围岩节理面不利组合条件下隧道塌方的模糊安全评价

节理发育是隧道塌方事故发生的主要影响因素之一,文章针对节理面不利组合发育的围岩,分析了围岩塌方的影响因素,构建了节理面不利组合下围岩塌方安全评价指标体系;引入二级模糊综合评价模型,运用乘积标度法确定塌方安全评价指标体系的权重值,采用单值隶属函数确定指标体系定性的隶属度;基于评价模型,给出了节理面不利组合下围岩的塌方安全指标体系中二级指标的定性和定量分级标准。通过对丁家湾隧道进行塌方安全评价,并对评价模型进行验证分析,其结果与实际施工中的塌方概况大体相同,验证了模型的实用性和有效性。     

护拱法处理隧道塌方技术应用

隧道施工中塌方是常见的事故,塌方处理方案的关键是要安全、合理、经济.文章通过财神梁隧道塌方处理实例,从塌方原因分析、处理方案、变形监测等方面浅述了护拱法处理隧道塌方的施工技术.     

竹岭隧道左线塌方处理及防塌措施

竹岭隧道处于地质破碎带内,节理发育、岩层破碎及渗水严重,施工过程中出现塌方现象.简要介绍了隧道发生塌方的情况、处理方案及防塌技术措施.     

浅谈隧道穿越岩性分界面石质塌方处理措施

由于地质构造作用以及风化作用,隧道多存在地质条件复杂地段。当隧道穿越岩性分界面,处理不到位很容易导致隧道塌方,给隧道施工带来安全质量隐患。文章以靖西至龙邦高速公路乐村隧道穿越岩性分界面导致大体积塌方为例,介绍了隧道区地质情况和塌方情况,分析了塌方原因,提出了利用管棚并配合超前注浆小导管的支护处理方法,并阐述了塌方处理效果。     

浅析下沙隧道塌方处理方案

隧道施工中常出现塌方突发情况,如处理不当,在后续施工中可能导致较大的经济损失甚至人员伤亡。本文紧密结合下沙隧道施工中突发塌方病害实例,分析塌方原因,介绍隧道塌方后的初期处理到全部安全顺利通过塌方段的施工方案,以供对类似的隧道塌方处理有所借鉴。     

洋坊隧道左洞塌方病害整治

文章以福建省邵三高速公路三明段MA8合同段洋坊隧道左洞进口浅埋段塌方的病害整治为例,研究和分析了高速公路连拱隧道Ⅱ类嗣岩段塌方的因为和处置方法,并针对高速公路连拱隧道的施工方法和应注意的问题提出了一些看法和建议.     

推覆构造区变质片岩隧道塌方、涌水特征及地质成因分析

隧道塌方、涌水往往发生在地质条件差的地段,有必要从地质角度研究该类灾害发生机制。文章以十房高速(十堰—房县)通省隧道塌方、涌水为例,分析了灾害发生过程,归纳总结了其典型的围岩大变形—塌方—涌水—突泥四阶段特征。在此基础上,结合隧道地质条件分析、隧洞内及地表地质调查、TRT探测等,从工程地质和水文地质角度探讨了隧道塌方、涌水灾害机理,认为主要有四个方面的原因:(1)隧道穿越压性断层破碎带,断层破碎带由含水破碎岩块及粘土构成,直接导致隧道开挖后塌方、涌水、突泥的发生;(2)推覆构造导致围岩呈层状-碎裂结构;(3)片岩中粘土矿物含量较高,遇水易泥化;(4)断层破碎带中含有承压地下水。最后,提出了加强超前地质预报及地质分析等风险规避建议,研究结果可为同类工程提供借鉴。     

隧道施工中塌方的预防和处理

通过分析隧道施工产生塌方的原因,详细介绍了隧道施工塌方的预防、塌方出现的前兆以及塌方的处理,为今后隧道施工塌方的预防和处理提供参考.     

公路隧道穿越断层塌方预测多级模糊综合评判

针对隧道穿越断层破碎带施工中塌方事故的预测,文章较系统地总结了隧道穿越断层中塌方事故的影响因素,并确定了主要影响因素;然后根据因素的层次性、模糊性,引入多级模糊评判方法、层次分析方法(AHP)等理论,建立了断层塌方预测的二级模糊综合评判模型和方法,以及指标权重及隶属函数的确定方法;通过工程实例对评判模型进行了验证分析,结果与实际情况较为吻合,说明隧道穿越断层破碎带塌方预测的多级模糊综合评判指标体系是有效的.     

隧道施工“关门”式灾害及其成因初步分析

文章在对隧道施工"关门"式灾害调查及隧道施工"关门"式灾害与隧道施工地质灾害关系分析的基础上,提出了7种围岩变形失稳塌方致灾构造、6种突泥致灾构造和2种隧道洞内泥石流致灾构造,并对其致灾成因进行了分析。结果表明:围岩变形失稳塌方致灾构造位置的围岩级别未据实修正、初期支护未及时施作或初期支护强度不足,导致围岩变形失稳塌方;自体隔泥土盘或复合隔泥岩土盘的厚度不足、强度过低或突泥致灾构造条件变化等造成隔泥岩土盘被突破,导致突泥和泥石流;隔泥节理裂隙化岩盘沿优势结构面剪裂破坏导致突泥;隧道施工爆破震动导致岩溶中充填的粘土瞬间下坐,隔泥岩盘被突破致使突泥。     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

Applicability of disaggregate models of behaviour: A question of methodology

The paper considers the possibility of quantitative analysis of behaviour, with particular reference to travel behaviour, from a methodological standpoint. The chief conclusion is that the nature of the subject implies that disaggregate statistical analysis is the most useful technique. The relationship of this methodology to theoretical issues is discussed, concluding that general theoretical issues are not susceptible to empirical resolution. The theoretical framework essential to analysis or forecasting of behaviour must therefore be established a priori The paper concludes with a discussion of the practical problems and achievements of disaggregate analysis.     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。