《船海工程》2001～2005年载文统计分析

根据《船海工程》近5年来载文专业分布、稿源分布以及与相近专业刊物进行相关比较分析,总结其总体变化和载文特点,认为必须坚定技术类刊物的专业发展方向,在认清刊物现状的基础上,有针对性地加强征稿、引导写作、拓展稿源的工作。     

船舶类科技论文英译摘要中式英语问题探讨

科技论文英文摘要质量是决定论文能否被国际检索系统收录的重要因素。为研究学术论文英文摘要译写现状,采用抽样法选取5种国内海洋船舶类权威期刊中的100篇论文进行调查分析。结果表明,此类论文英文摘要大量存在中式英语问题,突出表现在用词方面,其次是句子层次,再次是语篇层次。可见,只有了解英汉语言文化差异,恰当使用英语词典,选择合适的翻译方法才能减少、避免中式英语问题,才能提高英文摘要质量。     

Stress concentrations at butt welds in pipelines

This is a technical note that is written to correct a mistake made by the author and to add some significant information to an already published paper in Marine Structures 2008. An additional assessment of analysis result is used to enhance and substantiate conclusions on stress concentration at weld root in pipeline welds resulting from fabrication tolerances.     

一体化与多元化和上海国际航运中心的建设

<正>建设一个主要为广大内陆腹地经济发展服务,同时又能为国际航运提供优越服务的综合型国际航运中心,是国内外经济发展的需要,是我国实现国民经济发展战略目标的合理布局。充分发挥港群资源潜力,实现符合市场经济运行规律的长江三角洲诸港的一体化,有助于尽早建成上海国际航运中心。我国港口应加大改革步伐,促使其朝产权体制,投资渠道、经营领域、港口功能的多元化方向发展。 一、沪—宁—甬三港优势互补与港群一体化     

以语言应用为导向的高职轮机英语教学探索

根据海船船员培训面临的新形势和新要求,分析高职轮机英语教学的挑战和机遇,从理论认识和实践教学两方面探索轮机英语的教学问题。认为英语任课教师应考虑高职学生的特点,充分发挥其主动性和创造性,和专业教师一起开发以语言应用为导向的轮机英语课程。     

关于航海英语培训的几个问题

综合英语的听、说、读、写等几方面技能,对怎样提高船员航海英语的水平做了分析,提出了加强航海英语培训的做法。     

Effective Public Participation is Fundamental for Marine Conservation—Lessons from a Large-Scale MPA

The Representative Areas Program (RAP) was, at the time, the most comprehensive process of community involvement and participatory planning for any environmental issue in Australia. The RAP was a key component of the widely acclaimed rezoning of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, and although completed in 2003, many lessons learned are still relevant today. This paper provides an analysis of the comprehensive public participation program that significantly influenced the final planning outcome. It provides insights into a fundamental component of effective marine planning, assessing what worked well and what did not in terms of public engagement. Some aspects of the public participation program were innovative, and some were more effective than others. The outcome was one-third of the Marine Park was declared as highly protected no-take zones in 2004, with the remainder of the park also zoned to provide lower levels of protection. The methods used to engage the public and the 25 lessons discussed in this paper should be of interest for practitioners, policy makers and academics elsewhere aiming for “good practice” approaches to achieve environmental conservation.     

Quality incentives and quality outcomes in procured public transport - Case study Stockholm

Gross contracts appear to be the most common contract form for procured public transport in Sweden and elsewhere. This contract form, it has been argued, gives weak incentives for operators to deliver the desired quality level. Therefore many procuring public transport authorities amend contracts with quality incentives.This paper examines how such quality incentives influence quality outcomes with focus on cancelled departures and delays. The main findings are that the introduction of quality incentives are correlated with both increases and decreases of measured quality outcomes.We hypothesise that the results are driven by underlying cost changes for achieving desired quality objectives that exceed the possible revenues from the incentives. In interviews with the Stockholm public transport authority (SL) and some operators, two central observations surface. The first is that there are causes for quality failures that are not solely the responsibility of operators and that these are therefore not fully reached by the incentives, and the second is that the operators believe that they have exhausted what they can do under the current contracts.     

The slippery slope of lot consolidation in the Santa Monica Mountains: A program assessment

Abstract

The authors present an assessment of the Coastal Conservancy's efforts to consolidate small, substandard lots in the Santa Monica Mountains. Emphasis is placed on the ‘ ‘lessons learned’ ‘ by the Conservancy in its project experience as those lessons may be applicable to related efforts elsewhere. Finally, alternative means of lot consolidation are suggested. This assessment should be of relevance to other programs nationwide to address the problem of antiquated subdivisions.     

Social marginal cost pricing and second best alternatives in partnerships for transport infrastructures

According to the economic theory, if all the first-best conditions are met, social optimality involves the prices to be set equal to social marginal costs. When it is not possible to set prices equal to social marginal costs, due to the presence of constraints within the transport sector or distortions elsewhere in the economy, the theory suggests corrections to the SMC principle (second-best alternatives). But the implementation of second best alternatives can give rise to serious problems when transferred from theory to practice. This chapter will discuss in particular the problems that might rise when investment cost are included (totally or partially) in the social marginal costs rules, and in particular when private operators are involved.     

Total losses and the peril of piracy in English law of marine insurance

Whereas the Marine Insurance Act 1906 provides substantial detail about total losses, very little is provided in relation to piracy in the said statute. The recent judgments in Masefield v Amlin by Steel J ([2010] 1Lloyd's Rep. IR 345) and then by the English Court of Appeal ([2011] EWCA Civ 24) have highlighted the difficulties associated with determining whether a seizure of the subject-matter of insurance, in this case cargo, by pirates, demanding a ransom, can give rise to a claim for a total loss. This is a very important matter which also raises issues of legality and public policy. This article examines the implications of this judgment against the backdrop of the English marine insurance definition of piracy and the intricacies of the law relating to constructive and actual total losses. The article concludes with the suggestion that possibly the marine insurance definition of piracy should tally with that in the domain of public international law, and further, that legislative intervention should be considered for the purpose of ascertaining the point in time whether and when seizure by pirates can constitute a total loss.     

The market for second-hand ships: Further results on efficiency using cointegration analysis

This paper examines the dynamic behaviour of second-hand prices of tankers and dry-cargo vessels over various time periods, with a view to determining whether or not the markets for such assets are efficient. It extends and re-analyses the results of an earlier study by Hale and Vanags, published in this journal in 1992. Using a more modern method of testing for cointegration, it is shown that both the tanker and dry cargo markets appear to be cointegrated, a fact which would suggest that these markets are inefficient. It is suggested that the existence of cointegration does not necessarily imply market inefficiency, if the factors that create the common trends are themselves stochastic in nature. With this in mind, it is argued that the evidence put forward in this paper is still consistent with market efficiency in the long run.     

The Development of a Visualization Methodology for Integrated Coastal Management

Coastal management information is frequently communicated to stakeholders and the public through complicated management documents and engineering plans. With the recognition that public involvement in coastal decision-making processes should be widened have come calls to develop new techniques to communicate complicated coastal information. Using Virtual Reality Geographical Information Systems and visualization packages, such information may be presented using formats more suitable for public consultation and information dissemination exercises than those currently employed. Using a site on the north Norfolk coast of England, an integrated Geographical Information Systems based methodology is presented that allows the visualization of proposed coastal management interventions. Visualizations have been produced that can be published in traditional paper-based management documents, or electronically. The different visualizations are compared and the technical issues surrounding their use discussed. It is argued that the methodology has clear advantages over traditional communication methods, although further research is necessary to determine how it may be practically employed by coastal managers.     

山区高速公路改扩建不同设计方案环境影响比较

山岭重丘区高速公路改扩建,不同的设计方案对环境的影响和破坏程度是有差异的。文中分环境要素比较了山岭重丘区高速公路改扩建不同设计方案对环境的影响程度。通过分别比较不同的建设方案、不同的改扩建路基形式、不同的路基加宽方案对环境的影响程度,提出对于山岭重丘区高速公路改扩建,在现有路线通道尚未充分发挥其潜能的情况下,尽量选择改扩建方案,以避免新建复线工程对环境的破坏影响;路基改扩建形式以单侧整体式路基加宽为宜,同时结合实际地形、地质情况,对不宜采用整体式加宽的局部路段,采用单侧分离式路基加宽形式。     

The problem of misdeclared container weight: perspectives from New Zealand and implications for its law

This paper addresses the problem of misdeclaring container weights, which causes accidents on land and sea, with serious consequences. It reviews the current international law, and the verification of container weight mandated in the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) convention, and relates them to New Zealand law and practice as an example. It concludes that the SOLAS plan, simply written into local law, is unlikely to be enough by itself to fix the problem. It considers the points in the supply chain where responsibility could be placed for weighing and proposes a “chain of responsibility” approach with initial weighing by the shipper and check weighing later, especially at ports, with misdeclared containers being reportable as incidents. Such a system should deal comprehensively with the problem.     

施工期边坡稳定性分析中适用的强度

对目前施工期边坡稳定分析中通常采用的抗剪强度进行分析,施工期的地基土强度除应考虑施工过程的填土对地基的固结作用外,还应考虑施工期间地基土在自重条件下的固结作用,并建议采用分别考虑填土重力和地基土自重力的固结度所计算的强度。另外,采用垂直附加应力计算强度时,不符合稳定性分析的应力状态应是极限应力状态的极限状态设计原则,采用土条重力计算强度更为合理。     

有关装卸准备就绪通知书若干问题探讨

介绍了装卸时间的基础知识,及其与远洋运输实务中应用的容易混淆的几类时间的区别,阐述了在英国法下有关装卸时间在法律上的基本原则,尤其是在金康租约下对装卸时间的规定为实务中的操作提供了参考,最后着重指出了在实务中的应注意的问题。由于我国对这方面没有法律上的明确规定,且有关操作受国际海运经济一体化的影响比较大,所以理论阐述的比较少,实务比较多,希望借此能够对我国海运装卸操作能起到一点儿参考作用。     

基于就业导向下的航海本科英语教学改进建议

为了提高航海专业本科学生就业竞争力,在分析学生就业形势变化的基础上,指出航海英语教学改革是提高学生就业竞争力的有效途径,并提出航海英语本科教学的改进建议。     

大学英语教学要激发学生的学习动力

本文探讨了在大学英语教学中老师应如何激发学生的学习动力,阐述了学习动力在教学中的重要性,以及如何根据学生学习英语的情绪活动特点来激发学生学习动力,主要有四个方面的因素:注重情感因素;培养学习兴趣;满足表现欲;正确评价表现。