦合分析散热器在内部热介质流场和外部冷介质流场下的流动传热特性,并通过试验对仿真模型进行验证;最后利用场协同原理分析散热器散热特性,并提出内流场优化思路。优化结果表明,在散热器最为严苛的工况下,散热管表面温度标准差提高了29.01%,出水温度降低了1.32℃。     

商用车多风扇冷却模块匹配研究EI北大核心CSCD

为解决后置发动机商用车的多风扇-冷却模块匹配问题,以路试满足散热要求的中冷器、散热器和单个风扇串联布置的冷却模块为基础,利用散热器和风扇的风洞测试数据,对中冷器、散热器和多个风扇组成的不同冷却模块方案进行匹配分析。结果表明:在传统中冷器-散热器串联布置方案中,依靠增加电动风扇数量对散热性能提升的空间有限,难以满足散热需求;中冷器-多风扇,散热器-多风扇的分布式布置方案满足发动机标定转矩点的散热需求;在标定功率工况时,中冷器-风扇模块能满足散热需求;而通过进一步改进散热器和增加电动风扇的数量,散热器-风扇模块也可以满足散热需求。     

商用车多风扇冷却模块匹配研究

为解决后置发动机商用车的多风扇-冷却模块匹配问题,以路试满足散热要求的中冷器、散热器和单个风扇串联布置的冷却模块为基础,利用散热器和风扇的风洞测试数据,对中冷器、散热器和多个风扇组成的不同冷却模块方案进行匹配分析。结果表明:在传统中冷器-散热器串联布置方案中,依靠增加电动风扇数量对散热性能提升的空间有限,难以满足散热需求;中冷器-多风扇,散热器-多风扇的分布式布置方案满足发动机标定转矩点的散热需求;在标定功率工况时,中冷器-风扇模块能满足散热需求;而通过进一步改进散热器和增加电动风扇的数量,散热器-风扇模块也可以满足散热需求。     

多风扇冷却模块节能控制的试验研究

为降低多风扇冷却模块风扇功耗,搭建了模块性能测试平台,对由4个冷却单元(风扇+散热器)不同组合构成的模块方案进行试验研究。结果表明:在对比4种不同模块性能的基础上提出的基于散热量要求的分段式控制方案可满足不同工况下风扇的节能要求。接着通过进一步改进发现,在风扇通风道上增设可调节的百叶窗,可使低散热需求段的模块性能提升7.27%~17.73%;而将散热器低、高温区域风扇转速比调至0.9时,又可使模块性能进一步提高约1.02%~2.13%。     

商用车散热器主片开裂故障分析

针对某型商用车散热器主片开裂故障,利用有限元分析方法对散热器的动态应力进行了理论分析。利用CATIA建立散热器三维模型,在ANSA中建立有限元模型,用扫频模态测试验证了有限元模型的准确性,用PERMAS求解散热器主片的动态应力。研究表明,理论计算的散热器主片所受到的最大应力位置与故障散热器的失效位置吻合。通过对冷却模块原有结构的改善,使散热器主片最大应力下降了30.3%,最后通过试验验证,证明了改善方案的有效性。     

上海世博会燃料电池汽车散热器性能研究

介绍了2010年上海世博会燃料电池汽车项目散热器模块的设计方案,通过理论计算得到了各散热器的散热量,基本满足设计要求.为进一步了解汽车前舱内各部件的传热及流场特性,对汽车发动机前舱进行了CFD仿真研究.最后通过散热器性能试验验证了方案设计的可行性,并对散热器的结构进行了改进.     

动力舱不同出口特征下车辆散热模块性能分析

为了了解车辆散热出口特征对散热器模块传热性能的影响,保证动力舱散热效果,在已有研究的基础上,提出三种出口方案,结合相关资料使用三维软件建立动力舱模型,使用CFD数值方法进行了完整工况下的仿真求解。对仿真结果进行整理和对比后的结果表明:出口数目与散热器性能并非线性相关,就本文研究的车型而言,前置出口方案的散热效果最佳,前置与侧出口联合方案效果最差;虽然增加出口数量可以提高散热性能,但出口数量过多时反而会降低散热器的工作性能,使系统过热。     

基于锂电池模组的风冷方式研究

风冷技术虽已广泛应用于动力锂电池系统,但目前锂电池系统风冷的研究主要集中在如何利用电芯间隙冷却,电芯排布方式和模组进出风口形式的设计上,然而这些方法在实际应用中具有一定的限制。针对以上问题,本文在模组底部加装导热垫及散热片,同时利用计算流体力学的方法对该技术方案进行数值模拟,并分析对比加装不同形式的散热片,电池模组内电芯温度的差异。结果表明,模组底部加装散热片能够快速的将电芯的热量传递给冷却气流,并有效降低电芯间的温差;交错翅片型散热片的散热性能优于平直翅片型散热片;翅片数量及厚度在一定程度上影响了散热片的散热性能。     

汽油机活塞内冷油腔振荡冷却特性的仿真研究

为研究汽油机活塞内冷油腔在高转速下的振荡冷却效果,搭建了计算流体力学仿真模型,模拟研究了额定转速下内冷油腔的机油瞬态分布、壁面换热系数和换热速率,分析了机油喷射速度、喷孔直径、机油温度等喷射参数的影响,并采用Box-Behnken组合设计,以换热速率最大化为目标优化了喷射参数。结果表明,换热速率除了受喷射速度和机油温度的交互作用影响外,还与腔内充油率决定的机油振荡状况有关,并可与喷孔直径拟合成抛物线关系。     

Performance characteristics of a supplementary stack-cooling system for fuel-cell vehicles using a carbon dioxide air-conditioning unit

In fuel-cell-powered vehicles, the fuel-cell system requires a thermal-management subsystem to dissipate heat released during the reaction of hydrogen with oxygen. When the stack generates power at a high rate, a large amount of heat is also generated. If cooling by the radiator is insufficient, a supplementary stack-cooling system is needed to maintain a safe operating temperature. In this study, the performance of a CO₂ air-conditioning unit for stack cooling was investigated under various conditions, and the relationship between cabin cooling and stack cooling was also studied. The coefficient of performance (COP) increased from 1.9 to 2.4, with an increase in cabin-air inlet flow rate from 0 to 8 m³/min. When the air-conditioning unit was turned off, the cooling capacity of the stack cooler was increased; correspondingly, as the cabin-cooling capacity was increased, that of the stack cooler decreased. With an increase in ambient-air inlet temperature from 38°C to 45°C, the COP decreased by 24%. Additionally, both the stack-cooling capacity and cabin-cooling capacity were decreased by about 12% and 16%, respectively, due to reduced heat transfer in the gas cooler as the ambient air inlet temperature was increased. It is expected that the experimental results can serve as a resource in designing a stack-cooling system using a CO₂ air-conditioning unit to enhance stack power generation and efficiency.     

PFI增压汽油机机油稀释试验研究

在一款1．0 L 气道喷射增压汽油机上研究了机油稀释的分布区域及其产生机理,发现机油稀释严重的区域主要集中在高速大负荷工况。通过对喷油器喷孔直径、喷油相位、VVT 动作角、空燃比、水泵流量、机油冷却器散热量、曲轴箱强制通风系统 PCV 阀补气量等相关特性参数的调整验证,发现喷油相位靠后、空燃比过浓是机油稀释严重的主要原因,水泵流量、PCV 阀补气量、VVT 动作角、机油冷却器散热量对机油稀释也有一定的影响,喷油器喷孔直径的变化对机油稀释无影响。最终在该款发动机上综合采用优化喷油相位、水泵流量、PCV 阀补气量、机油冷却器散热量的措施,最大机油稀释水平控制在5％以下。     

车用催化转化器流动阻力影响因素的研究

流动阻力是车用催化转化器的重要性能之一。作者对载体结构参数，入口扩张管和出口收这三个因素进行了试验研究，并对载体通道的流动进行了理论分析，提出了一种计算载体流动阻力的方法。研究结果表明，载体结构参数和扩张管锥角对流动阻力影响显著，而收缩管锥角的影响不明显，在载体结构参数中，减小载体壁厚是降低催化器阻力的有效措施。     

尿素喷嘴对SCR系统喷射雾化影响仿真研究

为了提高尿素选择性催化还原技术(selective catalytic reduction,SCR)系统对柴油机尾气中的氮氧化物(NOx)的转化效率,通过使用软件模拟仿真改变尿素水溶液喷嘴的安装位置、数量、安装方向的方法,研究尿素喷嘴参数对系统性能的影响。结果表明:随着喷嘴和尾气进口之间距离的增大,NH3的均匀性系数和平均质量分数均逐渐地减小;随着喷嘴数目的增加、喷射方向与尾气流动方向夹角的增加,载体前端NH3分布均匀性均呈现先增大后减小的趋势。     

Numerical and experimental investigation of lubricating oil flow in a gerotor pump

Gerotor pumps are widely used in the automotive industry for engine oil lubrication, due to their high volumetric efficiency and smooth pumping action. In many cases, the lubricating oil from the sump is mixed with contaminants, such as dust and tiny solid particles, or becomes thickened, due to aging. These problems will lead to critical situations, such as increased noise, enhanced wear and erosion, and poor lubrication of the engine. These critical situations were studied by conducting a detailed CFD integrated investigation on a gerotor pump’s performance at different operating conditions in three phases, and the results are presented in this paper. In first phase, a CFD model of a gerotor pump was developed with a dynamic mesh for the rotary movement of both the inner and outer rotors. The effects on pump flow rate of important parameters, such as rotor speed, fluid viscosity and number of ports, were simulated using non-contaminated oil at room temperature and an elevated temperature of 140oC. The relationship between flow rate and pressure at different rotor speeds was predicted and validated with test data for further parametric study. The pressure ripples at different time steps were measured at different angular positions of the rotors to examine the model accuracy. It was found that the flow rate increased and pressure pulsation, as well as flow recirculation, was reduced when ports were added to the cover plate. A suction pipe with a strainer was added for the second phase to capture the undesired changes in flow behavior, such as cavitation, which is caused by negative suction at the inlet region of pump. A suitable size for the inlet suction pipe for this pump was chosen after performing tests to characterize the flow behavior with single and double ports. Next, the relationship between pressure drop and strainer porosity was determined using different porosity values for the strainers. In the final phase, oil with different concentrations of solids was simulated to measure the effect of solid particles on flow rates and pressure losses. It was observed that the intensity of the recirculation was reduced at the suction end at the higher concentration of 0.04%, due to particle inertial effects. It was also found that particle size distribution affected the overall efficiency and pressure head of the pump.     

Performance of air conditioners with a gas-liquid separation condenser and one-tank laminated evaporator

In this study, a parallel flow condenser and laminated evaporator for an automotive air-conditioning system were modified to improve performance. Gas-liquid separation type condensers, in which the condenser and receiver drier are integrated, and one-tank laminated type evaporators were developed, and their performances were investigated experimentally using HFC-134a. Heat transfer characteristics in the condenser are examined by means of air temperature, air velocity entering the condenser and inlet pressure of the refrigerant; heat transfer characteristics in the evaporator are examined by means of air temperature, relative humidity, flow rate of air, outlet pressure of refrigerant and superheat. Pressure drops for both evaporator and condenser are also measured, and correlations for pressure drop are derived for the condenser and evaporator, respectively. Air velocity and mass flow rate of the refrigerant have a significant effect on the overall heat transfer coefficient, and flow pass is not significantly influenced by the cooling capacity of the condenser. The overall heat transfer coefficient of the evaporator increases as air flow rate, air temperature and relative humidity increases.     

Effects of coolant channels on large-scale Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (PEFCS)

Fully coupled simulations of two-phase transport in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (PEFCs) and heat transfer in coolant channels are performed in order to investigate the effects of cooling channel configuration on the distributions of temperature and water within PEFCs. When a practical coolant flow rate is applied to large-scale cells for automotive applications, a significant coolant temperature rise is expected from the coolant inlet to the outlet, particularly under high current density operations, creating a significant cell temperature gradient along the flow direction as well. Consequently, a two-phase water profile resulting from evaporation-condensation processes inside PEFCs is also strongly influenced by the cell temperature gradient from the hot coolant inlet toward the cold coolant outlet regions, demonstrating that both temperature and liquid saturation strongly depend on the thermal gradient along the coolant flow path.