Collapse strength of hatch cover of bulk carrier subjected to lateral pressure load

A series of elastoplastic large deflection FEM analyses has been performed on hatch covers of bulk carriers subjected to lateral load. Two types of hatch covers are considered which are the folding type and the side-sliding type. For the folding-type cover, one size is considered which is for Handy size bulk carrier, whilst for the side-sliding-type cover, two sizes are considered which are for Panamax and Cape size bulk carriers. For each type, two hatch covers are selected which are designed in accordance with the old ICLL rule and new IACS rule, respectively. Calculated collapse strengths are compared with individual design loads, and a strength assessment is performed. On the basis of collapse behaviour observed in FEM analyses, a simple method is proposed to evaluate the collapse strength of a hatch cover subjected to lateral load. It is confirmed that the collapse strength is accurately predicted by the proposed method.     

散货船改沥青船方案研究

从总体布置、稳性法规、结构规范等方面分析散货船改沥青船存在的一般问题。以实船为例,列举一艘7000DWT散货船改装成沥青船所遇到的问题,并介绍最终的解决方案。     

散货船三维时域波浪载荷计算研究

采用三维势流理论进行船舶运动和波浪载荷预报时,有2种Green函数可供选择:自由Green函数和Rankine源.混合源法,同时使用这2种Green函数,结合了两者的优点.本文对三维时域混合源法开展研究,为了验证该方法的可行性,本文对一艘散货船进行了时域上运动和波浪载荷的计算,并将计算结果转化到频域上以得到RAO.最终把有航速随浪和顶浪工况下该散货船垂向运动和载荷的RAO与WASIM计算结果以及模型试验结果进行比较.比较结果表明,混合源法计算结果与WASIM结果大体一致;在波长较短时,两者计算结果和试验值结果吻合较好,波长较长时两者计算结果都较试验值偏大.随浪海况下2种计算结果较顶浪更贴近试验值.     

船舶结构疲劳评估设计波法

以散货船船舯内底与底边舱斜板折角处节点为例,对船舶结构疲劳评估的设计波法进行研究.论述了设计波法的基本原理,给出了确定设计波的流程。通过分析该节点的受力情况,确定5个控制载荷参数及设计波参数。以谱分析法得到的参考应力范围为目标值,对5个控制载荷参数对应的设计波作用下的节点应力范围结果进行回归分析,从而得到了用于疲劳评估的设计波组合,并利用该方法对1艘散货船的船舯内底与底边舱斜板折角处的节点进行了计算。结果显示,设计波法与谱分析法的结果吻合较好,计算量大幅减少。     

Reliability analysis of a bulk carrier in ultimate limit state under combined global and local loads in the hogging and alternate hold loading condition

The alternate hold still-water loading in hogging combined with wave loading is critical for the safe design of bulk carriers. The ultimate longitudinal strength of the hull girder of bulk carriers in this condition has been found to be considerably reduced by the action of local lateral pressure loads. In the present paper, an interaction equation based on the ultimate hull girder strength assessment obtained by nonlinear finite element analyses is adopted to consider the relationship between ultimate longitudinal bending capacity and average external sea pressure over the bottom. This interaction equation is used as the basis for the failure function. The annual probability of failure is obtained by FORM analysis considering two typical load cases, namely, pure longitudinal hogging bending moment and combined global hogging bending moment and local lateral pressure loads. The effect of heavy weather avoidance on the failure probability is evaluated. The results show that the local lateral pressure has a significant influence on the annual probability of failure of bulk carriers in the hogging and alternate hold loading condition.     

等效波的散货船舱口角疲劳评估应力组合方法(英文)

The stress combination method for the fatigue assessment of the hatch corner of a bulk carrier was investigated based on equivalent waves.The principles of the equivalent waves of ship structures were given,including the determination of the dominant load parameter,heading,frequency,and amplitude of the equivalent regular waves.The dominant load parameters of the hatch corner of a bulk carrier were identified by the structural stress response analysis,and then a series of equivalent regular waves were defined based on these parameters.A combination method of the structural stress ranges under the different equivalent waves was developed for the fatigue analysis.The combination factors were obtained by least square regression analysis with the stress ranges derived from spectral fatigue analysis as the target value.The proposed method was applied to the hatch corner of another bulk carrier as an example.This shows that the results from the equivalent wave approach agree well with those from the spectral fatigue analysis.The workload is reduced substantially.This method can be referenced in the fatigue assessment of the hatch corner of a bulk carrier.     

矿砂船舱口间甲板结构的可靠性评估

文章针对一艘舱口间甲板发生屈曲破坏的矿砂船,对其舱口间甲板结构进行横向压缩强度分析和可靠性评估。为建立一套初步的可靠性评估方法,首先,采用半解析公式计算舱口间甲板结构在不同破坏模式下的压缩极限强度,其最小值即为结构的临界应力,为强度评估提供依据。其次,基于改进的一次二阶矩法编写FOR⁃TRAN子程序,计算结构的可靠性指标,建立了基于舱口间甲板的横向压缩强度的可靠性分析程序。综合评估结果表明,舱口间甲板结构的强度储备不足以抵抗外部载荷,屈曲破坏发生起始于檐板和舱口间甲板,这与目标船的事故分析报告中的屈曲现象吻合。根据舱口间甲板结构的强度和可靠性评估结果,采取三种加强方案,权衡结构安全因子和结构重量从而得出较优的修复加强方案。     

基于设计波法的超大型集装箱船疲劳强度评估

基于BV规范中的疲劳强度计算评估方法,论述了设计波法的基本原理,给出了确定设计波载荷的基本流程和疲劳累计损伤组合计算的方法,并据此对某超大型集装箱船的重点位置结构进行疲劳强度的计算分析与评估。     

大型油船和散货船波激振动及其对结构疲劳寿命的影响

通过一艘大型油船和一艘大型散货船在水池中的波激振动模型试验,研究了规则波和不规则波中的船体波激振动现象,利用试验获得的短期海况下的高低频应力数据计算分析了波激振动对实船典型结构疲劳损伤的影响。在此基础上,通过对试验数据的规律性研究,提出了一种快速估算短期海况中船体波激振动特征及其对结构疲劳寿命影响的方法。利用该方法,结合几条典型航线的长期海况统计资料,研究了不同航线上船体波激振动对结构疲劳寿命的影响。研究结果认为:大型油船和散货船在压载状态下存在明显的波激振动现象,不同航线上的波激振动强度及其对结构疲劳寿命的影响差别较大;快速估算方法能够合理地评估船体在波激振动下的结构疲劳损伤,具有一定的工程实用价值。     

基于裂纹扩展理论的船体结构疲劳评估

疲劳破坏是船舶结构的主要破坏形式之一。为了保证船舶结构有足够的疲劳强度,各国船级社、船厂等均建立了船舶结构疲劳强度校核规范作为船舶疲劳评估的指导性文件,尽管这些规范均是建立在S-N曲线方法基础上的,但由于S-N曲线方法存在自身无法克服的缺陷(如忽略材料的初始缺陷等),对同一节点进行计算得到的疲劳寿命大相径庭。该文作者在基于裂纹扩展理论的基础之上,给出了一套详细的船体结构疲劳评估方法,并应用此方法对大型船舶结构典型节点的疲劳寿命进行评估,以期能为完善船舶结构疲劳寿命的评估提供参考。     

基于协调版共同结构规范的好望角型散货船甲板纵骨疲劳分析

协调版共同结构规范于2015年7月1日正式生效,在制定该规范过程中,散货船甲板纵骨的疲劳评估方法和评估结果受到业界重点关注。文章基于2014版规范要求和2015年发布的修改通报对大型散货船的甲板纵骨进行疲劳强度评估和分析,相关分析结论对结构设计具有指导性意义。     

Experimental investigation into the effects of air pockets on wave-in-deck loads of offshore structures

In this paper, air entrapment during slamming is an investigation subjected to an experimental method of inquiry, analysed alongside a theoretical approach obtained from previous attempts to address similar matters. The experiment consisted of assembling three different sizes and depths of artificially created pockets underneath the 1:75 deck model of a 76 m × 76 m prototype to encourage air entrapment and study how this entrapped air affects local and global loads. A parametric study is ultimately conducted on the geometry of the pocket, altering area and depth to observe the response to the pressure. Air entrapment effects were observed to reduce the magnitudes of impact pressure inside the pocket while slightly altering the force time histories in x and z-directions. Force magnitudes for global forces are significantly close to the smooth deck results. However, horizontal force data are slightly higher than their corresponding smooth deck due to additional surfaces inside the pocket. In addition, a parametric study of the depth and size of the pocket reveals that pocket depth is the dominant parameter that affects the impact pressure inside a pocket.     

实用船舶结构疲劳评估方法概要

船舶结构的疲劳评估是船舶力学的主要研究领域之一。本文对常用的船舶结构疲劳评估方法——船级社提出的简化方法、谱分析法、设计波法、断裂力学方法,以及概率S-N曲线和概率断裂力学方法进行了概述。首先分别对每种方法中的关键技术细节进行了较为详细的论述,给出了这些技术细节当前的处理方法及存在的主要问题。最后,对各方法进行了总结和概括,指出了每种方法的优缺点,并给出了每种方法未来的研究重点和发展方向。     

散货船特殊要求的适用及检查探讨

文中通过梳理国际公约中对散货船特殊要求的修正情况,明确了以散装形式装运干散货的船舶如何满足SOLAS公约中对散货船的特殊要求,并结合笔者的检查经验,总结归纳了散货船的检查要点。     

水下航行器内孤立波载荷形成机理数值模拟研究

弄清水下航行器内孤立波载荷形成机理是分析内孤立波对航行性能影响和控制研究的基础和前提。采用数值模拟方法深入分析模型位于内孤立波波面上方、穿越波面、位于波面下方3种情形下,模型受内孤立波流场水动力作用和分层密度差静力作用过程,对比不同潜深时纵向力、垂向力和俯仰力矩特性差异。研究表明,穿越波面的情况下,模型所处的流体密度变化,起了决定性作用,垂向力比纵向力大一个量级;穿越波面时,艏艉浮力不平衡,俯仰力矩有极大值和极小值出现;模型始终位于波面上方或下方时,受内孤立波流场的影响,其水动力性能也产生了明显的变化。     

基于PATRAN环境的自升式平台强度评估程序开发

通过PCL和Fortran语言开发了基于PATRAN的自升式平台强度评估程序MYWORK(Mobility Workbench)。以桁架式桩腿自升式平台为例,基于ABS自升式平台结构规范,通过对平台工作载荷、风浪流等环境载荷、P-Δ效应等的自动加载及对平台桩腿、主体结构的自动强度评估,简要介绍了MYWORK的主要功能模块、分析操作流程及MYWORK的应用。通过MYWORK的载荷预报模块及直接计算模块对某300英尺自升式平台进行了结构强度评估,评估过程及评估结果验证了MYWORK的高效性、可靠性。     

Numerical investigation on the ultimate strength behaviour and assessment of continuous hull plate under combined biaxial cyclic loads and lateral pressure

The ultimate strength of continuous hull plate under combined biaxial cyclic loads and lateral pressure is investigated in the present paper by using nonlinear finite element method. Geometric nonlinearity due to large deflection and material nonlinearity induced by kinematic hardening and isotropic hardening are both accounted for. A parametric study is designed and completed to examine the longitudinal ultimate compressive strength behaviours in the cycles on the basis of a large number of load-shortening curves. Effects of series of parameters especially the plate slenderness ratio, transverse cyclic compression, lateral pressure and cycle number are analyzed with details. It is found that the strength characteristic and collapse mode are highly affected by the coupling influence of the mentioned factors as well material behaviours. A dimensionless unified formulation as a function of the decisive factors is empirically proposed to accurately assess the ultimate strength of continuous hull plate in various cycles.     

Long-term approach for assessment of sloshing loads in LNG carrier,Part I: Comparison of Short- and Long-term approaches

To assess the long-term sloshing loads of a liquefied natural gas carrier, Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering Co., Ltd., Hyundai Heavy Industry Co., Ltd, Samsung Heavy Industry Co., Ltd. (SHI), Korean Register, and Seoul National University conducted a series of joint industrial experiments using a six-degree-of-freedom irregular sloshing model test. SHI provides a 174 K S-LNGC and its cargo hold information. To consider the numerous test conditions of the long-term approach, the present study focuses on the upper regions of the cargo hold structure, and feasible operating scenarios are assumed. A total of 3870 h at a real scale are simulated based on 387 sailing conditions. Extensive experimental results of sloshing loads are analyzed based on different guidelines suggested by different maritime classification societies. Part I of this study provides an assessment of sloshing loads based on a comparison of short- and long-term approaches distinguished by the guidelines, and the possible reference values are presented. A practical solution for the long-term approach will be discussed in Part II.     

舰载蒸汽弹射内弹道设计计算

应用导弹发射内弹道原理,建立了舰载蒸汽弹射内弹道设计与计算模型。并以某型飞机为例,对所建立的内弹道设计与计算模型进行了仿真计算。仿真结果表明,所建立的模型能较好地满足内弹道设计指标要求,这对舰载蒸汽弹射装置的设计与工程研制具有一定的参考价值。     

美国航母飞行甲板演变及设计思想研究

飞行甲板是航母舰载机起降、调运、保障、布列最重要的作业场所,其设计工作在航母总体设计中占有重要地位,很大程度上决定了舰载机出动回收保障能力和航母综合作战效能.本文针对美国海军二战后至今研制的5型航母,分析其飞行甲板布局演变过程,梳理总结美国航母飞行甲板设计思想和启示.