虚拟现实在铁路培训中的应用及研究

随着铁路行业的快速发展,传统的铁路培训方式已经难以满足职工日益增长的培训需要。为解决我国铁路培训中存在的问题,本文引入虚拟现实技术并研究其可行性。本文首先分析目前铁路培训中存在的各项不足,然后介绍虚拟现实技术的主要概念,重点叙述虚拟现实的关键技术与主要流程,在此基础上建立一套基于虚拟现实技术的铁路培训系统,并详细介绍系统各个模块的功能与作用。研究表明：与传统铁路培训方式相比,本文所建立的虚拟现实铁路培训系统具有多种优势,在有限资源条件下能够切实满足铁路职工的培训需要,有效提高了个人技能与素质。     

信息化时代基于虚拟三维建模技术的研究

信息化时代虚拟影像技术快速发展,VR技术逐渐成熟.在使用VR系统场景搭建的时候不可避免地要使用到三维建模技术.可以说,虚拟现实系统就是三维建模技术发展的延伸.本文将通过对虚拟现实技术和三维建模技术进行分析,简单介绍各种建模方式的应用,探索虚拟现实技术在道路规划方面的应用.     

基于VRML的虚拟现实技术在数字管道中的应用

介绍了虚拟现实建模语言(VRML),将基于VRML的虚拟现实技术和HTML、 JavaScript相结合,并应用到数字管道中,构建了真实感强、交互性强的可视化虚拟石油管道场景和管道泄漏模型,实现了石油管道虚拟场景的漫游,以及用户与虚拟场景的交互,并及时、直观地反映管道泄漏.应用结果表明:将基于VRML的网络交互式虚拟现实技术应用到数字管道,促进了数字管道的信息共享,提高了数字管道的决策管理效率.     

西部公路交通安全应用技术成果推介

西部课题项目＂公路交通安全应用技术研究＂通过对道路交通设施进行系统的分析,提出并确定道路设计、建设、养护以及交通控制与管理方面的安全改善措施,为降低事故率、改善道路安全提供科学依据。本篇对该技术研究成果进行介绍,以进一步推广使用。     

基于虚拟现实的隧道施工监测系统研究

利用分布式虚拟现实技术,将三维虚拟场景实现技术和网络技术引入到隧道施工的监测中,提出了虚拟场景隧道施工监测系统总体框架及系统实现的具体技术思路,建立具有可视化、临境性、交互性的网络化隧道施工监测系统,并通过工程实例验证了系统的可行性.     

南宁市道路交通违法行为信息化系统研究

在详细分析南宁市道路交通违法行为现状的基础上,文章研究了道路交通违法行为信息化系统建立的需求,分析了系统所要求实现的功能,介绍了系统的设计思路、整体架构及主要模块。通过开发和应用该系统,实现了公安交通管理部门对道路交通违法行为的信息化管理;为车管部门提供及时、准确的相关处罚信息;同时提供丰富灵活的数据综合查询功能,满足各个部门、各个级别的信息共享需求,达到了提高公安交通管理部门执法水平和服务能力的目的。     

温拌沥青混合料技术研究与应用综述

文章介绍了3类温拌技术的基本原理,并总结了温拌技术对沥青及其混合料性能的影响,分析其所带来的效益与面临的挑战,为温拌技术在我国道路交通工程领域的推广与工程应用提供参考。     

澳大利亚道路安全战略内容简介及特点分析

本文重点介绍了进入21世纪以来,澳大利亚第二个十年道路交通安全战略,对其制定的背景、核心政策以及保障措施进行了详细介绍,并对其特点进行分析和总结,以期为我国道路交通安全发展提供有益的借鉴。     

地下工程研究中的虚拟现实技术

结合地下工程施工的特点和虚拟现实研究的进展情况,文章提出了地下工程研究中的新思路--虚拟施工的概念,并对地下工程中的虚拟现实技术应用进行了分析,这是计算机图形、图像及科学计算可视化技术与地下工程技术结合的一种尝试.     

公路桥梁设计中计算机技术的应用分析

公路桥梁工程建设质量关系着交通事业的长足发展,计算机技术的应用为公路桥梁设计水平的提升提供可靠的技术支持。本文从计算机仿真和虚拟现实技术、优化与建模技术、CAD技术、ERP技术等方面入手,探讨计算机技术在公路桥梁设计中的应用,旨在提升公路桥梁设计水平,仅供相关人员参考。     

Lane change algorithm for autonomous vehicles via virtual curvature method

This paper addresses the lane changing problem of autonomous vehicles when there is no road infrastructure support. The autonomous vehicle should drive from the current lane to the adjacent lane in the absence of a reference path to guide the vehicle to the new lane. We suggest an algorithm that incorporates a virtual road curvature with bicycle model for lane change guidance. As the name suggests, the virtual road curvature does not physically exist. It is a user assigned radius of a curved path which connects the current lane to the adjacent lane. Since the lateral sensor readings during lane changing maneuver are erroneous, the steering angle along with the virtual curvature is fed into a bicycle model to estimate the lateral position during the transition to the next lane. Details of the algorithm and the virtual road curvature determination are presented in the paper. In contrast to other lane changing methods, controller switching is not required and the same controller is for both lane keeping and lane changing. The algorithm is verified experimentally and the results are comparable with lane changing with physical transition lane.     

Effects of neighborhood environments on perceived risk of self-driving: evidence from the 2015 and 2017 Puget Sound Travel Surveys

Autonomous vehicles (AVs), with an expectation of improving road safety, are closer to becoming a reality. A large number of people are still concerned about how AVs would operate in real-life driving environments. The present paper investigates the factors that affect people’s views of the interactions between AVs and other road users based on a large sample from the 2015 and 2017 Puget Sound Travel Surveys. We specifically highlight the effects of the neighborhood environment and road infrastructure. We estimate a generalized ordered logit model to demonstrate the extent to which certain neighborhood environment and road infrastructure features affect individuals’ safety perceptions of AVs, controlling for demographics, daily travel patterns, and general interest in riding AVs. The results reveal that designated bicycle facilities are positively associated with individuals’ safety perceptions related to AVs. We find that residents from neighborhoods with more pedestrian facilities are more likely to express higher levels of concern on AVs’ capabilities to react to the environment. Our results also suggest that people living in mixed-use neighborhoods are more confident in sharing the road with AVs. The findings provide useful implications for effective policy interventions and infrastructure provisions that may affect the market penetration rates of AVs while keeping up the standards for other road users, such as bicyclists and pedestrians.

     

An econometric approach to the planning of road development in developing countries

The tools and techniques of econometrics are conventionally used in the estimation and testing of relationships between different economic variables, and their application features in the literature of transport economics.

This paper seeks to make use of econometrics in a wider field to solve a number of economic problems that crop up in investment decisions on road development in developing countries.

This study is divided into four sections with a brief conclusion. Section 1 deals with the problems that should be taken into account when taking investment decisions on road systems. In Section 2, an attempt is made to show how econometric tools can be applied in sorting out those problems. Section 3 highlights the limitations of the approach, and in Section 4, a case study is undertaken to verify the applicability of the model in reality.     

基于国省道沥青路面的施工技术相关思考与分析

本文主要针对国省道公路沥青道路的施工技术进行分析,从而及时改进现有的道路工程施工工艺,有效提高道路工程施工效率。道路工程作为当前城市建设中的重要内容,对于城市发展有着极为重要的作用。这就需要有关部门能够对此有着足够的重视,确保道路工程可以充分满足城市发展的需要。通过对公路沥青道路相关施工技术的分析,不仅可以实现道路工程施工工艺的改进,还可以提高道路的通过性,进一步减少国省道的拥堵情况。同时,对公路沥青道路施工技术进行分析,还能实现对于道路工程施工质量的控制,有利于道路使用寿命的提高。沥青道路施工技术的改进,对于当前交通运营及物流有着极为重要的作用。     

Improved models for technology choice in a transit corridor with fixed demand

We present three extensions to a base optimization model for a transit line which can be used to strategically evaluate technology choices. We add to the base model optimal stop spacing and train length, a crowding penalty, and a multi-period generalization. These extensions are analytically solvable by simple approximations and lead to meaningful insights. Their significance is illustrated by means of an example in which two road modes and two rail modes are defined by a set of techno-economical parameters. These parameters loaded in the base model yield dominance of road modes for all but the largest demand levels. We consistently keep this set of parameters for all models, and show how the break-even points between road and rail modes progressively recede toward lower demand levels when model refinements – not parameter changes – are applied. Scenario analyses of plausible parameter sets highlight the model’s versatility, and caution on general conclusions regarding technology dominance.     

道路桥梁建设中绿色施工技术的应用研究

随着可持续发展战略提出,对建筑工程施工提出更高的要求,绿色施工技术在道路桥梁建设中应用较多,在减少环境污染以及保护环境方面做出突出贡献。本文针对于绿色施工技术在道路桥梁建设中应用意义展开分析,随后探讨了绿色施工技术在道路桥梁建设中应用要点,最后探讨了加强绿色施工技术在道路桥梁建设中应用措施。     

广西高速公路速度限制研究

文章分析了广西高速公路速度限制存在的主要问题,提出了改进高速公路速度限制的相关措施,对提高广西高速公路管理水平和高速公路通过率、保证行车安全及减少公路交通事故具有现实的意义。     

沥青混合料温拌技术在公路建设中的应用

综合国力日益增强,我国的建筑设备、建筑材料和建筑技术均获得了很好的发展,在公路建设当中,沥青混合料温拌技术越来越普及,该技术在操作性、减排、降耗方面的优势较为明显。本文简要分析了温拌技术的几大特点,接着分析了沥青混合料温拌技术原理,最后对沥青混合料温拌技术在公路建设中的应用进行了研究。     

Commercializing management and financing of roads in developing and transition countries

The road sector reforms undertaken by a growing number of developing and transition countries during the past 10-20 years are described. The problems these countries share with industrialized countries and the additional factors that also affect them--large backlogs of deferred maintenance, an acute shortage of funds and dysfunctional road agencies--are also described. The paper then describes how these countries have restructured road management by separating planning and management of roads from implementation of works, provided road agencies with more autonomy, created more effective oversight, introduced annual performance agreements and turned the road agency into a more commercial organization paying market-based wages. In relation to road financing, road tolls and toll roads are touched on briefly before the new style road funds that have recently been set up in these countries are detailed. The paper then describes how they were established and their basic operating modalities--revenues only from charges related to road use (with one notable exception), no abstraction of revenues from other sectors, proactive management and oversight provided by a board of directors that includes members nominated by road users and the business community.     

考虑层间接触状态的水泥砼路面有限元分析

文章以广西柳南高速公路和桂柳高速公路的典型路面结构为研究对象,建立三维有限元模型,进行水泥混凝土路面结构模拟计算,分析水泥混凝土路面板与基层的层间接触状态对路面结构的挠度及荷载应力的影响。