南京上软下硬地层盾构半敞开式掘进关键技术研究

上软下硬地层造成盾构施工风险增加,引起地表沉降增大。文章以南京软硬不均地层盾构施工为工程背景,通过分析盾构掘进过程中开挖面的稳定性及相关施工参数的规律,提出了复合地层中适宜的盾构掘进模式及辅助措施,地表沉降分析验证了该施工方法的可行性和可靠性。     

西班牙瓜达拉玛隧道工程中的硬岩掘进机

瓜达拉玛隧道工程具备掘进竞赛的所有要素,但这并不是一般的竞赛.本文所述不只是四台掘进机同时投入隧道掘进全速竞赛的情况,而是重点叙述这四台掘进机(两台海瑞克、两台维尔特)在28.377km长的隧道掘进中关于减小风险的措施、每台掘进机掘进中所面临的挑战以及管理策略对掘进机以至工程整体性能的影响等几个方面的经验.     

兰州市水源地建设工程输水隧洞TBM1施工段关键技术研究

兰州市水源地建设工程输水隧洞TBM1施工段工程地质条件、工程设计和布置较为复杂,施工中面临连续皮带机出碴、变坡段排水、不良地质段处理、超前地质预报等关键技术问题。通过对上述问题的分析研究,文章提出了针对性的处理措施或方法:重点关注转弯段及上坡段连续皮带机的稳定运行,针对常见故障提出了相应处理方法;设计了TBM支洞下坡段及主洞上坡段掘进的排水系统;TBM掘进过程中采用地质分析、施工地质描述、物探方法相结合的综合超前地质预报方法对掌子面前方的地质条件进行预报,根据预报结果采取针对性的应对措施,避免或减轻地质灾害的发生。TBM1的掘进实践表明,所采取的措施效果良好,保障了TBM1快速、安全施工。     

掌鸠河引水供水工程TBM施工段相关工程地质问题探讨

文章介绍了上公山隧洞TBM掘进过程中遇到的断层破碎带、节理密集带、软岩大变形、岩溶、地下水等主要工程地质问题,并详细地论述了相应的工程处理措施;同时指出,虽然TBM对于不良地质条件适应性较差,但只要给予足够的重视,借鉴以往TBM施工中取得的经验与教训,并针对不同的工程地质条件,分别采取相应的处理措施,TBM是可以安全、快速地通过不良地质地段的.     

南京轨交机场线复合盾构掘进施工技术

南京轨交机场线工程所处地层条件复杂,地质软硬不均,采用复合盾构进行施工。详细分析了盾构在全断面黏土、上软下硬地层及全断面岩层中掘进所存在的风险及应对措施。总结了复合盾构在安山岩及砂岩等地层中掘进的控制要求。其对今后类似地层盾构施工具有借鉴和参考的意义。     

仑-大区间隧道过河段盾构掘进难点及措施

文章以广州市轨道交通四号线大学城专线中,仑头至大学城区间右线隧道为例,介绍盾构机过仑头海掘进和在江底被困情况,阐述盾构机过河段掘进难点及处理措施,可供类似工程借鉴。     

拉之洞隧道溶洞涌泥处理施工技术

拉之洞隧道是黔桂铁路扩能工程QG3标段新建重点工程项目之一,全长2 240 m,分别从进、出口同时掘进。2005年7月1日,当隧道从出口端掘进至DK174 610掌子面时,突然发生罕见的溶洞涌泥事故。在此次自然灾害处理中,进行了综合超前地质预报,采用炮震引泥、机械清泥综合处理措施清除了涌出的填充体;制作了钢结构防护台车(并兼做模板台车),浇筑了混凝土护拱,加强了防护设施的安全性和初期支护的强度及整体性。由于采用了一系列有效措施,隧道于12月10日安全通过了大型溶洞。文章介绍了拉之洞隧道溶洞涌泥概况及处理措施。     

市政地铁深基坑穿越临江断裂带涌水及处理对策

市政地铁工程施工环境较为复杂,工程施工中会涉及很多风险工程,特别是深基坑施工中容易发生涌水问题,若不采取有效措施进行处理会造成非常大的损失。文章结合工程实例,分析了地铁深基坑穿越临江断裂带所发生的涌水问题及成因,并提出了相应的处理对策,供相关类似工程施工参考。     

全断面隧洞掘进机在引黄工程南干线国际Ⅱ、Ⅲ标中的应用

引黄入晋工程南干线国际Ⅱ、Ⅲ标段具有地质条件复杂、单洞线路较长等工程特点,主体洞段采用硬岩TBM掘进施工.文章介绍了TBM的应用情况、对不良地质条件的处理措施,并对快速掘进中的地质编录方法进行了总结,可为其它同类工程提供参考.     

高压富水碎裂状岩层小半径曲线盾构隧道施工技术北大核心CSCD

在不良岩土工程条件下,盾构施工将会遇到刀具切削效果差、掘进参数设置不合理以及喷涌等技术难题。文章针对福州地铁高压富水、碎裂状岩层和长距离小半径曲线等施工难点,通过对滚刀切削力的理论计算,分析了刀具的力学性能,提出了合理的刀具配置、掘进参数和刀具更换时机;通过实践探索,采用了螺旋输送机改造、出碴控制和地面降水相结合的防喷涌措施;通过数值模拟方法分析了小半径曲线段盾构掘进开挖面稳定情况,并总结出了长距离小半径曲线段盾构掘进以及姿态控制措施。结果表明:(1)盾构机在碎裂状岩层中掘进时,岩块对于刀具的侧向冲击力很大,需对滚刀采取加固措施;(2)在总推力上升4 000～7 000 kN、扭矩上升1 000～1 500 kN·m、掘进速度小于10 mm/min时,应结合碴样情况,考虑在合适的时机进行换刀;(3)采用所研发的螺旋输送机防喷涌装置,结合地面降水和出碴控制措施,可有效减少喷涌的发生;(4)本工程盾构机在小半径曲线上长距离掘进过程中,轴线最大偏移量、管片安装高程偏差均满足盾构施工规范要求。     

Explaining differences in acceptability before and acceptance after the implementation of a congestion charge in Stockholm

A field experiment was conducted in Stockholm where a congestion charge trial was introduced in 2006. Respondents completed a questionnaire before and after the trial. Acceptance of the congestion charge was higher after the trial as opposed to its acceptability judgments before the trial. Respondents believed the charge had more positive consequences (viz., decreasing parking problems, congestion, and pollution) and less negative consequences (viz., financial cost increases) after the trial than they had expected beforehand. Furthermore, we examined the relative importance of various beliefs for the acceptability of the congestion charge before and after it was implemented. Results are that before the implementation of the charge acceptability was significantly related to beliefs about the expected consequences for one’s own car use and financial costs, whereas acceptance after the trial was related to beliefs about the perceived consequences for one’s own car use and parking problems. These results indicate that acceptance of the congestion charge had increased because people experienced positive consequences of the charge. This conclusion is discussed in the broader context in which the Stockholm trial took place.     

Stated preference methods and travel demand forecasting: An examination of the scale factor problem

Stated Preference choice models may have incorrect scale properties, because their coefficients incorporate the influence of factors which do not affect actual behaviour, and this paper examines the consequences of this scale factor problem for demand forecasting. Empirical evidence is presented which suggests that the scale factor problem is not serious and the results are generalised to consider the consequences of the scale factor problem in situations other than those prevailing in the empirical example. The paper also examines the predictive performance of three procedures for forecasting changes to an existing demand in the light of the scale factor problem. This indicates that reliance should not be placed on the incremental logit model and that a simple procedure which amends a standard logit model forecast in the light of its performance in explaining the observed initial demand is generally preferred to unadjusted logit model forecasts.     

A direct method for speeding up the convergence of the furness biproportional method

This paper describes a direct non-iterative balancing technique which could be used as a complementary part to the Furness method to speed up the convergence to the final solution. This is particularly useful when the convergence of the Furness iterations is uneconomically slow and/or when high balancing accuracy is needed. The direct method however, might be used as a substitute to the Furness method in evaluating the consequences of a few alternative sets of small variations in the marginal totals of a two dimensional array.     

Shopping trip mode choice of older adults: an application of activity space and hybrid choice models in understanding the effects of built environment and personal goals

Transportation - Rapid growth of the older population worldwide, coupled with their overreliance on automobile and its negative consequences for the environment and for their wellbeing, has...     

天然气管道的完整性管理

根据天然气管道完整性管理技术的研究现状,概述了天然气管道完整性管理的框架流程。阐述了天然气管道完整性管理的主要内容,分析了影响管道安全的主要因素、天然气管道事故后果,介绍了管道完整性检测方法,提出了天然气管道腐蚀控制措施以及天然气管道完整性管理体系发展建议。     

A probabilistic optimization model for allocating freeway sensors

This paper proposes a sensor location model to identify a sensor configuration that minimizes overall freeway performance monitoring errors while considering the consequences of probabilistic sensor failures. To date, existing sensor location models for freeway monitoring inherently assume that either deployed sensors never fail or the consequences of sensor failure are trivial matters. However, history has revealed that neither assumption is realistic, suggesting that ignoring failures in sensor allocation models may actually produce a significantly suboptimal configuration in the real world. Our work addresses this dilemma by developing a probabilistic optimization model that will minimize the error expectation by examining all possible failure scenarios, each with an occurrence probability. To ensure the scenario completeness and uniqueness, a sensor failure scenario is represented by using a binary string with 1 indicating an operational sensor at a given site and 0 for sensor failure or no sensor deployed. When applied to a case study network, it is shown that an optimal configuration that considers sensor failure is significantly different from an optimal configuration that ignores sensor failure, revealing that sensor failures pose non-trivial consequences on performance monitoring accuracy.     

Vulnerability analysis for large-scale and congested road networks with demand uncertainty

To assess the vulnerability of congested road networks, the commonly used full network scan approach is to evaluate all possible scenarios of link closure using a form of traffic assignment. This approach can be computationally burdensome and may not be viable for identifying the most critical links in large-scale networks. In this study, an “impact area” vulnerability analysis approach is proposed to evaluate the consequences of a link closure within its impact area instead of the whole network. The proposed approach can significantly reduce the search space for determining the most critical links in large-scale networks. In addition, a new vulnerability index is introduced to examine properly the consequences of a link closure. The effects of demand uncertainty and heterogeneous travellers’ risk-taking behaviour are explicitly considered. Numerical results for two different road networks show that in practice the proposed approach is more efficient than traditional full scan approach for identifying the same set of critical links. Numerical results also demonstrate that both stochastic demand and travellers’ risk-taking behaviour have significant impacts on network vulnerability analysis, especially under high network congestion and large demand variations. Ignoring their impacts can underestimate the consequences of link closures and misidentify the most critical links.     

Use of combinatorial auctions in the railway industry: Can the “invisible hand” draw the railway timetable?

Rail capacity is currently administratively allocated in Europe, whereas the economic literature has often contemplated the opportunity of introducing market mechanisms, auctions in particular, into this industry. This article tries to fill the gap between practice and theory. It first describes the properties of rail capacity (rigidity and non-homogeneity) and shows that because of its very nature, this capacity must be allocated through combinatorial auctions. As identified by the economic literature, using combinatorial auctions introduces a lot of complexity (winner determination and information burden) into the allocation process. To deal with this complexity, some form of centralized planning is necessary to design the right market mechanisms and to allocate capacity. This could have strong consequences on the current deregulation process.     

Local shopping as a strategy for reducing automobile travel

Transportation - Suburban development in the US is widely criticized for its contribution to automobile dependence and its consequences. Not surprisingly, then, a return to more urban-style...     

The impact of outcome framing and psychological distance of air pollution consequences on transportation mode choice

Recent years, air pollution phenomenon has become one of the crucial problems of Tehran, Iran. Due to main political and economic role of Tehran, population of this metropolis is high and increasing. Urban transportation of this highly populated city contributes more than 70% of air pollution problem in this city. Although a number of urban transport developments, policy measures and regulations have been employed, Tehran’s air pollution has remained crucial thus far. Finding ways to encourage individuals to behave more sustainable can be considered as a substantial approach of tackling environmental problems such as air pollution, since it can be highly cost-effective and fast. This research attempt to evaluate the impacts of two factors of outcome framing and psychological distance of air pollution on citizen’s willingness to behave environmental friendly, particularly to change the travel mode choice. Results illustrate that communicating the consequences of air pollution can provoke individuals’ to act more environment friendly or in particular to change their intention for using more sustainable mode of transportation. Framing the positive consequences of mitigating air pollution take precedence over framing the negative consequences. Moreover the gains of mitigating air pollution have an impact on the willingness to use of bicycle and bus. Results also show that decreasing the psychological distance of air pollution in order to make manipulated frame more personally relevant has no significant impact on respondents.