复工期杭州市实施公共交通时段性免费政策的舆情及效果分析

杭州市在新冠疫情复工期为更好地助力复工复产,出台高峰时段公共交通免费政策,实施期限为2020年3月18日—3月31日。本文收集并跟踪了该政策发布的阅读量数据、民众评价的舆情数据、公共交通客流量变化数据,对民众态度、公交选择意愿、地面公交和地铁客流实际恢复情况进行深入分析。得出本次疫情对常规公交客流的负面影响较大,该政策使杭州在二周时间内公共交通客流量恢复比例约10%—20%。然而经济水平、小汽车保有量的提高和小汽车相对的低感染风险,使得复工期间公共交通免费、降价在选择公共交通方式的决策过程中不再是民众首要考虑因素,建议各城市谨慎选择时段性公共交通免费、降价政策的实施时机。同时,杭州时段性免费政策结束后,随着逐步复学,客流并未回落,因此公共交通客流恢复与新冠疫情复工期不同单位、学校分批复工复学密切相关,具有一定规律性。     

高速公路免费，是喜？是优？

吴伯凡（名家专栏之《伯凡非常道》、《21世纪商业评论》主编） 中秋、国庆长假高速公路免费引发的一系列乱象,成了长假期间的焦点新闻和热门话题,让本来想抛开各种烦心事过一个轻松假期的人们变得不那么轻松,不那么超脱了。意在让人们轻松出行的高速免费,既让高速公路添堵,更让人们心里添堵。     

“限购令”与公交优先

香港、东京、巴黎等城市的公交出行率均在70％以上。有的超过了80％。与之相比,我国内地城市的公交出行率普遍只有三四成。在公共交通无法提供便捷、优质服务的情况下,出台限购令未免有失草率,也不公平合理。     

“高速公路免费”如何让各方满意

“国庆期间高速公路免费通行”这一政策应该完善。总结各方意见,无非如下几种：高速公路方面说人太多车人多难管理;出行的人抱怨浪费在路上的时间太多、景区太拥挤、     

广州公交免费风波再反思

<正>前不久,听说广州市决定实行30天公交地铁免费政策,真的很吃惊!广州人胆子太大了,敢于走在时代的前面,做第一个吃螃蟹的人!可惜,这次大胆的尝试以"流产"告终。公共交通免费不仅没有缓解交通拥堵,反而造成人满为患。刚刚完成扩容的广州地铁日客流量逼近800万人次,大大超出现有运输能力,严重影响地铁     

除夕高速免费不应变成一种施舍

除夕高速免费不应该是政府给了老百姓的一种施舍,而是一种社会善意与责任。从根本上讲,高速公路也应是公共交通服务的范畴,不应有着强烈的集团利益垄断色彩。     

陈蛇九问公交

2009年6月5日,载着100人的成都9路公交车燃起熊熊烈火,刹那间车厢成炼狱。这场大火吞噬了28条鲜活的生命,更烧痛了全国公交行业的神经。痛定思痛,为告慰亡灵,更为市民出行舒心,成都公交开始了一场旷日持久的反思和建设。身处风暴中的成都市公共交通集团公司（简称“成都公交集团”）不断摸索公交发展的方法和途径。     

徐州公交：观念新 天地宽

服务城市：“有路就有公交车” 1996年以来．徐州市公共交通有限责任公司（以下简称“徐州公交”）通过赊贷资金、员工集资等方式．购车1414台．大公交车数量由1996年的200余台扩大到现在的2000余台，客运量由1996年的1．1亿人次增加到2008年的3亿余人次，日发送班次8000个，较好地解决了过去长期未能解决的市民出行问题。     

让公交专用道优先起来

近些年,公交优先战略日益受到各级政府及其交通运输主管部门的重视,各种各样的公交优先措施层出不穷,民众日益感受到了选择公共交通出行的便利。路权优先是公交优先的重要内容之一,而设置公交专用道保障公共汽车通行又是路权优先的重要抓手。但是,实践中公交专用道的作用还没有得到足够重视,发展公交专用道的力度也还不够,大多数城市的公交专用道数量少且未能连接成网。     

免费公交:邹平破题民生交通

韩店有了免费公交对山东交通运输业来说,去年12月邹平县韩店镇的一个举措非常具有破题意义。滨州邹平县韩店镇,一个只有3.9万常住人口、85.9平方公里的"小镇",已投入400万元建成两条免费公交线路,惠     

夜班公交路线服务评价——以银川市为例

在"优先发展公共交通战略"的背景下,夜班公交不只是超一线城市才有,很多大中城市已经开始结合自身情况,开启了服务大众为核心的夜班公交线路,夜班公交已经逐渐发展成为已成为人们夜间出行不可缺少的交通方式,充分满足了大众对夜间出行对稳定、环保、安全的出行需求。夜班公交线路近年来不断开设和体系不断健全,但是很少学者研究夜班公交路线服务评价体系。本文将提出基于多种出行方式的夜班公交评价模型来解决这一问题,结合银川市一周交通量数据,运用GIS对银川交通发生量进行可视化分析,对夜班公交线路的合理评价,最后给出优化建议。     

Implementation of interactive transit information kiosks at New York City transit facilities: Analysis of user utilization and lessons learned

Transit Traveler Information Systems (TTIS) comprise a wide range of technologies that transit agencies use to provide reliable and timely transit-related information to customers. The touch-screen interactive information kiosk is an example of these emerging TTIS technologies. This paper examines the implementation of interactive touch-screen information kiosks, known as “On the Go!” Touch-Screen Travel Stations, at Metropolitan Transportation Authority-New York City Transit (MTA-NYCT) facilities in 2011. It analyzes data from passenger intercept surveys, from the kiosks’ built-in application usage logs and from field observations to understand actual passenger utilization of the kiosks and to assess the implications for transit agencies. The field observations also made it possible to obtain a profile of kiosk users, which sheds light on the concept of the “digital divide.” The findings, presented as lessons learned, can help agencies elsewhere develop guidelines and effective strategies for implementing similar interactive transit information systems.     

城市道路交通拥挤的经济对策分析——以兰州市西津东路为例

交通拥挤是我国目前社会关注的一个焦点,也是一个世界性难题。文章针对兰州西津东路的交通拥挤问题,从城市交通经济学理论出发,提出综合利月交通供给管理和交通需求管理两种经济手段来解决兰州市西津东路交通拥挤的根本问题。     

A suppressed demand analysis method of the transportation disadvantaged in policy making

Abstract

This paper proposes a method for estimating transportation supply requirements when the suppressed demand of the transportation disadvantaged (TD) can be calculated and added to existing demand for travel. The underlying assumption is that the travel conditions of these TD groups must be equal to the ‘conventional’ demand, known as ‘full release’. Utilising the modelling approach for TD, suppressed demand analysis, diagnosis of difficulties and equity between conventional and disadvantaged groups were realised, while elaborating special cases for the most vulnerable TD groups (such as elderly and disabled persons) and simultaneously identifying areas of difficulty. From the early virtual results, it is concluded that, for the full release of suppressed trips (only a 5% increase), policy makers must be ready to face some financial burdens, requiring coordination of effort to both standardise these TD groups and reduce the costs incurred by operators.     

Exploring the trade-off between greenhouse gas emissions and travel time in daily travel decisions: Route and departure time choices

This study analyzes the problem of conflicting travel time and emissions minimization in context of daily travel decisions. The conflict occurs because the least travel time option does not always lead to least emissions for the trip. Experiments are designed and conducted to collect data on daily trips. Random parameter (mixed) logit models accounting for correlations among repeated observations are estimated to find the trade-off between emissions and travel time. Our results show that the trade-off values vary with contexts such as route and departure time choice scenarios. Further, we find that the trade-off values are different for population groups representing male, female, individuals from high income households, and individuals who prefer bike for daily commute. Based on the findings, several policies are proposed that can help to lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transportation networks. This is one of the first exploratory studies that analyzes travel decisions and the corresponding trade-off when emissions related information are provided to the road users.     

A fuzzy stochastic approach to the multicriteria selection of an aircraft for regional chartering

This article deals with the problem of decision support for the selection of an aircraft. This is a problem faced by an airline company that is investing in regional charter flights in Brazil. The company belongs to an economic group whose core business is logistics. The problem has eight alternatives to be evaluated under 11 different criteria, whose measurements can be exact, stochastic, or fuzzy. The technique chosen for analyzing and then finding a solution to the problem is the multicriteria decision aiding method named NAIADE (Novel Approach to Imprecise Assessment and Decision Environments). The method used allows tackling the problems by working with quantitative as well as qualitative criteria under uncertainty and imprecision. Another considerable advantage of NAIADE over other multicriteria methods relies in its characteristics of not requiring a prior definition of the weights by the decision maker. As a conclusion, it can be said that the use of NAIADE provided for consistent results to that aircraft selection problem. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Perceived service quality of paratransit in developing countries: A structural equation approach

This paper develops empirical models for evaluating the service quality (SQ) of paratransit. Specifically, several models are developed based on structural equation modeling (SEM) using twenty-four SQ variables. To calibrate those models, a data set of 2008 paratransit users of Dhaka City are utilized, who were interviewed with a structured questionnaire to know their experience, level of satisfaction and opinion about the existing service as well as their expectations. SEM reveals the observed and latent SQ variables and their relationship with the overall SQ of paratransit. Among the different models developed, the best one is selected using statistical parameters and resemblance with real life expectations. Out of twenty-four SQ variables, ‘Punctuality and Reliability’ and ‘Service Features’ are respectively found to be the observed and latent variables having the greatest influence on the paratransit SQ. Moreover, the effect of heterogeneity among users on the performance of the best model is investigated. All the study findings support the data collected from the paratransit users. The research outcomes can be utilized by the city transportation officials of developing countries to improve the overall paratransit performance to attract new users as well as retain the current ones.     

Telecommuting and travel: state of the practice,state of the art

This paper provides an overview of the status of telecommuting in the United States, especially as it relates to changes in travel behavior. Regarding the state of the practice, the paper discusses some refinements to the definition of telecommuting that have developed through increased operational experience. It reports several policy statements involving telecommuting, and explores the appeal of telecommuting as a public policy instrument. It highlights some trends in the implementation of home-based and work center-based telecommuting, and suggests that visible public-sector involvement has been crucial to the increased activity in this area.In sketching the state of the art, the paper outlines some frequently-stated hypotheses on telecommuting and travel behavior, and summarizes current empirical findings relating to those hypotheses. Finally, it suggests a variety of topics suitable for further research. These include studying factors influencing the ultimate adoption levels of telecommuting; impacts on energy/air quality, mode choice, and location/urban form; interactions with other transportation demand management strategies; relationships to the traditional urban travel demand forecasting process; cost/benefit tradeoffs; and telecommuting centers.     

Illuminating the unseen in transit use: A framework for examining the effect of attitudes and perceptions on travel behavior

This study develops the Perception–Intention–Adaptation (PIA) framework to examine the role of attitudes, perceptions, and norms in public transportation ridership. The PIA framework is then applied to understand the relative importance of socio-demographic, built environment, transit service, and socio-psychological factors on public transit use for 279 residents of south Los Angeles, California, a predominately low-income, non-white neighborhood. Confirmatory factor analysis based on 21 survey items resulted in six transit-relevant socio-psychological factors which were used in regression models of two measures of transit use: the probability of using transit at least once in the 7-day observation period, and the mean number of daily transit trips. Our analysis indicates that two PIA constructs, attitudes toward public transportation and concerns about personal safety, significantly improved the model fit and were robust predictors of transit use, independent of built environment factors such as near-residence street network connectivity and transit service level. Results indicate the need for combined policy approaches to increasing transit use that not only enhance transit access, but also target attitudes about transit service and perceptions of crime on transit.     

Metadata-based Needs Assessment for Emergency Transportation Operations with a Focus on an Aging Population: A Case Study in Florida

In the aftermath of disasters, evacuating aging victims and maintaining an optimal flow of critical resources in order to serve their needs becomes problematic, especially for Gulf Coast states in the USA such as Florida, where more than 6.9 million (36.9%) of the population are over age 50. Scanning the literature, there is no substantial prior work that has synthesized the requirements for a multi-modal emergency needs assessment that could facilitate the safe and accessible evacuation of aging people, and optimize the flow of resources into the affected region to satisfy the needs of those who remain. This paper presents a review of the aging population-focused emergency literature utilizing a knowledge base development methodology supported with a geographic information system-based case study application set in Florida. Importance is given to both ensuring the resiliency of the transportation infrastructure and meeting the needs of aging populations. As a result of this metadata-based analysis, critical research needs and challenges are presented with planning recommendations and future research directions. Results clearly indicate that transportation agencies should focus on clear and fast dissemination of disaster-related information to the aging populations. The use of paratransit services for evacuating aging people, especially those living independently and/or in rural areas, is also found to be of paramount importance.